Surrogate Tapping

12 Pages·2014·0.26 MB·English

by  David Feinstein

REVIEW ARTICLE
(cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:29)(cid:3)
(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:179)(cid:54)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:180)
David Feinstein, Ashland, Oregon
(cid:36)(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)
A psychotherapeutic approach that combines framework, successful reports of surrogate
cognitive techniques with the stimulation of tapping have been appearing with some fre-
acupuncture points by tapping on them has quency within the energy psychology practi-
been gaining increased attention among clini- tioner community. A search of the literature and
cians as well as among laypersons using it on a pertinent websites, combined with a call for
self-help basis. It is called energy psychology. cases involving surrogate tapping, produced the
Thirty-six peer-reviewed studies published or 100 anecdotal accounts described here where
in-press as of April 2012—including 18 rand- an apparent effect was observed. Studies of oth-
omized controlled trials—have found the meth- er long-distance phenomena, such as telepathy
od to be surprisingly rapid and effective for a and distant healing, are reviewed to put these
range of disorders. More surprising are reports reports into context. The paradigm challenges
of “surrogate tapping.” In surrogate tapping, the raised by reports of positive outcomes follow-
practitioner taps on him- or herself and applies ing surrogate treatments are considered, and
other elements of energy psychology protocols conclusions that can and cannot be legitimately
as if he or she were the person whose problem reached based on the current data are explored.
is being addressed, all the while holding the in-
tention of helping that person. Essentially long- Keywords: acupoints, distance healing, energy
distance healing within an energy psychology psychology, entanglement, surrogate tapping
(cid:39)(cid:68)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:15) PhD, is a clinical psychologist who has to a group that included energy psychology
received nine national awards for his books on conscious- practitioners, someone would invariably ask about
ness and healing. (cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:29) [email protected].
“surrogate tapping.” Reported with some fre-
777 East Main St, Ashland, OR 97520. (cid:36)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:29)
quency within the energy psychology community,
Comments on drafts of this article by John Freedom, CEHP,
Dag Hultcrantz, Douglas J. Moore, PhD, and Gwyneth Moss, surrogate tapping is essentially long-distance heal-
MA, are gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks to Sandra ing within an energy psychology framework. The
Shipp for her assistance in collecting and analyzing the data practitioner taps on him- or herself and applies
reported here. (cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:29) The author receives income from
other elements of energy psychology protocols
energy psychology publications and trainings.
as if he or she was the person whose problem is
being addressed, all the while holding the inten-
A
fter a slow and reluctant entry into energy tion of helping that person. Often the other person
psychology, I found that the responses of would not even be in the same location. Tapping
my clients to acupoint tapping turned me on acupoints to produce psychological change
into an enthusiastic proponent (Feinstein, 2004, had been quaint enough. These reports seemed to
(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:28)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:68)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:69)(cid:12)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3) stretch all credibility. Oddly, however, surrogate
were not unusual. The procedures look strange; no tapping seemed to produce the desired outcomes
credible research had (at the time) been produced, more often than one might expect! For instance,
and the prevailing explanations made little sense. an 11-year-old boy whose nighttime bed-wetting
The fact that it happens to work so frequently and was persistent despite a good deal of therapeutic
rapidly was, however, a cause for not a little cog- intervention was not making progress in his cur-
nitive dissonance. rent therapy. His mother was in treatment with an-
I began to speculate upon and then lecture other therapist, a psychologist trained in Thought
about possible mechanisms. If I was speaking Field Therapy (TFT). During their sessions, he
EP Treatments Over a Distance: The Curious Phenomenon of “Surrogate Tapping” (cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22) 1
had the boy’s mother stimulate her own acupoints room (as is often the case with infants or
and use wordings as if she were her son. The boy’s animals) or the two may have been isolat-
enuresis quickly remitted (described in Feinstein, ed by distance.
2004). Such accounts of surrogate tapping have (cid:404)(cid:3) (cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)
been reported with the person present or at a dis- him or herself.
tance and with the person knowing or not know- (cid:404)(cid:3) (cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)
ing the procedure was being used. Other instances surrogate tapping.
have involved animals and infants.
