Table Of ContentTerritory and Ideology in Latin America
Transformations in Governance
Transformations in Governance is a major new academic book series from Oxford
UniversityPress.Itisdesignedtoaccommodatetheimpressivegrowthofresearchin
comparative politics, international relations, public policy, federalism, and environ-
mental and urban studies concerned with the dispersion of authority from central
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The series is edited by Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks of the University of North
Carolina,ChapelHill,andWalterMattlioftheUniversityofOxford.
OrganizationalProgeny:WhyGovernmentsareLosingControlovertheProliferatingStructures
ofGlobalGovernance
TanaJohnson
DemocratsandAutocrats:PathwaysofSubnationalUndemocraticRegimeContinuitywithin
DemocraticCountries
AgustinaGiraudy
APostfunctionalistTheoryofGovernance(5Volumes)
LiesbetHoogheandGaryMarksetal.
ConstitutionalPolicyinMultilevelGovernment:TheArtofKeepingtheBalance
ArthurBenz
With,Without,orAgainsttheState?HowEuropeanRegionsPlaytheBrusselsGame
MichaëlTatham
Territory and Ideology
in Latin America
Policy Conflicts between National
and Subnational Governments
Kent Eaton
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ForKarl
Acknowledgments
OverthedecadeIworkedonthisproject,includingyearswhenIdidnotyet
realize that it would take the form of a book, I benefited from all kinds of
support, feedback, and assistance—both in the Andes and in the USA. I am
gratefultoallthosewhocontributedtomyresearchandforthevarietyofthe
contributions they made, which ranged from financial support to analytical
insights, and from interview contacts to critical feedback. Sometimes this
feedback took the form of detailed comments on chapter drafts, but it also
came as one-off conversations or question-and-answer sessions that funda-
mentallychangedthewayIthoughtaboutmymaterial.
For helping to support and guide my research in Bolivia, I would like to
thank Helena Argirakis, Mauricio Bacardit, Eliane Capobianco, Norma Yalila
Casanova, Alejandro Colanzi, Gabriel Dabdoub, Marcelo Dabdoub, Pablo
Deheza,GiselaLópez,GilberMamani,JuanPabloMarca,JoséAbelMartínez,
HugoCarlosMolina,OscarOrtíz,GustavoPedraza,ClaudiaPeña,PaulaPeña,
Carlos Rocabado, Dunia Sandoval, Vania Sandoval, Carlos Schlink, Hugo
Siles, Leonardo Tamburini, Juan Carlos Urenda, Carlos Valverde, and Moira
Zuazo.LikesomanyUS-basedacademicsconductingfieldresearchinBolivia,
IamespeciallythankfulforthegenerosityofDiegoAyo,bothforhishelpin
navigating La Paz, where he is based, and for helping me understand the
complexitiesofSantaCruz.
InEcuador,IamgratefultoMaribelAlmeida,PabloAndrade,XavierAndrade,
Guillermo Arosemena, Orazio Belletini, Joffre Campana, Hector Chiriboga,
RussellCrawford,LoisCrawforddeRoberts,JaimeDamerval,FranciscoFranco,
JonasFrank,SimonJaramillo,HenryKronfle,VictorMaridueña,BillyNavarrete,
Andrea Ordoñez,Emilio Palacio,WillingtonParedes, BenjaminRosales, Carlo
RuizGiraldo,WalterSpurrier,RobertoVernimmen,andTinaZerega.Mostofall,
IwanttothankFelipeBurbanodeLara,whosefascinationwiththeGuayaquil-
Santa Cruz comparison rivals my own, whose work has long served as an
inspiration,andwhoseinvitationsenabledmetopresentmyworkonseveral
occasionsinQuito.
InPeru,IsincerelyappreciatethehelpIreceivedfromCésarAcurio,Carlos
Anderson, Javier Azpur, Carmen Bedoya, Violeta Bermúdez, Analía Calmell,
Luís Chirinos, Jorge Chumpitaz, Elena Conterno, Mercedes Cruz, Vladimir
Acknowledgments
Gil, Efraín González, Rolando Luque, Raúl Molina, Carlos Monge, Mirian
Morales, Paula Muñoz, Humberto Olaechea, Giannina Pastor, Patricia Pinto,
Cynthia Sanborn, Javier Torres, Dante Vera, Alberto Vergara, Luís Alberto
Villafranca,andJohnnyZasFriz.IparticularlywanttothankEduardoDargent
andMartizaParedesforinvitingmetospendtimeasavisitingscholaratthe
Catholic University in Lima in 2014, which gave me the opportunity to
engage with their very talented colleagues, including José Carlos Orijuela,
AldoPanfichi,StephanieRousseau,andMartínTanaka.
