The Case for Affirmative Action on Campus: Concepts of Equity, Considerations for Practice

349 Pages·2009·1.25 MB·English

by  Eboni M. Zamani-Gallaher

THE CASE FOR AFFIRMATIVE ACTION ON CAMPUS
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THE CASE FOR
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
ON CAMPUS
Concepts of Equity, Considerations for Practice
Eboni M. Zamani-Gallaher,
Denise O’Neil Green,
M. Christopher Brown II,
and David O. Stovall
Foreword by Lynn W. Huntley, Esq.
Afterword by Charles J. Ogletree, Esq., and Susan Eaton
STERLING, VIRGINIA
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copyright(cid:2)2009bystyluspublishing,llc.
PublishedbyStylusPublishing,LLC
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Sterling,Virginia20166–2102
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedor
reproducedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanicalor
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retrieval,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Publication-Data
Thecaseforaffirmativeactiononcampus:conceptsof
equity,considerationsforpractice/EboniM.Zamani-
Gallaher...[etal.];forewordbyLynnW.Huntley;
afterwordbyCharlesJ.OgletreeandSusanEaton.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978–1-57922–102–7(cloth:alk.paper)—
ISBN978–1-57922–103–4(pbk.:alk.paper)
1.Affirmativeactionprogramsineducation—United
States. I.Zamani-Gallaher,EboniM.,1971–
LC213.52.C37 2009
379.2(cid:2)60973—dc22 2008025751
13-digitISBN:9781579221027(cloth)
13-digitISBN:9781579221034(paper)
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Allfirsteditionsprintedonacidfreepaper
thatmeetstheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute
Z39–48Standard.
BulkPurchases
Quantitydiscountsareavailableforuseinworkshops
andforstaffdevelopment.
Call1–800–232–0223
FirstEdition,2009
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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This body of work is in memory of my mother, Mary Ella House, for always affirming
myeducationalaccess.Specialthankstomyanchor,JamesGallaher,andmydaughters,
NiaandNala,fortheiracquiescence,whichwasnecessarytobringthisprojecttocomple-
tion.GreatgratitudeisextendedtomyFather Richardand AuntFairy.Thankyoufor
beingtherewhenyouwereneededmost.
—E.M.Z.G.
Thisbookisdedicatedtomyhusband,Matthew,andourchildren,LydiaandMatthew
DominiqueGreenIII.Theirsupportandpatiencemadeitpossibleformetoachievemy
dreams.
—D.O.G.
Tomyfriends,mentors,andbrothers—JamesEarlDavisandVernonC.Polite;
as well as to my coaches, critics, and colleagues—Carol Camp Yeakey and Kassie Free-
man;Ioweeachofyouadebtofgratitude.Yourguidancefacilitatedmycareer.
YouheldmeupuntilIcouldstandalone.
—M.C.B.2
I would like to recognize my coauthors for sensing and sharing my passion for social
justice.Additionally,Iwishtocredit87thStreetandtheCityofChicagoforcontextually
providingatypicalcontributionstomypersonalandscholarlygrowth.
—D.O.S.
WehonorthelifeandlegacyofSusanEaton—awarriorinthebattleforsocialjustice.
—E.M.Z.G.,D.O.G.,M.C.B.2,andD.O.S.
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Behold,Ihavesetbeforetheeanopendoor,andnomancanshutit.
Revelation3:8
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD xi
LynnW.Huntley
1
INTRODUCTION
1
.
NAVIGATING THE ROCKY TERRAIN OF THE POST–CIVIL
9
RIGHTS ERA
2
.
THE LANGUAGE OF ENTITLEMENT AND FRAMING OF
31
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
3
.
ACCESSING THE HISTORICAL REPOSITORIES OF SOCIAL
52
AND CULTURAL CAPITAL IN HIGHER EDUCATION
4. 71
FROM THE MARGINS
CommunityCollegeStudentOpinionsonAffirmativeAction
5
.
ACCESS FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
103
InfusingAffirmativeActioninADACompliance
6
.
SOCIAL JUSTICE, REMEDIATION, AND DISPUTES TO
122
DIVERSITY
7. 136
AFFIRMING ACTS FOR INCREASING ACCESS
ConsiderationsforPolicy,Practice,andFutureInquiry
8. 164
CONFLICT, DIVERSITY, AND ACTIVIST LEADERSHIP
202
AFTERWORD
CharlesJ.OgletreeJr.andSusanEaton
207
REFERENCES
245
APPENDIX A
TimelineofAffirmativeActionLegislativeandJudicial
245
Developments
OfficialBallotLanguageMichiganProposal06–2 251
252
StateofMichiganConstitutionalAmendment
vii
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viii CONTENTS
APPENDIX B
255
InstructionalSupplement
309
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
313
INDEX
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TABLES AND FIGURES
Table1 Racial/EthnicCompositionoftheTotalU.S.Population 14
Table2 NumberofDegreesConferredbyRacial/EthnicGroup,
2003–2004 18
Table3 1996CIRPParticipatingInstitutionsbyNormGroup,
83
State,andPublicorPrivateControl
Table4 DependentandIndependentVariablesofInterestinthe
87
CIRPSurvey
Table5 PredictorsofAbolishingAffirmativeActioninCollege
Admissionsfor2-YearBaccalaureateAspirants 95
Table6 Number/PercentageofStudentsEnrolledinPostsecondary
InstitutionsbyLevel,DisabilityStatus,andSelectStudent
Characteristics,2003–2004 108
Table7 CountyElectionResults—MichiganProposal2:Constitutional
147
AmendmenttoBanAffirmativeActionPrograms
Table8 BallotMeasures—MichiganProposal2ExitPollData 153
Figure1 PercentageofPeopleinPovertyinthePast12Months
byRaceandHispanicOrigin:2006 40
Figure2 BlakeandMouton’s2x2GridWithRevisedConflictStrategies 169
ix
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