Of the 100 reports, 28 indicated that the re-
My reply to the questions about this phenom-
ceiver was an adult, 15 that the receiver was a
enon during my lectures would be some version of
child or adolescent, and 15 that the receiver was
“It is hard enough to explain to my psychologist
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colleagues why tapping on the skin seems to do
ports. In the other 39 cases, the receiver was an
something to the brain that brings about the rap-
animal. Surrogate sessions may be the most feasi-
id resolution of PTSD. Can we please just leave
ble way to use energy psychology protocols with
claims that tapping on oneself can do something
infants, animals, or others who are themselves un-
to someone else’s brain out of the discussion for
able to carry out the tapping or verbalizations.
now!” But I knew that this anomaly had to be ad-
A positive outcome was attributed to the sur-
dressed eventually and sensed that it would pro-
rogate tapping in all 100 cases. The sender wrote
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the report in all 100 instances. In 48 of the 100
the “amygdala deactivation model” (Feinstein,
cases meeting the selection criteria, evidence of
2010) I was advocating. Focusing on the deac-
the positive outcome was based on the sender’s
tivating signals that are sent to the amygdala by
observations. In 19 cases, the sender also related
the stimulation of acupoints provides a view of a
a direct account from the receiver. This account
very complex process through a neurological lens.
had been unprompted by the sender in 11 of these
Surrogate tapping, if it really does what is being
19 instances. In the remaining 33 cases, the im-
reported, would clearly call for a different lens, or
provements were reported by a party other than
at least a wider one.
the sender or the receiver (e.g., a medical caregiv-
My curiosity eventually overcame my resist-
er, a parent whose infant was the receiver while
ance to acknowledging the accumulating reports
someone else was the sender, or the owner of a pet
of successful surrogate tapping. In the spring of
when someone else was the sender).
2012, I conducted a literature search and put out a
The surrogate tapping effects reported in-
request to the energy psychology community via
cluded both physical and emotional/behavioral
e-letters and e-lists for case descriptions of surro-
changes. Examples of physical changes included:
gate tapping. I had been able to locate only one
improving dementia and eliminating incontinence
peer-reviewed journal report describing the pro-
in a 90-year-old woman, appearing to arrest a
cess (McCarty, 2006), but 54 reports were found
grand mal seizure in an adult male, a “miraculous”
on various websites. The request for cases led to
hiatus in the side effects of chemotherapy, contin-
24 additional replies. An additional 114 written re-
ued stability of white blood cell counts in a cancer
ports were generously provided by an Emotional
patient, stopping an attack of chronic pulmonary
Freedom Techniques (EFT) practitioner, Jack
obstruction disorder, eliminating severe diaper
Schulz, who was writing a book on the topic and
rash in an infant, cessation of a serious case of hic-
had accessed a database I had not searched. Of the
cups in an infant, eliminating a rapidly growing
(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:28)(cid:22)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)-
bone cancer in a pet, eliminating overnight an ooz-
ture, websites, direct requests, and shared data, all
ing sore in a show dog allowing him to compete
reported positive outcomes, and exactly 100 met
the next day, eliminating residual heartworm in a
the following criteria:
dog, greatly reducing chronic diarrhea in an adult
(cid:404)(cid:3) (cid:36)(cid:3)(cid:179)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:180)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)- horse, and improving the quality and extending
ogy protocol to him or herself with the in- the life of several dogs and cats beyond the hopes
tention of being helpful to a “receiver.” expressed by their veterinarians.
