Sustainable Options for People, Catchment and Aquatic Resources

184 Pages·2008·14.09 MB·English

Sustainable Options for People,
Catchment and Aquatic Resources
The SPEAR Project,
an International Collaboration
on Integrated Coastal Zone Management
J.G. Ferreira, H.C. Andersson, R.A. Corner, X. Desmit, Q. Fang, E.D. de Goede, S.B. Groom,
H. Gu, B.G. Gustafsson, A.J.S. Hawkins, R. Hutson, H. Jiao, D. Lan, J. Lencart-Silva, R. Li,
X. Liu, Q. Luo, J.K. Musango, A.M. Nobre, J.P. Nunes, P.L. Pascoe, J.G.C. Smits,
A. Stigebrandt, T.C. Telfer, M.P. de Wit, X. Yan, X.L. Zhang, Z. Zhang, M.Y. Zhu, C.B. Zhu
S.B. Bricker, Y. Xiao, S. Xu, C.E. Nauen, M. Scalet.
IMAR – Institute of Marine Research
http://www.imar.pt

SPEAR tEAm
J.G. Ferreira IMAR - Institute of Marine Research,
J. Lencart-Silva Centre for Ocean and Environment, New University of Lisbon, Portugal
A.M. Nobre
J.P. Nunes
Y. Xiao
A.J.S. Hawkins Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom
S.B. Groom
R. Hutson
P.L. Pascoe
T.C. Telfer Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, United Kingdom
R.A. Corner
A. Stigebrandt University of Gothenburg, Sweden
H.C. Andersson
B.G. Gustafsson
J.G.C. Smits Deltares, Netherlands
X. Desmit
E.D. de Goede
M.Y.Zhu First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, China
R. Li
X. Liu
X.L. Zhang
Z. Zhang
X. Yan Ningbo University, China
H. Jiao
Q. Luo
S. Xu
D. Lan Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, China
Q. Fang
H. Gu
J.K. Musango CSIR, South Africa
M.P. de Wit De Wit Sustainable Options (Pty) Ltd, South Africa
C.B. Zhu South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, China
S.B. Bricker Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, NOAA, USA
C.E. Nauen European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
M. Scalet European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
3
FoREwoRd
This book describes the approach and main results obtained in the Sustainable options for
PEople, catchment and Aquatic Resources (SPEAR) Project, together with complementary
case studies focusing on related work in China and in the United States. Each chapter in this
book is designed to be readable by itself, and contains enough information for the reader
to understand both the methodologies applied and the key outcomes. Wherever possible,
those outcomes have been developed into products, with the objective of leveraging their
usability as a legacy of SPEAR.
From a technical standpoint, these products currently represent the state-of-the-art in coast-
al management, featuring web-based models, hybrid ecological-economic approaches, and
management tools to be used at a variety of scales. Technological developments will mean
that the tools themselves will evolve fairly rapidly, but the underlying scientific paradigms are
expected to change more slowly.
Models do not by themselves lead to robust management, without a complementary invest-
ment in appropriate environmental data. Management-oriented work in Integrated Coastal
Zone Management (ICZM) often results in multidisciplinary actions, rather than an interdis-
ciplinary approach. As a consequence, there is often a lack of integration which is limiting to
coastal management. Three aspects of this merit further analysis:
(i) The lack of effective interaction between natural and social scienc-
es, the acknowledgement of the limitations and errors of each, and
the recognition that ICZM can only be appropriately addressed by a
well integrated approach;
(ii) The understanding that environmental baselines are shifting, in
some cases rather rapidly, and that the record of that shift is often at
best anecdotal;
(iii) The realisation that tools such as those developed in SPEAR are of
maximum utility when all social agents, such as environmental and
fisheries agencies, farm stakeholders, non-governmental agencies
and other parties are actively involved.
This book does not aim to provide an exhaustive account of all the research executed in
SPEAR, and the reader is directed to the official project website, available in English at http://
www.biaoqiang.org/ and in Chinese at http://www.spear.cn/
A digital copy of this book is available on the site, together with links to databases, models
and all other resources made available by this research.
4

6
7
8