The British Pharmacopoeia, 1864 to 2014: Medicines, International Standards and the State

266 Pages·2015·1.59 MB·English

by  Anthony C. Cartwright

The BriTish PharmacoPoeia, 1864 To 2014
The history of medicine in context
series editors: andrew cunningham and ole Peter Grell
Department of history and Philosophy of science
University of cambridge
Department of history
open University
Titles in the series include
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Bjørn okholm skaarup
The Fate of Anatomical Collections
edited by rina Knoeff and robert Zwijnenberg
Sudden Death: Medicine and Religion in Eighteenth-Century Rome
maria Pia Donato
Suzanne Noël: Cosmetic Surgery, Feminism and Beauty in
Early Twentieth-Century France
Paula J. martin
Wounds in the Middle Ages
edited by anne Kirkham and cordelia Warr
The British Pharmacopoeia,
1864 to 2014
medicines, international standards and the state
anThony c. carTWriGhT
© anthony c. cartwright 2015
all rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.
anthony c. cartwright has asserted his right under the copyright, Designs and Patents act,
1988, to be identified as the author of this work.
Published by
ashgate Publishing Limited ashgate Publishing company
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
a catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
cartwright, a. c. (anthony c.), 1940- , author.
The British pharmacopoeia, 1864 to 2014 : medicines, international standards, and the state /
by anthony c. cartwright.
p. ; cm. -- (The history of medicine in context)
includes bibliographical references and index.
isBn 978-1-4724-2032-9 (hardback) -- isBn 978-1-4724-2033-6 (eBook) -- isBn 978-1-
4724-2034-3 (ePub)
i. Title. ii. series: history of medicine in context.
[DnLm: 1. Pharmacopoeias as Topic--history--Great Britain. 2. Pharmacopoeias as Topic--
standards--Great Britain. 3. history, 19th century--Great Britain. 4. history, 20th century-
-Great Britain. 5. history, 21st century--Great Britain. 6. Publishing--history--Great Britain.
QV 711 Fa1]
rs141.3
615.1'141--dc23
2014039123
isBn 9781472420329 (hbk)
isBn 9781472420336 (ebk – PDF)
isBn 9781472420343 (ebk – ePUB)
Printed in the United Kingdom by henry Ling Limited,
at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, DT1 1hD
Contents
List of Figures vii
About the Author ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xv
Notes on References xix
Disclaimer xxi
Part I: OrIgIns, DevelOPment anD maturIty
1 The Earlier British National Pharmacopoeias:
London, Edinburgh and Dublin 3
2 Early Years: 1864–1914 29
3 Middle Years: 1914–1968 47
4 Later Years: 1968–2014 93
Part II: the BrItIsh PharmacOPOeIa In
InternatIOnal cOntext
5 British Pharmacopoeia and the European Pharmacopoeia 139
6 International Harmonisation of Pharmacopoeias 151
Part III: change anD cOntInuIty
7 Changes in Therapeutics 1864–2014 165
8 Changes in Analytical Methods 1864–2014 205
Index 233
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List of Figures
2.1 The most widely used medicines from a British Medical
Association survey of prescribers for the 1896 British
Pharmacopoeia 36
2.2 Sir Donald MacAlister, Chairman of the General Medical
Council Pharmacopoeia Committee, President of the General
Medical Council, 1904–1931 38
2.3 Professor Henry Greenish, Co-Editor of the British Pharmacopoeia 41
3.1 Dr Charles Hampshire, Secretary to the British Pharmacopoeia
Commission, 1929–1950 59
3.2 Mr Thomas Denston, Secretary to the British Pharmacopoeia
Commission, 1950–1967 75
3.3 Mr Cecil Johnson, Scientific Director then Secretary and
Scientific Director to the British Pharmacopoeia Commission,
1967–1988 85
4.1 Dr Alan Rogers, Secretary and Scientific Director to the British
Pharmacopoeia Commission, 1988–1991 110
4.2 Dr Robin Hutton, Secretary and Scientific Director to
the British Pharmacopoeia Commission, 1991–2001 113
4.3 Dr Michael Gerard Lee, Secretary and Scientific Director to
the British Pharmacopoeia Commission, 2001–2011 122
4.4 Dr Samantha Atkinson, Secretary and Scientific Director to
the British Pharmacopoeia Commission, 2012–present 130
7.1 Prescription cost analysis: England 2013 167
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About the Author
Anthony C. Cartwright is a retired pharmaceutical regulatory consultant. He
graduated in pharmacy from the University of Leeds and then worked in
pharmaceutical research and development in the pharmaceutical industry.
A long period in government service began by working in the British
Pharmacopoeia Commission’s Laboratory for four years and then successively
in the Medicines Division of the Department of Health and the Medicines
Control Agency. He was the first chairman of the European Committee for
Proprietary Medicinal Products Quality Working Party, and involved from
the beginning in the development of quality guidelines in the International
Conference on Harmonisation. After leaving the Medicines Control Agency
he worked for Parexel, a leading Contract Research Organisation, and then in
his own regulatory consultancy. He has continued to be involved with British
Pharmacopoeia through its Expert Advisory Groups and Panels. He has written
many reviews and research articles, written and co-edited three textbooks on
pharmaceutical regulation and contributed chapters to four others.