(cid:404)(cid:3) (cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3) Examples of emotional or behavioral shifts
receiver but may have been in the same that were reported included calming rage in an
2 (cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22) EP Treatments Over a Distance: The Curious Phenomenon of “Surrogate Tapping”
adult male, reducing anxiety and pain in several into helping him. I tapped without anyone
circumstances, decreasing an elderly woman’s knowing.
extreme agitation about being placed in a nursing
She tapped for over an hour late one night,
home, accommodating a request for help from a
upon learning of his being in extreme distress,
male alcoholic who had been adamant about not
using statements that addressed his physical dis-
wanting treatment until just after surrogate tap-
comfort, his hopelessness, and his wanting to die.
ping of which he was not aware, eliminating train-
The next morning she phoned her sister, who, not
ing barriers in an iron man triathlete, eliminating
knowing anything about the surrogate tapping,
fear of heights in a female adult, and eliminating
told her “We can’t believe it! Jerry looks and says
fear of vacuums and thunder in household pets. Of
he feels so good. He is feeling really positive and
course, alternative, more mundane explanations
up and about. It seems like a miracle.” The evening
could explain the changes in each of these situa-
before, he had been so sick after a particular radia-
tions, but as a group, with the desired outcomes
tion treatment that he was vomiting and curled up
quickly following the interventions, cause–effect
(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:192)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)
possibilities warrant exploration.
dying. That is what had prompted the woman to,
An issue for those who practice surrogate tap-
“in desperation,” begin the surrogate tapping. She
ping, as well as remote diagnosis and other forms
continued to privately use it from time to time.
of distance healing, is the need to obtain permis-
She reported, “After that day, he continued to feel
sion. While no uniform or widely accepted ethical
really good, and 18 months later he was clear of
guidelines address this issue directly, questions
cancer.”
about the need to inform the receiver in advance
A college athlete called her mother, crying
of a remote intervention and to obtain permission
and frustrated because she felt that no matter what
are being debated (Feinstein, 2011). In 59 of the
she did, she could not lose extra weight that was
100 reports, permission could be assumed or was
limiting her success in her sport. She complained
clearly not required (e.g., the surrogate tapping
that all of her mother’s suggestions were making
was requested by the receiver, a father was tap-
her feel much worse. Having offered everything
ping for his infant son, a woman was tapping for
else she could think of, the mother decided to try
(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:12)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)-
surrogate tapping. She reported,
mined from the report whether permission could
be assumed or was clearly not required. In nine of The next day, my daughter called me
the remaining 36 cases, permission was explicitly to let me know that she seemed to have lost
sought, and in another instance, permission was her ravenous appetite … for no reason. Two
obtained through the practitioner’s alleged sense weeks later, she comes home for a visit and
of clairvoyantly contacting the client to gain per- she has lost the 10 pounds she was struggling
mission. In the remaining 26 cases, there was no to lose. She said she just wasn’t as hungry
mention of permission having been requested. and was craving fruit instead of candy and the
weight just seemed to have melted off some-
how. … I did not tell her I did this surrogate
(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)
tapping protocol for her.
Three of the cases are presented here to pro-
A more critical problem around food involved
vide a sense of the way surrogate tapping is con-
a 6-year-old boy who had a phobic concern about
ducted. A woman reported using surrogate tapping
putting anything in his mouth, resulting in daily
on her brother:
(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87)(cid:3)
He has had cancer and is also a severe at the time of the session was less than that of an
alcoholic who really doesn’t seem to care if average 4-year-old, and doctors were considering
he lives or dies. It is truly heartbreaking. He more invasive interventions. He never asked for
effectively shuts himself away from everyone food, would eat only four foods, and these only
and does not want help. During his radiation after a daily struggle. There was no sense of any
treatment for cancer, he was so ill he told our normal hunger–eating–satiation cycle. The practi-
mother that he was “in hell.” I began tapping tioner, Wendy Anne McCarty (2006), frequently
in desperation, putting my heart and soul utilizes surrogate tapping on behalf of infants and
EP Treatments Over a Distance: The Curious Phenomenon of “Surrogate Tapping” (cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22) 3
children while working with their parents. Her be at the core of her son’s issue. So, here we
published account of this case is quite detailed and were—the son’s current pattern and a three-
instructive about the procedure. It is condensed generational pattern on line as we were work-
here in a manner approved by McCarty (personal ing. Yet, the core had seemingly not emerged
communication, July 8, 2012): in my assessment.
