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In the near future the appearance and spatial organization of urban and rural
landscapes will be strongly influenced by the generation of renewable energy.
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A critical step will be the re-integration of these sustainable energy landscapes
into the existing environment—which people value and want to preserve—in u
a socially fair, environmentally sound, and economically feasible manner.
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Sustainable Energy Landscapes: Designing, Planning, and Development
presents state-of-the-art knowledge in this exciting new field, bridging the t
gap between theory and fundamental research on the one hand, and l
a
practice and education on the other. The authors present a selection of
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interdisciplinary, cutting-edge projects from around the world, illustrating the
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inspiring challenge of developing sustainable energy landscapes. n n
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d
“This book is a wonderful opportunity to lift your view on sustainable design
b
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to a whole new level. ... a ‘tour de force.’ It fearlessly integrates a broad range
of perspectives, disciplines and case studies. It re-frames the discussion on l
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SuStainable
sustainable design by asking deep questions. How might the transition to
e
renewable energy systems be accommodated in a crowded world? Does a
the integration of sustainable energy systems require that we redefine our
approach to urban and rural planning and design? Does it help to see all p e energy
l andscapes as energy landscapes? The book is at once playful and revealing.”
e n
—Sebastian Moffatt, Executive Director of the consEnsUs institute, British columbia,
canada S e
landScapeS
“Sven Stremke and Andy van den Dobbelsteen have done a splendid job r
to illustrate the breadth of ongoing research efforts and the relevance of
diverse and interdisciplinary approaches to the energy-landscape nexus. This g
Designing, Planning, and Development
comprehensive book fills a gap in the literature and will be invaluable to a
y
growing number of researchers, practitioners and educators engaging with
t his topic.”
—Dan van der Horst, University of Birmingham, UK
K14201
ISBN: 978-1-4398-9404-0
Edited by Sven Stremke and
Andy van den Dobbelsteen
9 781439 894040
K14201_Cover_mech.indd 1 8/14/12 4:05 PM
SUSTAINABLE
ENERGY
LANDSCAPES
Designing, Planning, and Development
Applied Ecology
and Environmental Management
A SERIES
Series Editor
Sven E. Jørgensen
Copenhagen University, Denmark
Sustainable Energy Landscapes: Designing, Planning, and
Development
Sven Stremke and Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen
Handbook of Inland Aquatic Ecosystem Management
Sven Jorgensen, Jose Galizia Tundisi, and
Takako Matsumura Tundisi
Eco-Cities: A Planning Guide
Zhifeng Yang
Introduction to Systems Ecology
Sven E. Jørgensen
Handbook of Ecological Indicators for Assessment of
Ecosystem Health, Second Edition
Sven E. Jørgensen, Fu-Liu Xu, and Robert Costanza
Surface Modeling: High Accuracy and High Speed Methods
Tian-Xiang Yue
Handbook of Ecological Models Used in Ecosystem and
Environmental Management
Sven E. Jørgensen
ADDITIONAL VOLUMES IN PREPARATION
SUSTAINABLE
ENERGY
LANDSCAPES
Designing, Planning, and Development
Edited by Sven Stremke and
Andy van den Dobbelsteen
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20120622
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-9438-5 (eBook - PDF)
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Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgments..................................................................................................xi
Editors....................................................................................................................xiii
Contributors............................................................................................................xv
Part I Preamble
1 Sustainable Energy Landscapes:.An Introduction...................................3
Sven Stremke and Andy van den Dobbelsteen
2 Reading the Changing Energy Landscape...............................................11
Martin J. Pasqualetti
3 Strong Feelings:.Emotional Landscape of Wind Turbines...................45
Dirk Sijmons and Machiel van Dorst
Part II Methods
4 Energy Potential Mapping and Heat Mapping: Prerequisite
for Energy-Conscious Planning and Design...........................................71
Andy van den Dobbelsteen, Siebe Broersma, and Michiel Fremouw
5 Five-Step Approach to the Design of Sustainable Energy Landscapes....95
Sven Stremke
6 Multicriteria Decision Analysis for the Planning and Design
of Sustainable Energy Landscapes..........................................................111
Adrienne Grêt-Regamey and Ulrike Wissen Hayek
7 Energy Landscape Visualization: Scientific Quality and Social
Responsibility of a Powerful Tool...........................................................133
Sören Schöbel, Andreas R. Dittrich, and Daniel Czechowski
8 Developing a Planning Theory for Wicked Problems: Swarm
Planning........................................................................................................161
Rob Roggema
v
vi Contents
9 Planning Sustainable Energy Landscapes:.From Collaborative
Approaches to Individuals’ Active Planning........................................187
Claudia Basta, Wim van der Knaap, and Gerrit J. Carsjens
10 Integrated Optimization of Spatial Structures and Energy Systems....203
Gernot Stoeglehner and Michael Narodoslawsky
11 Employing Exergy and Carbon Models to Determine
the Sustainability of Alternative Energy Landscapes.........................221
Sven E. Jørgensen
Part III Case Studies
12 Energy-Conscious Design Practice in Asia: Smart City Chengdu
and the Taiwan Strait Smart Region........................................................235
Raoul Bunschoten
13 Conduit Urbanism: Rethinking Infrastructural Ecologies in the
Great Lakes Megaregion, North America..............................................261
