Table Of ContentThe Airway
Manual
Practical Approach to Airway
Management
Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka
Nishkarsh Gupta
Prasanna Udupi Bidkar
Debendra Kumar Tripathy
Anju Gupta
Editors
123
The Airway Manual
Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka
Nishkarsh Gupta • Prasanna Udupi Bidkar
Debendra Kumar Tripathy • Anju Gupta
Editors
The Airway Manual
Practical Approach to Airway
Management
Editors
Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka Nishkarsh Gupta
Department of Anaesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology
Jerudong Park Medical Centre (BRA-IRCH)
Jerudong Park, Brunei Darussalam All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi, Delhi, India
Prasanna Udupi Bidkar
Division of Neuroanesthesiology Debendra Kumar Tripathy
Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Department of Anesthesiology
Medical Education and Research and Critical Care
Puducherry, Pondicherry, India All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
Anju Gupta
Department of Anaesthesia
Pain Medicine and Critical Care
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi, Delhi, India
ISBN 978-981-19-4746-9 ISBN 978-981-19-4747-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4747-6
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2023
Jointly published with Byword Books
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Contents
Part I General
1 History and Milestones of Airway Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka and Anju Gupta
2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Airway Applied Aspects . . . . . . 21
Sarika M. Shetty and S. Archana
3 Preoperative Airway Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Vinayak Pujari
4 Imaging of the Airway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Debendra Kumar Tripathy and Bhavna Gupta
Part II Equipment
5 Masks and Airways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Anju Gupta and Apala Roy Chowdhury
6 Supraglottic Airway Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Debendra Kumar Tripathy and Bhavna Gupta
7 Endotracheal Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Siri Kandavar and Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka
8 Direct Laryngoscopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Pratishtha Yadav, Anju Gupta, and Nishkarsh Gupta
9 Video Laryngoscopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Nishkarsh Gupta, Pratishtha Yadav, and Priyanka Dixit
10 Flexible Video Endoscopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Amit Shah, Apeksh Patwa, and Raveendra Shankaranarayana
Ubaradka
11 Airway Adjuncts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Pratishtha Yadav, Anju Gupta, and Nishkarsh Gupta
12 Lung Isolation Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
C. A. Tejesh
v
vi Contents
13 Difficult Airway Cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Bhavna Gupta and Debendra Kumar Tripathy
Part III Practice
14 Principles of Airway Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka, Anju Gupta,
and S. Vyshnavi
15 Overview of Airway Techniques and Decision Making . . . . . . . . 223
Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka, Anju Gupta,
and S. Vyshnavi
16 Oxygenation During Airway Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Jayaram Dasan
17 Airway Management Guidelines: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Sarika M. Shetty and N. Ashwini
Part IV Techniques
18 Mask Ventilation: A Neglected Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Sayan Nath and Anju Gupta
19 Supraglottic Airway Devices: Clinical Applications . . . . . . . . . . 305
Debendra Kumar Tripathy and Bhavna Gupta
20 Endotracheal Intubation: Direct and Video Laryngoscope
Guided Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Pratishtha Yadav, Anju Gupta, Ridhima Sharma,
and Nishkarsh Gupta
21 Flexible Video Endoscopic Guided Airway Management:
Principles and Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka, Amit Shah,
and Apeksh Patwa
22 Unconventional Intubation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
S. Ramkiran and Prasanna Udupi Bidkar
23 Airway Management in Thoracic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Thomas Koshy and Saravana Babu
24 Airway Anesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Anil Kumar and N. R. Anup
25 Front of Neck Access Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Vinayak Pujari
26 Extubation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Prasanna Udupi Bidkar and Chitra Rajeshwari Thangaswamy
Contents vii
Part V Specialty
27 Airway Management in Paediatric Anaesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Singaravelu Ramesh and Singaravelu Ramesh Archana
28 Airway Management in Obstetrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Nalini Kotekar, Anshul Shenkar, Pratibha Matche,
and Sahana Panambur
29 Airway Management in Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
S. Darshini, S. Vyshnavi,
and Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka
30 Airway Management in Obesity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Prasanna Udupi Bidkar and Nitasha Mishra
31 Airway Management in Maxillofacial Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka and Anju Gupta
32 Airway Management in Neuroanesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Suparna Bharadwaj and Sriganesh Kamath
33 Airway Management in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy . . . 593
Prasanna Udupi Bidkar and Srinivasan Swaminathan
34 Airway Management in Airway Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka, Abhishek Kumar,
and Nishkarsh Gupta
35 Airway Management in Intensive Care Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
K. P. Rajendra Kumar, S. Darshini,
and Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka
36 Airway Management in Prehospital Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Sanjay Agrawal, Sharmishtha Pathak, and Veena Asthana
37 Airway Management in Emergency Department . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Bhavna Gupta, Bharat Bhushan Bhardwaj,
and Naman Agrawal
38 Airway Management in ENT Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
Prasanna Udupi Bidkar and M. Senthilnathan
39 Airway Management in Neonates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
Anju Gupta and Vishnu MR Narayanan
40 Airway Management in Infectious Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
Prasanna Udupi Bidkar and Ranganatha Praveen
Part VI Others
41 Complications of Airway Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713
Sarika M. Shetty and M. R. Anil Kumar
viii Contents
42 Controversies in Airway Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737
C. A. Tejesh
43 Airway Management in Low Resource Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749
Pawan Kumar Hamal
44 Recent Advances in Airway Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
S. Vyshnavi, Nalini Kotekar,
Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka, and N. Ashwini
45 Simulation-Based Airway Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
Prasanna Udupi Bidkar and Stalin Vinayagam
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Raveendra Shankaranarayana Ubaradka, MD, DNB is currently working
as consultant anesthesiologist at Jerudong Park Medical Centre and
Maxillofacial, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center in Brunei
Darussalam. Dr Raveendra was involved in conducting numerous training
programs and workshops related to airway management including fiberoptic
airway management in many places across the country. He has contributed a
chapter on pediatric difficult airway to a pediatric anesthesia manual. Dr.