I quieted and asked the son energetically,
I asked the mother if it was all right for where is the heart of this issue? I immediate-
me to tune into her son energetically. I closed ly was inspired to ask about his birth and if
my eyes and with my intention made contact there was talk about eating and food at that
with her son [who was at home, several miles time. The mother acted surprised and said,
(cid:68)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:92)(cid:64)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:17)(cid:3) “Yes, just before I was going to give birth …
I asked the mother to also get more settled and I gained so much weight during the pregnancy
quiet within herself and then to tune in to her and then was pre-ecliptic. I was huge. I was in
son and share with me as we went along what the delivery room and I pulled the doctor over
she felt or noticed. I quietly spoke out loud and said, rather dramatically, ‘Don’t ever let
my communication with the boy, my impres- me eat again! I never want to eat again! I’m
sions, and what I sensed from him, so that the so big! Don’t let me ever put a thing in my
mother would be included and the two of us mouth again!’”
could connect more fully. I introduced myself Shortly after this emphatic plea, she had
to the boy and explained that his mother was her baby boy. With this birth moment ac-
concerned about him and was asking me for knowledged and put on line, everything felt
(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:78)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3) as if it fell into place with this as the heart
(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3) of the current problem. Now we could uti-
food. His trepidation about any change struck lize EFT to help shift the patterns. With the
me. I explained to him that he didn’t need to (cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:22)(cid:19)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:192)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:41)(cid:55)(cid:3)
change, nor would we ask him to do anything to her and suggested I surrogate the tapping
differently than he felt he needed to do; but on myself for her son, while she held her at-
asked if we could see how we may help it be tention on the particular aspect of the pattern
(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:3) during each tapping sequence. (Other times,
a softening, a receptivity. With that sense of when there is more time, I teach parents how
permission, we began the work with his en- to surrogate with their body for their baby or
ergetic presence being an integral part of the child’s issue.)
session. (cid:44)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:41)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:71)-
When I asked the mother if eating, food, dress the abusive, demeaning behavior she ex-
or weight had been an issue during her child- perienced with her father concerning weight
hood, she said yes, they had. She related that and eating. We then moved on to her personal
her father then and now was “cruel” and food–weight pattern. After she reported that
“demeaning” to her mother and the girls in the related emotions had shifted to close to
the family concerning weight and attrac- neutral, we came back to the son. I had the
tiveness. If they gained weight or ate foods mother picture him expressing his anxiety,
he disapproved of, he would suggest that no dread, and fear of food. As I resonated with
one would ever want them. Clearly, that was the pattern, I tapped on my body for him,
a strong family dynamic that was a possible “Even though I am sooooo afraid to eat and
contributor to the boy’s pattern. I energetical- afraid somebody will try and make me eat,
ly intuitively checked in with the son to ask I’m a good kid.” With this, we both felt a less-
if this was at the heart of the matter and “no” ening of the intensity, yet more was still there.
was the response. I then went to the messages at birth. In
The mother then related that she was front of the mother, I spoke out loud what
always dieting, but still eating more than she I was communicating to her son nonlocally.
“should.” Clearly the ambivalence and atten- “You know, sometimes babies when they are
tion around eating was a life issue for her, yet born hear things and take them on as if the
as I checked in again, that did not seem to message was for them. I think that happened
4 (cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22) EP Treatments Over a Distance: The Curious Phenomenon of “Surrogate Tapping”
at your birth. Your mother made some very the cases that met the selection criteria. The case
strong statements about her weight and her was presented for its intimate glimpse into the
not wanting to eat again. I think you took that thought processes of a practitioner who is known
message as if it was for you, but it wasn’t. It (cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)
was meant only for her. You are a growing often the procedure involves tuning into the re-
little boy and it is good for you to eat and gain ceiver and the symptoms that are of concern while
weight and get bigger. That is what you are tapping on a standard set of acupoints and using
supposed to do as you are growing up. I think (cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:93)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:192)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)-
your system got this confused back when you ing of the receiver’s situation. While the 100 an-
were a baby being born. So, we are going to ecdotal reports do not prove that surrogate tapping
help that baby not hold that message any- has positive clinical effects, they do suggest that
more, since it wasn’t meant for him.” some people may be able to evoke positive clini-
With that, I asked the mother to go back cal effects from a distance and that tapping may be
to the image of her making that emphatic involved in these outcomes.
