Tactile Score: A Knowledge Media for Tactile Sense

46 Pages·2014·1.357 MB·English

by  Yasuhiro Suzuki, Rieko Suzuki (auth.)

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN
APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Yasuhiro Suzuki
Rieko Suzuki
Tactile Score
A Knowledge
Media for Tactile
Sense
123
SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences
and Technology
For furthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/8884
Yasuhiro Suzuki Rieko Suzuki
•
Tactile Score
A Knowledge Media for Tactile Sense
123
Yasuhiro Suzuki Rieko Suzuki
School ofInformatics and Sciences FaceTherapie Co.,Ltd.
NagoyaUniversity Tokyo
Nagoya Japan
Japan
and
Graduate School ofSystem Design
and Management
Keio University
Yokohama
Japan
Additionalmaterialtothisbookcanbedownloadedfromhttp://extras.springer.com.
ISSN 2191-530X ISSN 2191-5318 (electronic)
ISBN 978-4-431-54546-0 ISBN 978-4-431-54547-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-54547-7
SpringerTokyoHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013947783
(cid:2)TheAuthor(s)2014
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor
informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief
excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the
purposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthe
work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of
theCopyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must
always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the
CopyrightClearanceCenter.ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt
fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of
publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor
anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with
respecttothematerialcontainedherein.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Preface
Engineering application of a Tactile Score has been studied in human interfaces,
human engineering, robot engineering, and other areas. Inthese fields,the central
problemhasbeentorecreatearealtactilesensemechanically.Forexample,there
have been many studies related to fabric textures and measurements in material
engineering.Therearemanystudiesintermsofmeasurementsofthetactilesense
and the development of tactile textures. However, conventional research has not
been conducted to find a method for a temporal and spatial combination of the
tactile sense.
A prototypical application of a spatiotemporal combination of the tactile sense
is massage. Massage has been used for many years in medical treatments, in
beauty therapies, and in other ways, but little scientific research on massage has
been done. One of the challenges in research is that a method for describing
massage has not been developed. For that reason, we are proposing a method, or
measure, for describing massage: tactile score. The tactile score denotes the
pressure intensity, the size of the contact area, and the rhythm of strokes. These
three elements can be considered in the context of music scores by regarding
pressureintensityasthepitchofatone,thesizeofthecontactareaasthenumber
of tones (i.e., whether a single note or a chord), and the rhythm of strokes as
musical notes.
In this book, after a short review of general research on massage and our own
research in the field, we introduce the basics of the tactile score and tactile
composition, then we show the results of the investigation of a kind of massage
calledFaceTherapieTM,whichhasbeenappliedtomorethan4,00,000subjects.By
using an approach from the field ofpsychology, the semantic differential method,
wederivethebasictechniquesofmassage,andbycombiningthesetechniqueswe
are able tocreate various kinds of massage. Finally, we introduce projects for the
application of the tactile score. With emotional engineering, we develop facial
equipment for beauty treatment by using the tactile score, and also a transfor-
mation method for extrapolating from a music score to a tactile score. We hope
this book will help to open a new area of tactile research and will bring about a
new appreciation of the joy of the tactile sense.
Yasuhiro Suzuki
Rieko Suzuki
v
Acknowledgments
The authors express their gratitude for the collaboration of the following indi-
viduals and organizations: Dr. Junji Watanabe (NTT Communication Science
Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) in the language of
the tactile sense; Ms. Satoko Inaba and Ms. Mariko Umemura for experiments in
massage; Prof. Takashi Maeno and Prof. Yasutoshi Makino (both at the Graduate
School of System Design Management, Keio University) and Prof. Shigeru
Sakurazawa (Future University Hakodate) in the development and discussion of
haptic engineering; and to Prof. Fuminori Akiba (Nagoya University) for
enlightening discussions. We thank Mrs. Rie Taniguchi (Nagoya University) and
SpringerJapanfortheirEditorialSupport.PartsofourResearchweresupportedby
JSPSKAKENHIGrants-in-AidforScientificResearch(B)No.23300317and(C)
No. 24520106, which we gratefully acknowledge.
vii
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Tactile Sense Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Design Methods of Tactile Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Researches of Massage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Massage in Medical Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 Facial Massage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Tactile Workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 Haptica Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.1 Design of Bodyworkshop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.2 Example of Pre-workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.3 Main Workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 Bodyworkshops for Education of Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 Experiments Relating to Massage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1 Psycho-Physical Experiment of the Tactile Perception. . . . . . . . 15