Back in the USA, I credit David Collier for pushing me to think about
how I might combine the research I was doing on Bolivia and Ecuador with
whatIhad,untilthen,thoughtofasanentirelyseparateprojectonPeru.Iam
glad I took his advice. Tyler Dickovick, my former student, co-author, and
cherished friend, is the person who has most influenced my thinking about
this topic, including during the long months we spent drafting together a
handbook on democratic decentralization for USAID. I also benefited from
severalhard-workingresearchassistantsatUCSantaCruz,includingMatthew
Boitano, Leonardo de Haro, Alicia Dolan, Shawn Nichols, Fernando Nuñez,
andSarahRomano.AlsoatUCSantaCruz,Iwanttothanktheparticipantsin
my department’s comparative politics workshop, especially my colleagues
Lamis Abdelaaty, Mark Massoud, Eleonora Pasotti, Ben Read, and Roger
Schoenman. Likewise, I am grateful to the members of the interdisciplinary
researchclusterthatIorganizedatUCSantaCruzforseveralyearsonTrans-
nationalandLocalDynamicsintheAndes(TILDA),includingJeffBury,Adam
French, Flora Lu, Tim Norris, and Aviva Sinervo. I also want to thank our
terrificdepartmentalstaff,includingMariannaSantana,GlendaDixon,Jerry
Díaz,CindyBale,MayaWoolfe,TammyTooley-Chelossi,andespeciallyDana
Rohlf,whomadeitpossibleformetocontinuetomakeprogressonthisbook
evenintheyearswhenIservedaschairofthedepartment.
For comments, questions, suggestions, and advice on the book project at
various stages along the way, I would like to thank Carla Alberti, Naazneen
Barma, Will Barndt, Mattias Bianchi, Aimee Bourassa, Pasha Bueno-Hansen,
ChristopherChambers-Ju,SarahChartock,RuthCollier,CatherineConaghan,
Jennifer Cyr, Carlos de la Torre, Diego Díaz, Rodolfo Disi Pavlic, Jorge
Domínguez,ThadDunning,TashaFairfield,TuliaFalleti,TracyBeckFenwick,
Franz Flores, Jonathan Fox, Candelaria Garay, Edward Gibson, Agustina
Giraudy, Maria-Therese Gustafsson, Patrick Heller, Maiah Jaskoski, Margaret
Keck, Atul Kohli, Pablo Lapegna, Adrienne Lebas, Steve Levitsky, James
Loxton, Juan Pablo Luna, Sebastián Mazzuca, Stephanie McNulty, Gabe
Paquette,TiannaPaschel,DeborahPoole,GrigoPop-Eleches,MathiasPoertner,
AlisonPost,JuanDiegoPrieto,AndrewSchrank,AdamSheingate,JazminSierra,
EricaSimmons,AlbertoSimpser,DanSlater,PaulSmoke,RichSnyder,Mariela
viii
Acknowledgments
Szwarcberg, Brandon Van Dyck, Matthias vom Hau, Steven Wuhs, Deborah
Yashar,YueZhang,andNickZiegler.
I am very grateful for invitations from colleagues to present my research
on the book, as it unfolded and evolved over multiple phases, at Brown
University,theCatholicUniversitiesofLimaandSantiago,FLACSO/Ecuador,
Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, Princeton University, Reed
College,UniversityofArizona,UniversityofChicago,UniversityofDelaware,
University of California Berkeley, University of California Riverside, Univer-
sity of Redlands, and University of Toronto. I would also like to thank Ed
Connerley at the US Agency for International Development and Kai Kaiser,
Ghazala Mansuri, and Vijayendra Rao at the World Bank for consulting and
research opportunities within their organizations over the years that have
significantly enriched my thinking about the territorial dimensions of eco-
nomicdevelopment.
For defraying the financial costs of the many research trips to Bolivia,
Ecuador, and Peru upon which this book is based, I am deeply indebted to
myhomeinstitution,bothforannualgrantsfromtheCommitteeonResearch
at the University of California Santa Cruz, and for the grant I received from
the UC-wide Pacific Rim research program. I am especially grateful to the
WoodrowWilsonInternational CenterforScholarsforthe2015–16 residen-
tialfellowshipinWashington,DC,whichenabledmetocompleteafulldraft
ofthebook.AttheCenterIwouldliketothankKimConner,LindsayCollins,
Verónica Colón-Rosario, Karla Peña, and Janet Spikes, along with my very
helpfulresearchassistantVictorCruz,andtheindefatigableCynthiaArnson,
whose leadership makes the Center such a vibrant place for the study and
analysisofLatinAmerica.
Finally, I am grateful to Dominic Byatt, my editor at Oxford University
Press, to the two anonymous reviewers who took the time to prepare con-
structiveanddetailedcommentsonthebook,andtotheeditorsoftheseries
on Transformations in Governance, Gary Marks and Liesbet Hooghe—from
whose pioneering work on multilevel governance I have learned so much.
I also wish to acknowledge that Chapter3 of this book is derived, in part,
from an article entitled “Disciplining Regions: Subnational Contention in
Neoliberal Peru” published in Territory, Politics, Governance on February 17,
2015, available online: <http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/21622671.
2105.1005126>.
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