statement in the birthing room as I tapped
on myself for her son and for the baby in her
(cid:40)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)
womb. “Even though I heard those statements
(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:86)
about never eating again and being too big
and got confused and took them on as mine, These accounts, of course, raise many ques-
I deeply and completely love and accept my- tions. Anecdotal reports are only a preliminary
self and (cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:3) (cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:15)(cid:3)
(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:82)(cid:92)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87)- but systematic studies of surrogate tapping are yet
ing, and growing bigger.” to be conducted. Another way to form a frame-
Both the mother and I felt a dramatic shift work for interpreting the various reports of posi-
with the whole pattern seemingly dissipated tive outcomes following surrogate tapping is to
when we tried to focus on it after tapping that see if analogous phenomena have been document-
round. I asked the mother to sense into his ed in other contexts.
dread, anxiety, fear of eating pattern. Neither A sizable literature has addressed the ques-
one of us could feel any charge in it now. tion of effects at a distance (more than a thou-
The old pattern was not accessible. She was sand studies are summarized in books such as
stunned that she could sense the change—an Benor, 2001; Dossey, 1995; Jonas & Crawford,
empowering moment. 2003; McTaggart, 2008, 2011; Radin, 1997,
I explained that with my experience with 2006; Swanson, 2003, 2010; Targ, 2012; Tart,
EFT, when an old pattern lets go, the person 2009; and Tiller, 1997). Benor (2001) reviewed
(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)changes, from inside out, and has 191 controlled studies of healing with no physi-
new ideas, notions, thoughts, feelings, and cal intervention that had been published up to
actions—a new experience of the issue. Thus 2000. The healing was conducted through non-
I encouraged her to not try to coax him to eat touch “laying-on-of-hands” or through mental
as usual and to just be receptive to see what he (cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)
would do now after the session. subjects, animals, plants, bacteria, yeasts, cells in
The next day I received a message from (cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:93)(cid:92)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:49)(cid:36)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)
the mother. The mother said that the family were found in 124 of the 191 studies, with the dis-
felt “a miracle had happened.” She related that tance between the healer and the recipient ranging
within one hour of her returning home, for the from a few inches to thousands of miles. Benor
(cid:191)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:72)- has continued to track studies of distance heal-
ously said, “Mama, I’m hungry. Would you ing and posts them online at http://www.wholis-
feed me?” Never before had he requested tichealingresearch.com/StudiesandProgressNotes.
food, wanted food, or even expressed the html. Schmidt (2012), after reviewing three
sense of being hungry. meta-analytic studies of distant effects involving
hundreds of trials, concluded that the evidence
This report described communication with the is strong that “benevolent intention” (p. 529)
receiver that is far more elaborate than in most of can produce positive outcomes in the receiver.
EP Treatments Over a Distance: The Curious Phenomenon of “Surrogate Tapping” (cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22) 5
Braud and Schlitz (1997) conducted a review and proliferation of healthy human cells in a culture
meta-analysis of 30 studies in which individuals (Gronowicz, Jhaveri, Clarke, Aronow, & Smith,
(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:89)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:3) 2008).
