symptomatology, epidemiology and bioassay study of anthracnose of cowpea

118 Pages·2017·11.78 MB·English

“SYMPTOMATOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOASSAY
STUDY OF ANTHRACNOSE OF COWPEA”
A
THESIS
SUBMITTED TO THE
NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
NAVSARI

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR

THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE

OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE
(AGRICULTURE)
IN

PLANT PATHOLOGY

BY

ARJUNSINH RATHAVA
B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
N.M. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
NAVSARI- 396 450
GUJARAT STATE

May-2017
Registration No. 2010115006
Abstract
SYMPTOMATOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOASSAY STUDY OF
ANTHRACNOSE OF COWPEA

Name of Student Major Advisor
Mr. ARJUNSINH RATHAVA Dr. D. M. PATHAK

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
N.M. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
NAVSARI

ABSTRACT
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is one of the
important pulse crops of India. Occurrence of anthracnose disease
has become a major constraint in recent years for successful and
profitable cultivation of cowpea in Gujarat. Considering the serious
threat to cowpea cultivation, the present investigation was carried
out on various pathological aspects to generate scientific
information of pathogen which cause this disease as well as to find
out suitable source of control. The studies included, identification
of causal organism, symptomatology, pathogenicity, superior media
for growth of pathogen, epidemiology, biological and chemical
control in vitro.
The tissue isolation from leaves of infected plant revealed
the association of Colletotrichum which was identified after
purification and cultural and morphological studies as
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. And Magn.). The
pathogenicity of the fungus was confirmed by three different
artificial inoculation methods viz., pin prick method, tooth brush
method and spray spore method. All these methods successfully
produced ring shaped spot and found to be most efficient in
producing the symptoms.
Eight different media including synthetic and semi synthetic
were tested for their suitability to the growth and acervulus
formation of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Among the various
solid media tested, the growth of C. lindemuthianum was
significantly more on potato dextrose agar as compared to the rest
but was followed by Brown’s agar media.
The epidemiological studies showed that maximum
temperature and wind speed were found significantly and
negatively correlated. Minimum temperature, evening relative
humidity and rainfall were significantly and positively correlated
while, morning relative humidity was found non-significant and
positively correlated with the anthracnose intensity. All these
factors played an important role in the development of disease. But
maximum temperature as well as rainfall found to play dominant
role in the anthracnose development in cowpea during kharif -2016.
Seven different known antagonists were tested in vitro for
their antagonism to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. In this
Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and T. fasciculatum were
appeared as strong and potent antagonists of C. lindemuthianum
followed by T. longibrachyatum, T. koningii, Pseudomonas
fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis.
The phytoextracts of commonly available seven plant species
were evaluated in vitro by poisoned food technique against C.
lindemuthianum. The extract of ginger (Zingiber officinalis Rosa.)
was proved excellent in inhibiting mycelial growth and acervulus
formation followed by leaves extract of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.).
The eight organic manure/cakes extracts were tested against
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by poisoned food technique in
vitro. Significantly least growth of mycelium was recorded in
extracts of neem cake followed by vermicompost. Next best in
order of merit were coconut cake and castor cake.
Ten fungicides at three different concentrations were
screened in vitro by poisoned food technique for evaluating their
efficacy against C. lindemuthianum, in which carbendazim 12% +
mancozeb 63% and carbendazim 50% WP were proved to be highly
toxic to the growth of the C. lindemuthianum.
Dr. D. M. Pathak,
Associate Professor,
Department of Plant Pathology,
College of Agriculture,
Navsari Agricultural University,
Bharuch - 392 012

C E R T I F I C A T E

This is to certify that the thesis entitled
“SYMPTOMATOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOASSAY
STUDY OF ANTHRACNOSE OF COWPEA” submitted by
ARJUNSINH RATHAVA in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE
(Agriculture) in the subject of PLANT PATHOLOGY of the
Navsari Agricultural University, is a record of bonafied research
work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision and
the thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award of any
degree, diploma or other similar title.

Place: Navsari (D. M. Pathak)

Date: 26/05/17 Major Advisor
DECLARATION

This is to declare that the whole of the research work
reported in the thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (AGRICULTURE) in PLANT
PATHOLOGY by the undersigned is the result of investigations
done by me under direct guidance and supervision of Dr. D. M.
PATHAK, Associate Professor, Dept. of Plant Pathology, College
of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Bharuch and no
part of the work has been submitted for any other degree so far.

