Table Of Content9781405163453_1_pre.qxd 29/5/08 10:38 AM Page i
Praise for The Changing Realities of Work and Family
“Amy Marcus-Newhall, Diane Halpern, and Sherylle Tan have compiled
the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary volume on work and family.
The Changing Realities of Work and Family brings together the best re-
searchers in this field and some extraordinary practitioners to cover an
impressive array of topics from several vantage points. The editors skill-
fully combine contributions that point to the common experiences adult
workers face in combining employment with caring for families but also
carefully remind us of important differences among workers and families
that are often overlooked in this field. The book will be an asset to work-
family researchers and professionals as well as an excellent primer for the
classroom.”
Randy Albelda, University of Massachusetts Boston
“In the context of a rapidly changing U.S. work force, this up-to-date
volume provides keen insights into how families, communities, and work-
places can reap substantial benefits from greater investments in support-
ive work/family policies. This multidisciplinary array of studies examines
the experiences of a diverse array of families, and notes the powerful
effects of work-family interventions on health outcomes, family life, and
workplace productivity and equality.”
Joya Misra, University of Massachusetts Amherst
“A multi-disciplinary, multi-level, research-based summary of what we
know about integrating work and family in today’s complicated world.
An important new resource for all researchers concerned with the work-
family domain.”
Lotte Bailyn, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Changing Realities of Work and Family: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Edited by Amy Marcus-Newhall, Diane F. Halp ern, and Sherylle J. Tan
© 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-405-16345-3
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Claremont Applied Social Psychology Series
This series bridges the gap between social psychological research and
applications of that research to social problems. In each volume, leading
authorities provide the most recent theoretical views and empirical find-
ings incorporating their own research and applied activities. An introduc-
tory chapter frames the content, illustrating common themes and areas of
practical applications. Each volume brings together important new social
psychological ideas, research results, and useful applications bearing on
each social interest. These volumes will serve the needs of not only prac-
titioners and researchers, but also students and lay people interested in this
dynamic and expanding area of psychology.
The Changing Realities of Work and Family: A Multidisciplinary Approach,
edited by Amy Marcus-Newhall, Diane F. Halpern, and Sherylle J. Tan
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The Changing Realities of
Work and Family
A Multidisciplinary Approach
Edited by
Amy Marcus-Newhall, Diane F. Halpern,
and Sherylle J. Tan
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
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This edition first published 2008
© 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s
publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical
business to form Wiley-Blackwell.
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The right of Amy Marcus-Newhall, Diane F. Halpern and Sherylle J. Tan to be identified
as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The changing realities of work and family / edited by Amy Marcus-Newhall, Diane F. Halpern,
and Sherylle J. Tan.
p. cm. – (Claremont applied social psychology series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4051-6345-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4051-6346-0 (pbk. : alk.
paper) 1. Work and family. I. Marcus-Newhall, Amy. II. Halpern, Diane F. III. Tan,
Sherylle J.
