Table Of ContentCASE STUDIESI N
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
GENERAL EDITORS
Georgaen dL ouiSspei ndler
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
THE CIBECUE APACHE
KIOWA
APACHE
O
NAVAJ
I
I
MESCALERO
CHIRICAHUA
I _.::ExAs
I r MEXICO \
J
Figu1r.eT hem ajogrr ouopfsA pacheans.
THE CIBECUEA PACHE
By
KEITHH .B ASSO
Unfre,.11ty of Arizona
HOLT,R INEHARTAN D WINSTON
NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO ATLANTA
DALLAS MONTREAL TORONTO LONDON SYDNEY
Coverp horograSphn:u glbyo untdo h isc radleboaanAr pda,c hbea byJ urvetyhse
worlfdr omi tmso therb'asc k.
Coprig©h t1 970b yH oltR,i nehaarntd W instoInn,c .
Allr ighrtess erved
LibraorfyC ongreCsast alCoagr dN umber:7 0-100384
SBN: 03-063171-7
Printiendt heU niteSdt atoefsA merica
1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9
For ym grandmother
Foreword
Aboucth eS eries
Thesec asser udiiencs u lruarnatlh ropolaorgedy e signco ebdr intog s rudenrs,
inbe ginninagn di ntermedcioautresi esn r hes ociaslc iencienssi,g ihntrsto h er ich
nessa ndc omplexoifch yu manl ifaesi ti sl iveidnd ifferewnaty sa ndi nd ifferent
placeThse.y are writtbeynm en:i. ndw omenw hoh a\·lei veidnt hes ocietitehse y
writaebo uca ndw hoa rep rofessiontarlaliynas e do bsen•aenrdsi nterproeft ers
humanb ehaviTohre.a uthoarrsea lstoe achearnsdi, n w rititnhge iboro kst hey
havkee ptth es tudewnhrosw ilrle atdh emf oremoisntt h eimri ndsI.ti so urb elief
thawth ena nu nderstanodfwi anygso fl ifvee rdyi fferefnrto mo ne'osw ni sg ained,
absrracrainodgn rnse ralizaarboiuotns soc iaslt ructcuurlet,u vraallu essu,b sistence
techniqaunedst ,h eo theurn ivercsaatle goorfih esu m:i.ns ocibaelh aviboerr ome
meaningful.
Aboutth eA uthor
KeitHha miltaBna ssios a ssistparnoestfso r ofa nthropolaotgt yh eU ni
versoiftA yr izonHae .r eceihviesBd . Am.a gnac uml audfer omH arvaUrndi versity
in1 96a2n dh isP h.Df.r omS ranfoUrndi versiin1t 9y 6H7e. h asd onefi eldwork in
Austraalnidta h eA mericSaonu chwesHce.i st hea urhoofra m onograopnhW estern
Apachew irchcraanfdSr e \•eral arciwciltelhsa ndgeuaalaginendc g u lruArrep .r e
senhte,i se ditian bgoo k onW escerAnp achwea rfare.
Aboutc heB ook
Thisi sa srudoyf a nA mericIannd iacno mmunitthya hta sr etainietds
cultucrhaalr acTtheerA .p achoef C ibechuaev neo rs wviveudn changferdo mr heir
rurbulpeansrrb ,u tt hemya incapirne misaesbo urc hew ayc hew orlids r,e veailne d
beliaenfdbe haviowrh,i cahr seh upldyi vergent froofmt hcemh aojsoer poiptuyl a
tioonf N ortAhm eric.a.