Place: Navsari
Date: 26/05/17 (Arjunsinh Rathava)

Countersigned by

Dr. D. M. Pathak,
Associate Professor,
Department of Plant Pathology,
College of Agriculture,
Navsari Agricultural University,
Bharuch - 392 012
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All the praise of God, great benevolent, ever merciful. God filled me with
courage and confidence to fulfil the desired task. Humble dedications are the
perfect personality of the universe of all the times.
Every researcher owes a debt to his teacher. I seize this opportunity to
express my deep sense of indebtedness. Certainly, it is my Major Advisor
Dr. D. M. Pathak, Associate Professor, College of Agriculture, Navsari
Agricultural University, Bharuch for his keen interest, scientific guidance,
constructive criticism, unflagging enthusiasm and inspiration during the course
of research during whole tenure of the investigation and preparation of this
dissertation.
I gratefully acknowledge to the members of my Advisory committee, Dr.
D. R. Patel, Assistant Professor (College of Agriculture, NAU, Bharuch) , Dr.
K. B. Rakholiya, Associate Professor (Department of Plant Pathology) and
Prof. J. R. Naik, Associate Professor (Department of Agricultural Statistics) for
their valuable suggestions and constructive criticism during the course of this
investigation.
I express my sincere thanks to Dr. V. A. Solanki, Dr. Lalit Mahatma,
Dr. Rajesh Waghunde, Dr. J. R. Pandya, Prof. Danny Tandel, Prof. M. D.
Khunt, Nitalben, Rupalben, Nainaben, Ishwarbhai, Harshadbhai, Hiteshbhai
and all other staff members of the Department of Plant Pathology and
Department of Agril. Entomology, Navsari for their valuable encouragement
and providing moral support during my study period.
I am also thankful to Dr. S. R. Chaudhary (Director of Research & Dean
PGS), Dr.M. K. Arvadia (Principal), and the authorities of Navsari Agricultural
University, Navsari for providing me this valuable golden opportunity to
upgrade my qualifications in the discipline of Plant Pathology.
Though thanks are taboo in friendship, my conscience does not permit to
refrain myself from expressing my heartfelt feeling towards beloved friends
Bipin, krupa, sonal, nirmal, Cheeta, Sanket, pk, Kalpana, Viral, Jigar, Nikhil,
Mukesh, Bhabhor, Pargi ,Nikul, Nirmal, Vihol, Dashrath, Kishan, Dore, Sanket,
………………………………………………………………………Acknowledgement

Hashmukh, Mahesh, and Dinesh. My senior colleagues Muljibhai,Vinubhai,
Ankitbhai, Sharmaji and mittaldidi and My junior colleagues Arpit, Monty, Atul
and Hiral, My childhood friends Hitesh, Arun, Digvijay, Hiren,Vaibhav, Jaimin
and Nikunj and many others who are in my heart for their excellent company,
warmer affections and co-operation. All the friends are so intimate that it
seem awkward to say them 'Thanks' rather I shall always be willing to help
them whenever opportunity arises.
I express my heartfelt gratitude towards my father Mr. Naniabhai
Rathava and my mother Smt. Gangaben Rathava for their everlasting
love,constant encouragement, prayer support and sacrifice, without which this
dream could not have become a reality. They are there every step of the way;
they hold hand throughout the long journey, they are truly the wind beneath
my wings. I also wish to express my deepest gratitude and respect to my family
member younger brothers Prakash and my lovely elder sister Aarti and dear Gs
for continuing love, inspiration, encouragement, moral support and personal
sacrifice at all possible levels.
My heartful thanks to love of my life, my Life partner Jagruti Rathava
for continuing love , inspiration, encouragement, moral support and personal
sacrifice at all possible levels make this journey easy gone.
Last but not least, a million thanks to “The Nature” that helped me to do
this task and made every job a success for me.
I would like to place on record my sincere regard, deepest gratitude,
soulful respect and a million thanks to the ‘Lord Swami Narayan’, the almighty,
who helped me on every path of my life and made every step a great success.

Place: Navsari
Date: 26/05/17 (Arjunsinh Rathava)
CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE
NO.
I. INTRODUCTION 1-5
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6-31
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS 32-45
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUTION 46-67
4.1 Diagnosis of disease 46
4.1.1 Collection of specimen 46
4.1.2 Isolation and Pathogenicity 46
4.2 Symptomatology 49
4.3 Identification of pathogens 49
4.3.1 Cultural characters 49
4.3.2 Morphological characters 50
4.4 Evaluation of different media for growth 50
and sporulation of C. lindemuthianum
4.5 Effect of weather parameters on 54
anthracnose
4.5.1 Progress of anthracnose during kharif crop 54
season in cv. GC-3 under natural condition
4.5.2 Correlation of anthracnose incidence with 56
weather parameters
4.5.3 Multiple linear regressions for anthracnose 57
on different weather parameters
4.6 Management 58
4.6.1 Effect of various native isolated bio-agents 58
against C. lindemuthianum in vitro
4.6.2 Bio-efficacy of botanicals (5%) against C. 60
lindemuthianum in vitro
4.6.3 Effect of different organic manure/cakes 62
extracts (10%) on the growth of C.
lindemuthianum in vitro
4.6.4 Evaluation of different fungicides against 64
C. lindemuthianum in vitro
V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 68-70
REFERENCE i-xiii