activity in another person at a distance (usually In another distant healing experiment with
measured by skin conductance) and found a robust cancer, people given brief training in an energy
effect size across the studies. Meanwhile, the ef- healing technique were able to dramatically raise
fects of focused intention on seed germination and the remittance rate of mice infected with incur-
plant growth have long been established (reviewed able cancer to above 70%. Meanwhile, none of the
in McTaggart, 2007; Tompkins & Bird, 1973). mice in a control group that received no treatment
While this literature is not without adamant survived (Bengston & Krinsley, 2000). It did not
critics (e.g., Ernst & Singh 2009; Park, 2000; matter whether the healer believed the interven-
Wanjek, 2002), a few of the individual investiga- tion would work. Another series of experiments
(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:192)(cid:92)(cid:3) found one salient characteristic of the practitioner
described here to provide the reader a better sense that did appear to matter. The effects of a person’s
of the phenomena being reported. For instance, directed intention toward others at a distance com-
scientists at the University of California (UC), pared favorably with the person’s ability to men-
Irvine, exposed a lethal dose of gamma radiation (cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:37)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:3)
to live cells in Petri dishes. Half the cells died & Schlitz, 1983). Swanson (2010), after an exten-
within 24 hr. When “healing energy” was sent to sive review of distant healing research, suggested
the Petri dishes of the same type of cell before that the higher the practitioner’s “conscious-
and after the exposure to the same type of radia- (cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:180)(cid:178)(cid:90)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:179)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)
tion, 88% survived. It did not matter whether the of the mind” (p. 616)—the greater the ability to
healers were in the next room or thousands of (cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:17)
miles away. After describing the UC Irvine trials, Distance effects of intention and conscious-
Swanson (2010) noted that “this experiment has ness are also well-documented in areas other than
been repeated more than 100 times with consistent (cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:92)(cid:3)
results” (pp. 24–25). documents have revealed that hundreds of “remote
Medical qigong, an ancient Chinese practice viewing” experiments sponsored by the agency
that involves controlling and directing energy and conducted at the Stanford Research Institute
for healing purposes, has been shown to be able produced remarkable results, such as a “remote
to, from a distance, “protect normal cells from viewer” in Palo Alto, who after only being given
harmful assaults, increase anti-tumor immunity, the geographical coordinates, made an accurate
reduce tumor metastases, promote cell death of drawing of a multistory crane located at a Soviet
tumor cells, and increase survival time of tumor- weapons laboratory 10,000 miles away (Puthoff,
embedded animals” (Yan, Lu, & Kiang, 2003, 1996). In a series of provocative (and controver-
p. 105). For instance, a qigong master named sial) demonstration projects, crime rates were
Jixing Li was able to (cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:92) kill human cancer (cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)
cells in a laboratory 3,000 miles away. The cells, weeks after large numbers of meditators tempo-
placed in a growth medium within an incubator rarily moved into a neighborhood (Hagelin et al.,
at Penn State University, were focused upon by 1999). Providing possible insight into these out-
Li while in California. The cells Li targeted died. comes, 11 individuals who claimed an ability to
A second set of cancer cells, only a few inches produce nonlocal effects were able to successfully
away, continued to grow rapidly (Neely, 2008). (cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:3)
Yount et al. (2012) measured the effect of a heal- whom they were isolated, as detected by function-
er’s efforts to diminish the growth of human can- al magnetic resonance imaging (Achterberg et al.,
cer cells in a culture and found that the number 2005). Friends who are apart from one another can
(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)- also, in some instances, send thoughts that meas-
creased viability of the cancer cells. The positive urably impact each other’s brain waves (Standish,
effects were independent of the distance between Kozak, Johnson, & Richards, 2004). Resonance
the healer and the cells (0.25, 25, or 2000 meters). between twins was reported in a provocative study
Experiments with human cells have shown that of electroencephalogram (EEG) correspondences
nontouch energy treatments can also stimulate the between twins separated by distance, published
6 (cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22) EP Treatments Over a Distance: The Curious Phenomenon of “Surrogate Tapping”
in Science (Duane & Behrendt, 1965) and can be cognitive dissonance. Many journal editors have
found in a rich folklore of dramatic accounts, such systematically excluded even the most well-de-
as when a 4-year-old girl burned her hand and her signed studies of telepathy and distant effects—
twin sister at another location simultaneously de- research that, if accurate, requires that the “laws
veloped a blister of the same size in exactly the of physics will have to be rewritten” (Broughton,
same place (Playfair, 2009). The abilities of some 1992, p. 76). An (cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87) article fo-
(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:178)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:92)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)
to get a silver dollar to land “heads-up” 100 times program demonstrating dream telepathy as a case
in a row (Tart, 2009)—have also been repeatedly in point. It highlighted this program in tracing the
demonstrated, along with putative telepathy and systematic bias in professional psychology pub-
other at-a-distance effects (Radin, 1997, 2006; lications against anomalous observations such
Targ & Katra, 1999; Targ, 2012). For instance, pat- as extrasensory perception (Child, 1985). Child
terns in random number generators are slightly but concluded that, although the research program
(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3) was rigorous and “widely known and greatly re-
emotionally focused on the same event, whether a spected” among scientists active in parapsychol-
touchdown at a football game or a national tragedy ogy, the experiments received no mention in re-
(Nelson, Bradish, Dobyns, Dunne, & Jahn, 1996). views to which they are clearly pertinent or have
Some controlled investigations have failed been condemned based on entirely erroneous as-
(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3) sertions. “Insofar as psychologists are guided by
(cid:11)(cid:72)(cid:17)(cid:74)(cid:17)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:46)(cid:82)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:26)(cid:12)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3) these reviews,” Child observed, (cid:179)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)-
secondary factors that affect outcomes, such as vented from gaining accurate information about
knowledge or belief about the treatment (e.g., research”(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:3)
Easter & Watt, 2011). A systematic review of 23 worldview (p. 1219). Balanced presentations of
randomized trials investigating clinical outcomes parapsychological research have, in fact, despite
of prayer, distance healing, or other noncontact a few notable exceptions (e.g., Bem & Honorton,
forms of healing—involving 2,774 patients— 1994; Rao & Palmer, 1987), mostly been excluded
found that 57% of the studies yielded statistically from mainstream psychological journals.