Raveendra is recognized for the contribution in maxillofacial anesthesia where
difficult airway is frequent. He was the founder secretary of All India Difficult
Airway Association (AIDAA) and was a part of the guidelines group of
AIDAA which published the first Indian guidelines related to difficult airway
management in 2016. He has delivered many guest lectures related to airway
management in various scientific meetings and conferences including 21st
ASEAN Congress of Anesthesiologists (ACA) held in Brunei in 2019.
Nishkarsh Gupta, MBBS, MD, DNB, PGCCHM, MNAMS is working as
additional professor in the Department of Onco-anesthesiology and Palliative
Medicine at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi.
He has been a keen researcher with more than 180 publications to his name.
He has written 30 book chapters. He has been the pioneer in the field of dif-
ficult airway in onco-anesthesia. He has been an invited faculty for more than
100 conferences. He has conducted many airway workshops across India. He
is on the editorial board of several journals. He is the editor of the South
Asian adaptation of two of the most widely popular books in anesthesia
Clinical Anesthesia by Barash and Understanding Anesthesia Equipment by
Dorsch & Dorsch.
Prasanna Udupi Bidkar, MBBS, MD, DNB, DM is Professor and head of
the Division of Neuroanesthesiology at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate
Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Pondicherry. He is well known
in the field of neuroanesthesiology and neurocritical care in India. He is an
expert in the field of airway management in neurosurgery and onco-anesthe-
sia. He has many publications in reputed international journals. He has writ-
ten several chapters in various books and edited a book “Acute Neuro Care”.
He is the current treasurer of two national Indian societies (Indian Society of
ix
x Editors and Contributors
Neuroanesthesiology and Critical Care, and the Neurocritical Care Society of
India). He has served in different capacities at various conferences and has
been an invited faculty for more than 120 conferences. He is associate editor
of Journal of Anaesthesiology and Clinical Pharmacology. He is editorial
board member of many reputed anesthesiology journals.
Debendra Kumar Tripathy, DNB, MNAMS is working as professor and
ex-vice dean (innovation) at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS),
Rishikesh, India. He has been pioneering in the field of ultrasound of the
airway in India. He has conducted more than ten workshops in USG in airway
and delivered more than 100 lectures all over the country, and has many inno-
vations to his credit. He has many publications and was the organizing secre-
tary of many anesthesiology conferences in India.
Anju Gupta, MD, DNB, MNAMS, PGCCHM, IDRA is working as an
assistant professor in the Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine, and
Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. She com-
pleted her MD from Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, and now
has over 15 years of experience in anesthesia and has been faculty at various
national and international platforms. She is an avid researcher and has more
than 130 publications in reputed national and international journals and over
25 book chapters to her credit. She has won several prestigious awards and is
on the editorial board of several journals. She is the international executive
committee member at ESRA. She is the editor of the South Asian adaptation
of two of the most widely popular books in anesthesia Clinical Anesthesia by
Barash and Understanding Anesthesia Equipment by Dorsch & Dorsch.
Contributors
Naman Agrawal Department of Emergency Medicine, AIIMS, Raipur,
Chhattisgarh, India
Sanjay Agrawal, MD, PDCC Department of Anaesthesiology, AIIMS,
Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
N. R. Anup, MD Department of Anesthesiology, JSS Medical College and
Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER),
Mysuru, Karnataka, India
S. Archana, MD Department of Anesthesiology, JSS Medical College and
Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSHER),
Mysore, India
Singaravelu Ramesh Archana, MD Department of Pediatric
Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
N. Ashwini, MD Department of Anesthesiology, JSS Medical College and
Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER),
Mysuru, India