HD4904.25.C449 2008
306.3′6–dc22
2008003582
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Set in 10.5/13pt Minion by Graphicraft Ltd, Hong Kong
Printed in Singapore by Markono Print Media Pte Ltd
1 2008
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Contents
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xi
Introduction 1
Amy Marcus-Newhall
Scripps College
Part I: Employment and Children: How Do Families and
Employers Accommodate the Demands? 3
Introduction 4
Sherylle J. Tan
Berger Institute for Work, Family, and Children
Claremont McKenna College
1 The Myths and Realities of Maternal Employment 9
Sherylle J. Tan
Berger Institute for Work, Family, and Children
Claremont McKenna College
2 The Upside of Maternal and Dual-Earner Employment:
A Focus on Positive Family Adaptations, Home
Environments, and Child Development in the Fullerton
Longitudinal Study 25
Adele Eskeles Gottfried and Allen W. Gottfried
California State University, Northridge and California State
University, Fullerton
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vi Contents
3 Work–Family Policies and the Avoidance of Bias
Against Caregiving 43
Robert Drago, Carol Colbeck, Carol Hollenshead
and Beth Sullivan
Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University,
University of Michigan, and University of Michigan
Part II: Culture, Age, and Sexual Orientation: How Does
Society Deal with Diversity? 67
Introduction 68
Amy Marcus-Newhall
Scripps College
4 Community: The Critical Missing Link in
Work–Family Research 71
Rosalind Chait Barnett and Karen G. Gareis
Brandeis University
5 Mothers’ Work-Life Experiences: The Role of
Cultural Factors 85
Amy Marcus-Newhall, Bettina J. Casad, Judith LeMaster,
Jennifer Peraza, and Nicole Silverman
Scripps College, California State Polytechnic University,
Pomona, and Scripps College
6 Age, Work, and Family: Balancing Unique Challenges
for the Twenty-First Century 108
Jeanette N. Cleveland
Pennsylvania State University
7 Bringing All Families to Work Today: Equality for Gay
and Lesbian Workers and Families 140
M. V. Lee Badgett
UCLA and University of Massachusetts Amherst
Part III: Work, Stress, and Health Linkages: How Does
Working and Caring for Families Affect Health? 155
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Contents vii
Introduction 156
Diane F. Halpern
Berger Institute for Work, Family, and Children
Claremont McKenna College
8 California Paid Family Leave: Is It Working for Caregivers? 159
Diane F. Halpern, Sherylle J. Tan, and Melissa Carsten
Berger Institute for Work, Family, and Children
Claremont McKenna College and Claremont Graduate University
9 Taking the Temperature of Family Life: Preliminary
Results from an Observational Study 175
Darby E. Saxbe and Rena L. Repetti
University of California at Los Angeles
10 Work, Family, and Health: Work–Family Balance
as a Protective Factor Against Stresses of Daily Life 194
Joseph G. Grzywacz, Adam B. Butler, and David
M. Almeida
Wake Forest University School of Medicine, University
of Northern Iowa, and Pennsylvania State University
Part IV: Politics, Business, and the Legal System: What is the
Effect of Work–Family Integration? 217
Introduction 218
Diane F. Halpern
Berger Institute for Work, Family, and Children
Claremont McKenna College
11 Politics, Motherhood, and Madame President 221
Jane Swift
Former Governor of Massachusetts
12 Business Impact of Flexibility: An Imperative for
Working Families 232
Donna Klein
President, Corporate Voices for Working Families
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viii Contents
13 Setting the Stage: Do Women Want it All? 245
V. Sue Molina
Retired Partner, Deloitte & Touche
14 What Psychologists Need to Know About Family
Responsibilities Discrimination 255
Joan C. Williams
University of California, Hastings College of the Law
15 Issues and Trends in Work–Family Integration 277
Bettina J. Casad
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Index 293
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Tables
Table 3.1 Description of the CEW sample 52
Table 3.2 Bias avoidance and work–family policy items 53
Table 3.3 Control variables for the analysis 55
Table 3.4 Work–family policies and productive bias
avoidance, probit regressions 56
Table 3.5 Work–family policies and unproductive bias
avoidance, probit regressions 59
Table 3.6 English and chemistry subsample results,
work–family policies and productive bias
avoidance, probit regressions 61
Table 3.7 English and chemistry subsample results,
work–family policies and unproductive bias
avoidance, probit regressions 61
Table 4.1 Cronbach’s alphas for community resource fit
scale and subscales 76
Table 4.2 Descriptive characteristics of sample 77
Table 4.3 Partial correlations linking work and school
resource fit to outcomes among employed parents 78
Table 5.1 Frequencies of resources needed mentioned by
Latina and White mothers 101
Table 8.1 FAQs about California Paid Leave 163
Table 8.2 Means and standard deviations for working
caregivers who can and cannot take time off
work without the threat of job loss 165
Table 10.1 Means, standard deviations, and inter-correlation
among primary independent variables 206
Table 10.2 Results of hierarchical linear models estimating
change in physical symptoms 207
Table 10.3 Results of hierarchical linear models estimating
change in psychological distress 208
