Table Of ContentTHE LAST GREAT MUSLIM EMPIRES
T he Last Great
Muslim Empires
History of the
Muslim World
with contributions by
H. J. KISSLING • F. R.C. BAGLEY
N. BARBOUR • J.S. TRIMINGHAM
H. BRAUN • B. SPULER • H. HÀRTEL
translations and adaptations by
F. R.C. BAGLEY
introduction by
RICHARD M. EATON
/ V \ Markus Wiener Publishers
W
Princeton
Copyright © 1969 by E J. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands.
Copyright © 1996 for the Introduction by Richard M. Eaton
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any
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of the copyright owners.
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library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hans J. Kissling, et. al.
[Geschichte der islamischen Lander. English]
History of the Muslim world/Hans J. Kissling: with a new introduction
by Richard M. Eaton.
Vol. [1] has new introduction by Jane Hathaway.
Vol. [2] has new introduction by Arthur Waldron.
Vol. [3] has new introduction by Richard M. Eaton.
Previously published:The Muslim World. Leiden: EJ. Brill,
1960-<1969 >
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 1-55876-095-4 (v.l)
ISBN 1-55876-079-2 (v. 2)
ISBN 1-55876-112-8 (v. 3)
1. Islamic Empire—History. I. Title.
DS35.63S68 1994 94-11585
909'.097671—dc20 CIP
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper.
CONTENTS
Translator’s Preface................................................................................. vu
Introduction.............................................................................................. XI
The Ottoman Empire to 1774. By Hans Joachim Kissling, trans
lated and adapted by F. R. C. Bagley................................... 1
Egypt and the Eastern Arab countries in the first three centuries
of the Ottoman period. By F. R. C. Ba g le y ............................ 50
North West Africa from the i5th-i9th centuries. By Nevill Bar
bour ................................................................................................. 97
Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa, till the 19th century. By J. Spencer
Trimingham, adapted by F. R. C. Bagley.......................................153
Iran under the Safavids and in the 18th century. By Hellmut
Braun, translated and adapted by F. R. C. Bagley................181
Central Asia: the last three centuries of independence. By Bertold
Spuler, translated and adapted by F. R. C. Bagley................219
India under the Moghol Empire. By Herbert Hàrtel, translated
6
and adapted by F. R. C. Ba g ley ......................................................z o
Index (by Ursula Steier)..........................................................................281
N
TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE
Neuzeit (“Modern Times”), the third part of th^Geschichte der islamischen
Lander in the Handbuch der Orientalistik (Abteilung I, Band VI, Ab-
schnitt 3), was published by Messrs. E. J. Brill in 1959- Six scholars
contributed to the work, as follows:
H. J. Kissling, The Ottoman Empire to 1774.
H. Scheel, Ottoman History from 1774 to 1918.
G. Jâschke, Turkey since the Armistice of Mudros.
H. Braun, History of Iran since 1500.
E. Klingmüller, The Arab World in Modern Times; and Egypt since
1799-
H. Hârtel, History of India since 1525.
The range in time and space covered within the 292 pages of Neuzeit
is thus very wide, though not inclusive of some important regions of the
Muslim World.
An English translation of Neuzeit seemed likely to be even more useful
if it could be accompanied by additional chapters on these regions. For
Central Asia, Professor Bertold Spuler kindly agreed that I might
translate part of his Geschichte Mittelasiens seit dem Auftreten der Türken,
which is a component of K. Jettmar, H. W. H aussi g, B. Spuler and
L. Petech, Geschichte Mittelasiens, Leiden 1966 (Handbuch der Orienta
listik, Abteilung I, Band V, Abschnitt 5). Mr. Nevill Barbour kindly
wrote a chapter on North West Africa from the 16th century to the present
day. The Rev. J. Spencer Trimingham kindly lent me his drafts of two
unpublished articles on Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa, and I reworked them
into a chapter for this book. There also seemed to be a need for a chapter
on Egypt and the Eastern Arab World in the first three centuries of the
Ottoman period, and I have ventured despite lack of adequate knowledge
to write it. Most unfortunately Professor G. W. J. Drewes, who had
kindly offered to contribute a chapter on Indonesia and Malaysia, was
obliged to withdraw.
The inclusion of these additional chapters made the work too long for
one volume. I have therefore split it chronologically into two volumes,
with the dividing line at the end of the 18th century or the commencement
of European occupation, and have called the third part “The Last Great
Muslim Empires”. It is hoped that a contribution on Indonesia will be
obtainable for the fourth part.
VIII translator’s preface
The split into two volumes has necessitated division and renaming of
Dr. Braun’s, Professor Hârtel’s, and Mr. Barbour’s chapters, and
extraction of excerpts from Professor Spuler’s work (pp. 226-265 and
288-289 in the Geschichte Mittelasiens). A small amount of textual adap
tation has also been necessary. Furthermore, in translating the German
contributions, I have on occasion slightly amplified the original texts,
which on account of space limitations in Neuzeit were written in somewhat
condensed form. All the contributors kindly read my typescripts and made
corrections, which I have incorporated; but in so far as I have modified
or added to what they originally wrote, I and not they bear responsibility
for what now appears. I am also responsible for any clerical and proof
reading errors.
Transliteration has presented the usual problems, and while generally
aiming to keep it consistent, I have often preferred that it should be
natural. For Professor Kissling’s chapter I have used modern Turkish
spelling with a few modifications; in this chapter only, C in Turkish
words corresponds to the English J, Ç to Ch, and S to Sh, while i repre
sents the undotted Turkish I, and D sometimes stands for the Turkish
T (e.g. Murad for Murat). For Dr. Braun’s chapter I have used slightly
modified Arabic-style transliteration rather than modern Persian trans
literation. Mr. Barbour has frequently used current French transliteration,
but has also given Arabic-style spellings of important names. Different
spellings of many names, with cross-references in some cases, are given in
the index. It is hoped that this may facilitate reference to other works,
even though many of them, such as the Encyclopaedia of Islam, use an
international system of transliteration which differs from English systems,
C,
notably in replacing Ch by J by Dj, and Q by K .
The bibliographies at the end of every chapter for the most part include
only Western and translated works. Guidance to source materials may be
found in the bibliographies attached to many articles in the Encyclopaedia
of Islam and the Turkish Islam Ansiklopedisi, and in works such as C. A.
Storey’s Persian Literature, C. Brockelmann’s Geschichte der arabischen
Litteratur, and F. Babinger’s Die Geschichtschreiber der Osmanen.
Mr. Barbour and Dr. Braun prepared the genealogical trees for their
chapters, and I prepared those of the Ottomans and the Moghols. For
trees and lists of other dynasties, reference may be made to C. E. Bos-
worth, The Islamic Dynasties, Edinburgh 1967; B. Spuler, Regenten und
Regierungen der Welt, 2 vols., Würzburg 1962/64, with Nachtrag 1965;
and E. de Zambaur, Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour Vhistoire
de rIslam, Hanover 1927.
translator’s preface IX
After some effort and expenditure of time, I gave up the attempt to
provide maps for this part. A good modern atlas will be found useful,
in addition to historical atlases, e.g. Westermanns Atlas zur Weltge-
schichte, Brunswick 1963 (especially for the Ottoman empire), and R.
Roolvink, Historical Atlas of the Muslim Peoples, Amsterdam 1957 (for
outlines of frontier changes).
F. R. C. Bagley
V