KeirBha sscoo mmunicatthesec haracotfAe pra chceu lturrote h er eadeirn
""-o majowra ys:( I)t hrougohb jeccainvael paisn dd escripcainodn( ;2 )b y
letticnhgepeo ple spc.f-oartk h emselIvneb so.t hw aysh,o wevehre,n evesrt rays
fuf romt heA pachree aliHte yc.l assirfiheset wenty-ediigfhfte rkeinntdo sf po wer
thacant be acquirtehdr oupghu rchaasned w irhp rolongiends trucHtei opnr_o
videasn e xacatn alyosfic sh ea crriboufrc ehsew ircash conceibvyer dh ep eople
He describess eebpy s terph eg irlp'usbe rtcye remoannyd d eraiilcmsse aninagn d
functiIonne sa.c ahr eoaf b eliaenfd be haviohrei solagteesn eralifzeaatbulrebe ust,
x • FOREWORD
alspor oviddeess criptoifor nesa ble haviionrs pecisfiict uatainodnv se rbatim
sraremenbtyts h ep eoplteh emselOvneesn .e velro sseisg hotft hefa a thatth ep eo
pleo fC ibecauree a livneo,w ,a ndt haBta sshoa ss etf orh imsetlhfeg oaolf d e
scribtihnge irpe rceptoifoe nv enatssw elals o rganizhiinlpg e rceptoifot nh eir
behaviionrta o s tructsutraetde mreenlte vtaont th ec onceronfts h es ocisacli entists.
Thisc ombinatmiaokne fso rco mpel!irnega dibontgh, f romr hes tandpoionftt he
studeonfat n thropoalnodfg yr omt haotf t her eadienrt ereisntA emde riclannd ians
ing enertahleS, o uthwaesntd i thsi stoorrty h,e A pachien p articular.
Alrhoutghhea uthomra'isnc onceirswn i tthh eAp achweo rladst heA pache
perceiavnedt hinakbo uti th,e a lspor ovidiesn,t hefi rsttw oc haprear vse,r y
usefturle atmoefnt th esiorc ioarlg anizatiinpo rne a-ndpo se-reservtaitmieosn- as
orderbeydt hea nthropolTowgoi psots.s idbelfien itiooftn hsea nthropolotgaisskt 's
arer huisl lustriantt heidss t udeyi:t hteora nalytzheec ulrusryaslt eomn t hea n
thropolo'sg tiesrtmosr,o nt hen ativtee'rsm Bso.r hs tmteghiaevset heiurs esa,nd
a moderent hnograsphhoyu lwde, t hinikn,c lubdoet h
Readefrasm ilwiiatrht hen aturoefa nthropolfioeglidcwaolwr ikl uln der
stanwdh atw enti ntKoe itBhas so'wso rki nC ibecuHee. l earnetdh el anguage
weleln ougtho u sei ta st hem ajomre anosf h isc ommunicaitnit ohnefi eldH.e
becamae f rieonfdt hep eopllei,v iasn gm ucha sh ec ouladst hedyi dH.e wasa
particiopbasnetr vientr h em osrm eaningsfeunls teh atth itse rmi su sedb ya n
thropologai sftrsi;ea nndd i ntimabtuera, l wayassw elaln o bserver mobtyi vated
intel!eccornucaelrt nhsah te c oulnde vefru llsyh arwei thh isf rienadnsd,a rmed
withr eseatrecchh niqtuhesa etv olvoeudt o fa totaslelpay ratceu lrutrraald ition
thatnh eo neh es tudiiendt hefi eldA.n dh isp articiopbasnetr vadtiidon no tc on
sisotfa happsyu mmeorr c wos penitnC ibccuHee. b egahni fise ldwoartkC ,l yde
Kluckhohsnu'gs'gS (t.ioann du ndehri si nitdiiarle ctwihoenna, nu ndergradauta te
Harvaradn,dh eh asc ontiniutef,do rs ubstanpteirailoo dfts i meaec hy eaurp,t o
thep reseFnotrt. h esree asotnhsis st udiysa " clouspe" o fC ibecAupea chlei fe.
GEORGAEN D LOUISSEP INDLER
General Editor1
PhloxW,i sconsin
Novembe1r9 69
Preface
Linguiscrieollalttyoe Ad t hapaskan-speakpirnogp ki-nAs laskCaa,n adaa.,n d
northerCna liforncihaeSo, u thern Arhapa.sokraA npsa,c heawnesr,ei mrusic,ot• hee
AmericSoaunt hwesPtr.e histoprliaacntesh et imeof t heiarr riviantl h iasr eaat
betweeA.nO .1 000-1500,b utt hee xacrto utteh ey uavaenldet dh ec hronology
oft heimri gratihoansns o t} 'etb eenp recisdeeltye rmined.
