Synthesis and functionalization of nanoparticles with biogenic amines and their biological application

157 Pages·2016·6.47 MB·English

by  Gasiorek, Friederike Britta

Synthesis and Functionalization of Nanoparticles
with Biogenic Amines and
their Biological Application

Synthese und Funktionalisierung von Nanopartikeln mit
biogenen Aminen und deren biologische Anwendung

Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades
der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fachbereiche
im Fachgebiet Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen

vorgelegt von

Friederike Britta Gasiorek
aus
Wehrheim

Gießen 2016

Diese Arbeit wurde im Zeitraum von Januar 2013 bis Februar 2016 am Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen angefertigt, unter der Betreuung von
Prof. Dr. Sabine Schlecht begonnen und unter Herr Prof. Dr. Siegfried Schindler und Herr Prof. Dr.
Mathias S. Wickleder beendet.

Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Siegfried Schindler
Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Mathias S. Wickleder

Für meinen Vater

„Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is always to try just one
more time.”

Thomas A. Edison

Table of Content
Table of Content
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1
2. Basic Knowledge ........................................................................................................................ 3
2.1 Nanomaterials ..................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Metal Nanoparticles ............................................................................................................ 8
2.1.1 Synthesis of Coinage Metal Nanoparticles ................................................................. 8
2.1.2 Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles ................................................................... 9
2.3 Semiconductor Nanoparticles ........................................................................................... 11
2.4 Surface Functionalization .................................................................................................. 16
2.5 Characterization ................................................................................................................ 20
2.6 Nanoparticles in Biological Systems ................................................................................ 22
2.7 Multivalent Ligands .......................................................................................................... 24
3. Motivation and Goals ................................................................................................................ 27
4. Gold Nanoparticles.................................................................................................................... 29
4.1 Syntheses of Gold Nanoparticles ...................................................................................... 29
4.2 Optical Properties .............................................................................................................. 33
4.3 Alloyed Metal Nanoparticles ............................................................................................ 34
4.4 Ligand Exchange Reactions at Gold Nanoparticles .......................................................... 35
4.5 Gold Nanoparticles with Positively Charged Ligands ...................................................... 42
4.6 Mixed Ligand Shells on Gold Nanoparticles .................................................................... 45
4.7 Functionalization at the Ligand Periphery ........................................................................ 47
4.8 Functionalization with Bioactive Amines ......................................................................... 49
4.9 Biological Functionality .................................................................................................... 57
4.10 Effects of Multivalent Histamine Supported on Gold Nanoparticles: Activation of
Histamine Receptors by Derivatized Histamine at Subnanomolar Concentrations ...................... 62
5. Quantum Dots ........................................................................................................................... 79
5.1 Quantum Dots for Cellular Imaging ................................................................................. 79
Table of Content
5.2 The Ternary System CdTe Se -MPA .............................................................................. 88
x 1-x
6. Summary/Zusammenfassung .................................................................................................... 93
6.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 93
6.2 Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................................. 95
7. Outlook ...................................................................................................................................... 99
8. Experimental Section .............................................................................................................. 101
8.1 Chemicals, Solvents and Consumables ........................................................................... 101
8.2 Analytics .......................................................................................................................... 101
8.3 Synthesis of the Nanoparticles ........................................................................................ 104
8.4 Ligand Exchange Reactions ............................................................................................ 107
8.5 Dithiocarbamate Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles ...................................................... 109
8.6 Positively Charged Gold Nanoparticles .......................................................................... 110
8.7 Mixed Ligand Shell ......................................................................................................... 111
8.8 Functionalization of the Particles Shell ........................................................................... 112
8.9 Synthesis of the Ligands .................................................................................................. 115
8.10 Synthesis of Quantum Dots ............................................................................................. 118
9. References ............................................................................................................................... 123
10. Appendix ............................................................................................................................. 135
10.1 Abbreviations and Symbols ............................................................................................. 135
10.2 Calculation of core diameters .......................................................................................... 136
10.3 List of Figures ................................................................................................................. 137
10.4 List of Tables ................................................................................................................... 142
11. Publications and Presentations ............................................................................................ 143
12. Lebenslauf ........................................................................................................................... 144
13. Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................... 145
14. Erklärung ............................................................................................................................. 147