3.2 Psychonomics Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3 Related Works and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4 Tactile Score, ‘‘Syoku-fuTM’’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.1 The Way to ‘‘Tactile Score’’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.2 Tactile Score, Syoku-fuTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5 Investigation of Massage by Using Tactile Score. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
ix
x Contents
6 Method of Composing Massage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6.1 Language of Tactile Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.2 Exercise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7 Future Tactile Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.1 Creating Tactile Sense as Natural Computing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Chapter 1
Introduction
Abstract In this section, I introduce studies and designs related to Tactile score.
The scientific research of massage has been conducted centered on medicine and
psychology,andthoseresearchesshowtheeffectivenessofhumanhandpower.In
thischapter,weintroducethetactilesensetechnologies,designmethodsoftactile
sense and show summary of researches related to massage.
Keywords Tactilesensetechnologies(cid:2)Designmethodsoftactilesense(cid:2)Review
of tactile sense researches
1.1 Tactile Sense Technologies
Almostallpartsofourbodiesarecoveredwithskin.Ifsomethingtouchestheskin,
we can feel it. The skin connects our outside and inside that means our mind
through tactile sense but some parts such as eyes are not covered with skin. For
example, an eye is a part to see and an ear is a part to hear. All the same, these
partsconnectouroutsideandinside.Speakinginbroadterms,allthesenseorgans
such as skin, eyes, and ears are the membrane which connects our inside and
outside.
Whensomethingtouchesthemembrane,wefeelthetouchofit.Forexample,it
is a baby’s soft cheek, mellow music, gentle word, delicious food, and tender
solicitude.Ithasvariousmeaningssuchastouch,sound,image,taste,andconcern.
We can feel them as the sense being touched on the membrane, in other words,
tactile sense.
Tactile sense (skin sensibility) consists mostly of the entire body among
membranes that wrap our bodies. Tactile sense (skin sensibility) is unique organ
which can’t ‘‘close’’ among the senses consist our membranes. We can cover our
ears,closeoureyes,holdournose,andcloseourmouthbutnotclosetactilesense
(skinsensibility).Theimportanceofthistactilesensehasbecomerecognizedand
the research of tactile sense has been conducted in various areas.
Y.SuzukiandR.Suzuki,TactileScore, 1
SpringerBriefsinAppliedSciencesandTechnology,
DOI:10.1007/978-4-431-54547-7_1,(cid:2)TheAuthor(s)2014
2 1 Introduction
Tactile sense has been an interesting subject for basic science such as psy-
chology,psychophysics,cognitivescienceandsoon;andrecentlyitalsohasbeen
ofinteresttoengineeringanddesign.Inengineering,technologiesoftactilesenses
have been developed in the virtual reality, robotics, ergonomics and so on; where
one of main subjects is ‘‘how to regenerate tactile sense mechanically’’ (for
example [1]) and necessary and desirable applications of such technologies have
been explored. I would like to leave the review in regard to enormous researches
on tactile engineering to another books. In the past, the application of the tactile
engineering to entertainment such as an integration of a tactile sense device to a
video game controller and the application to communication technology such as
applications for mobile phones have been mainly conducted.
For example, A. Chang et al. proposed the ComTouch, which is a device that
augments remote voice communication with touch by converting hand pressure
into vibrational intensity between the users in real-time. They used 24 people to
observe possible uses of the tactile channel when used in conjunction with audio.
By recording and examining both audio and tactile data, they found strong rela-
tionships between the two communication channels. Their studies show that the
usersdevelopedanencodingsystemsimilartothatofMorsecode,aswellasthree
original uses: emphasis, mimicry, and turn-taking [2].
1.2 Design Methods of Tactile Sense
In the product design or manufacturing, tactile sense is an important factor; for
example in the product design of electronic equipment such as a smart phone or
iPad, tactile sense is a key factor for designing (for example [3]).
Intextile science orErgonomics,what isoftencalledasFabrichandorhandle
has been developed; it is defined as the human tactile sensory response towards
fabric, which involves not only physical but also physiological, perceptional and
social factors [Pan, 4].‘‘Peircein 1930 [4]first proposed to evaluate fabric hand
basedonphysicalmeasurementdata.Sincethen,therehavebeenseveralattempts
touseinstrumentstomeasurefabrichand.Alltheseeffortsclimaxedin1970when
S. Kawabata and his co-workers in Japan developed a KES-FB system [5, 6] for
fabric hand evaluation [4, P49]’’. Hence we are able to design fabrics with
reference to the evaluation of Fabric hand.
Studies of material dimension in human engineering express material textures
and subjective distances of several materials as quantitative subjective data and
extractpotentialfactors.Forexample,J.Watanabehasverbalizedimagesoftouch
from many tactile materials by using onomatopoeia and made an image map of
tactile sense [7] and Chang have suggested a tactile circle based on the idea of a
colorcircleregardingtheapplicationofhaptictechnologytocommunications[2].