Afterrh eye nterrehde SouthwtehsetA ,p acheasnesp araitnetdos everal
smallgerro upwsh ichb,yt hel at1e5 00hsa,d s preoa,d• ae rv asaen dv arireedg ion
extendfirnogm c entral AtOr inzoorntah wesTteexransI .nt hec encwitehsa fto l
lowedt,h esger oups, rneolwa tiivseollya ftreodm o nea notheard,ap treodl ocal
ecologciocnadli ti(oinnsc ludtihnepg r esenocfeo thetrr ibeasn)dd eveloptheed
linguiasntdic cu ltucrhaalr actertihsadtti isctsi ngutihsehmei ndh isrotriimce Osn.
theb asiosft hesceh araaeriasnttihcrso,po loghiasvteds i vidtehde A pacheans inro
sevemna jotrr ibetsh:eJ icarilla tAhpeLa icphaneA ,p achteh,e K iowaA pache, the
ilescalAepracoh teh,e C hiricahua AtphaeNc ahvea,h oa,n dt heW esternA pache
(seFei gur1e [ frontispiTehciesbo] o)k. i sa boutr he\ X'escAepranc hen,o ta s
thelyi veidnt hepa.s t-ahhougthh iwsi lclo nceurns -bua.st thesyu rvivteod ayi n
Cibecuae s,m alsle ulemenocnt he FAopratc hIen diaRne servaitinco ans t-central
Arizona.
Althoufgahr -reacchhianngg heasv eo ccurresdi ncteh ee stablishomfe nt
reservatiinot nhse1 870ist,w oulbde a seriomuiss tatkoes upposteh attr aditional
\X'esrAepranc hcuel turheas been comp!ecleolsyot r e radicaTtheed t.w entieth
centuArpya chteh inokfsh imsealsfa nI ndiaAnn.d w elhle m ightT.h el anguage
hel earfinrss atn,d t heo neh ep refetr0cs o mmunicianti,es s tiWlels terAnp ache.
Grammatica<.lulmyp leixt,e mbodiesa largneu mbero fc oncepts-sqoumiet e
absrracrw-hfiocrhE ngliosffhe rsn or c:i.dye ciuivalWchnernsh .e i sl earninhgi s
languatgheeA, p achies t rainienda ccordawnictehe stablipsrhaecdr iocfec sh ild
carteh adti ffecro nspicuofursolmoy u ro wn.A san adulhte,e ntear ssoc iawlo rld
thagte neratteenss ioannds h oldosu tr ewarqdusi tuen likteh osceh aracteorfi stic
Americsaocni etFyi.n alalnydp, e rhamposs ti mfX)rtahnead <.y-,q uai vriese w tohfe
univergsreo undienda ssumptiaobonust n aturpahle nomentah,ec apabiloift ies
men, atnhdem anipulaotfis ounpe rnatuernatli ttihta-ctso ntrassthsa rpwliyt ht he
standard toefnW eetsst erind eoloagnydp hilosophy.
Cladi n denimp antssh,i Hbso,o tasn,J w ide-brimhmaetdt, h em odern
WcsretAnp achies c apabolfeg ivintgh ei mpresstihoanht e h asa djusftueldl tyo
hisn ewp lacien t hes ocietayn de conomoyf t heA mericSoaunt hwesNto. d oubt
therwei lclo mea rimweh ent hiisst rue.B uti th as noty eta rrived.
Thep rimaariym o ft hibso oki st Od escripboer tioofnt sh e\ X'estAepranc he
beliesfy steems,pe ciatlhloys weh icdhe awli thw hatm emberosf \ \"estseocrine ty
mighcatl l" reli.g.io or.n t. h es upcrnan1\r\alsleh. a"lS l<. -eh,o wevecrh,a mta nyo f
