Survival of the Relocated Population of the U.S. After a Nuclear Attack

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OWL-5041
-
UC-41 Health and Safety
No.
Contract W-7405-eng-26
HEALTH
PHYSICS DIVISION
Emergency Technology Section
OF
SURVIVAL THE RELOCATED POPULATION
OF THE U.S. AFTER A NUCLEAR ATTACK
Final
Report
Carsten M. Haaland
Conrad V. Chester
Eugene P. Wigner
for
Defense Civil Preparedness Agency
Washington, D. C. 20301
AEC
Interagency Agreement 40-31-64
and DCPA 01-74-C-0227, Work Unit 35398
DCPA Review Notice
This report has been reviewed in the Defense Civil
Preparedness Agency and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents neces-
sarily reflect the views and policies of the
Defense Civil Preparedness Agency.
RELJUSE;
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED
JUNE 1976
operated by 3 445b 010211892
l,
UNION
CARBIDE CORPORATION
for the
ENERGY AND
RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
*
COTR DCPA,
The authors are grateful to Dr. David Bensen, from for
guidance and valuable assistance during the course of this project;
to T. J. Byram, Statistical Reporting Service, USDA, for data on grain
on
production, particularly for the computer tape U.S. 1973 grain pro-
to
duction by county; Henry Dickson, National Flight Data Center, Federal
of
Aviation Administration, Department Transportation, for a copy of the
Airport Data Base on computer tape; to Phillip Coleman for expeditious
preparation of computer graphics and computations; to Sarah A. Brown for
the compilation and presentation of data on airports; to R. R. Davis for
of
data on airlift capabilities commercial aircraft; to Marjorie Fish
for
obtaining and graphing data on grain storage; and to Gary Westley
of linear
for preparation the programming for minimizing the transport
of
grain.
*
of
A Glossary Acronyms for this report is given on page xi.

V
CONTENTS
Page
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIST OF FIGURES vii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIST
OF TABLES ix
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS xi
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ABSTRACT 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . .
AND
2 SUMMARY. CONCLUSIONS. RECOMMENDATIONS 7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1
Summary 7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2
Conclusions 11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Recommendations 12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 THE ATTACK SCENARIO 17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1 Introduction 17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
The Attack 20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 24
Crisis Relocation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 37
RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND DEFEnSES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1
Introduction 37
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 CRP-23
Fallout from the Attack 37
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 RAJIEF 52
The U.S. Program
. . . . . . . .
4.4
Radiological Exposure Control Guidelines 61
4.5
The Basis fo.r .R.ad.io.lo.g.ic.al. E.xp.o.su.re. C.on.t.ro.l . . . . .
81
Guidelines
4.6
Shelter Survival C.on.d.it.io.ns. .in. a. H.az.a.rd.ou.s . . . . . .
83
Radiation Field
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
COMMUNICATIONS 95
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1 95
AM Radio Broadcast
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 96
Two-way Communications
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
THE FOOD AND WATER SITUATION 105
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
6.1 Water Supply
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 Food
The Situation 106
6.3 of
The Effects Dust and Deplet.io.n .of. t.he. O.zo.ne. . . . . .
Layer Due to Nuclear Attack 129
vi
. . . . . . . . . . . .
7 TKANSPORTATION FOR POSTATTACK SURVIVAL 133
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1 Introduction 133
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
133
7.2 Oil Pipelines
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3 Inland Waterways 137
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.4 Railroads 138
. . . . . . . . . . . .
139
7.5 Commercial Aircraft and Airports
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.6 Trucks 14
2
. . . . . . . . . .
7.7 of Grain Stocks if, 5
Postattack Shipment
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 PETROLEUM 153
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOU 157
9 THE MEDICAL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10 COVE-NT AND THE ECONOM 161
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGWHY 163
. . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX A TRANSPORT BY COWRC1A.L AIRLINES 181
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.l Introduction 181
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.2 Existing Programs 181
. . . . . . . . .
and
A.3 Maintenance Material Requirements 190
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.4 Description of Aircraft 191
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.5
Alternate Airfields 191
. . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX B MINIMIZATION OF TRANSPORT OF GRAIN 195
. . . . . . . . . . .
OF
APPENDIX C SURVIVAL PETROLEUM REFINERIES 199