Geoffrey Thün and Kathy Velikov
14 Bi-Productive Urban Landscapes: Urban Resilience through a
Redevelopment of Postindustrial Space in the United Kingdom.....285
Greg Keeffe
15 Spatial Modeling for Community Renewable Energy Planning:.
Case Studies in British Columbia, Canada............................................311
Olaf Schroth, Ellen Pond, Rory Tooke, David Flanders,
and Stephen Sheppard
16 Initiating and Analyzing Renewable Energy Transitions
in Germany: The District, Village, and Farm Scale.............................335
Peter Schmuck, Marianne Karpenstein-Machan, and André Wüste
17 Energy-Conscious Planning Practice in Austria: Strategic
Planning for Energy-Optimized Urban Structures.............................355
Gernot Stoeglehner and Michael Narodoslawsky
18 Assessment of Sustainability for the Danish Island of Samsø by
Application of a Work Energy (Exergy) Balance: A Preliminary
Assessment....................................................................................................373
Sven E. Jørgensen and Søren N. Nielsen
Contents vii
19 Carbon Emission Intensity and Areal Empower Density:
Combining Two Systemic Indicators to Inform the Design
and Planning of Sustainable Energy Landscapes................................385
Riccardo M. Pulselli, Pietro Romano, Michela Marchi,
and Simone Bastianoni
Part IV Education
20 Designing Sustainable Energy Islands: Applying the Five-Step
Approach in a Graduate Student’s Studio in the Netherlands..........409
Renée de Waal, Sven Stremke, Rudi van Etteger, and Adri van den Brink
21 Toward the Zero+ Campus:.Multidisciplinary Design Pedagogy
in the United States.....................................................................................435
Barry Lehrman, Loren Abraham, Mary Guzowski, Lance Neckar,
Derek Schilling, and Elizabeth Turner
22 “Resources”: An Educational Approach to Address Future
Urban Uncertainties....................................................................................465
Henrietta Palmer and Michael Dudley
Part V Epilogue
23 Conclusion....................................................................................................491
Andy van den Dobbelsteen and Sven Stremke
Preface
Dear.reader,.we.hope.this.book.finds.you.well.and.tingled.with.interest.in.
the.contents.
The.idea.for.the.book.was.born.in.August.2010,.when.we.visited.the.renew-
able.energy.island.of.Samsø.in.Denmark.under.the.guidance.of.Professor.
Sven.Erik.Jørgensen.from.Copenhagen.University..It.was.Sven.Erik.who.
strongly.advocated.the.necessity.for.a.yet.nonexistent.book.on.sustainable.
energy.landscapes..He.argued.that.even.though.many.scholars.study.sus-
tainable.energy.landscapes,.not.a.single.comprehensible.book.existed.that.
was.devoted.to.the.designing,.planning,.and.development.of.such.land-
scapes..And.he.was.right..Over.the.past.few.years,.we.had.never.encountered.
such.a.book..When.we.started.discussing.a.prospective.book.on.sustain-
able.energy.landscapes.at.various.international.conferences,.workshops,.and.
meetings,.the.idea.was.very.much.welcomed.by.our.colleagues,.and.many.
promised.to.share.their.knowledge.and.experiences.
Back.in.2010,.the.island.of.Samsø.revealed.to.us.both.the.possibility.and.
impact.of.a.self-sufficient.energy.system.based.on.locally.available.renew-
able.sources,.and,.not.least,.we.experienced.the.pride.locals.take.in.their.
achievements..We.observed.that.a.renewable.energy.system.does,.with-
out a.doubt,.affect.the.physical.landscape.and.yet.create.many.synergies.
and.added.value.for.the.inhabitants..We.were.convinced.(and.still.are).that.
well-designed.energy.landscapes,.realized.in.close.collaboration.with.(or.
perhaps.even.under.the.lead.of).the.inhabitants,.can.strengthen.already.
present.landscape.qualities,.forge.a.strong.community,.and.substantially.
improve.the.regional.economy.
We.are.aware.of.the.fact.that.Samsø.is.a.special.case:.an.island.with.a.
low.population.density.and.a.mainly.agricultural.economy.that.can.be.
sustained.by.biomass,.wind.and.solar.power..Many.villages.with.similar.
conditions,.for.example,.in.Germany.and.Austria,.have.followed.the.same.
path.and.developed.into.self-sufficient.renewable.(rural).energy.land-
scapes..Many.other.landscapes,.urban.landscapes.in.particular,.are.con-
fronted.with.far.more.challenging.assignments.when.aiming.for..carbon.or.
energy.neutrality..The.generation.of.renewable.energy,.regardless.of.loca-
tion.and.population.density,.requires.space,.and.the.transition.to.a.sustain-
able.society.will.affect.future.landscapes.around.the.world..So.Sven.Erik.
was.very.right.in.underlining.the.importance.of.consolidating.the.exist-
ing.knowledge.on.and.experience.with.sustainable.energy.landscapes.into.
one book.
We.have.spent.nearly.one.year.of.our.lives.getting.this.book.published,.
together.with.the.support.of.45.experts.in.the.field.of.sustainable.energy.
landscapes..Yes,.it.has.been.hard.work,.but.writing.this.book.has.also.been.
ix