(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:36)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:3) But the evidence for distance healing and oth-
Ernst, 2000). Performing a meta-analysis on more er so-called “paranormal” phenomena mentioned
than 1,000 controlled studies of distant effects, above, while remaining controversial (e.g., Dossey,
Radin (1997) found that the combined odds against 2006), is not going away. Rather it is showing up in
the reported outcomes being due to chance, even yet another arena, this time in energy psychology,
after statistical adjustments for potential selective with the reports of improvements following surro-
reporting biases, are 10104 to 1. gate tapping. But how can surrogate tapping pro-
duce the outcomes being reported? How can my
(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:92)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:88)-
(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)
puncture point of the stomach meridian) while I am
(cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:16)(cid:68)(cid:16)(cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:86)
in Oregon help relieve my grandson’s stomachache
In short, documented cases of surrogate tap- after he was too enthusiastic with a giant pastrami
ping leading to desired effects add to a substantial sandwich at Carnegie Deli in New York City? The
(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:68)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:3) options available to anyone who is paying atten-
a distance occur and (b) that conditions can be tion to these strange occurrences include (a) accept
established for at least some practitioners in which mainstream understanding of time and space and
distance healing occurs with reasonable frequency. (cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:69)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:70)-
(cid:49)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:18)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)- cept both and live with mutually incompatible con-
not, however, begin to explain how this might work. (cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:70)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)
(cid:58)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:82)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:68)- healing and reconsider one’s worldview accord-
(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3) ingly. To revise a longstanding way of viewing the
(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:46)(cid:88)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:28)(cid:28)(cid:25)(cid:12)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3) world is not an easy process for an individual or for
the theoretically inconvenient audience questions a discipline that is invested in established models,
about reports of successful surrogate tapping. I (cid:69)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:3)
was not alone in using such a strategy when facing are being confronted with serious challenges that
EP Treatments Over a Distance: The Curious Phenomenon of “Surrogate Tapping” (cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22) 7
strain their most basic premises (Laszlo & Dennis, than a billionth of a meter in diameter, a scale at
2012). Radin (2006) went so far as to say that rath- which “quantum effects become quite noticeable”
er than thinking of experiences such as telepathy as (cid:11)(cid:53)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:25)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:24)(cid:27)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:3)
mysterious powers of the mind, they may prove to Hameroff). Quantum effects in macrosystems are,
be “the initial stages of awareness of deeper levels in fact, now taken for granted by physicists, and
of reality” (p. 277). the dividing line between classical and quantum
physics has been breaking down. In an article in
Nature, Vedral (2008) noted that over the course
(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)
of “less than a century, researchers have moved
(cid:36)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:16)(cid:68)(cid:16)(cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:86)
from distrusting entanglement because of its
The prevailing paradigm in medicine re- ‘spooky action at a distance’ to starting to regard it
mains curiously Newtonian. Lipton (2005), a as an essential property of the macroscopic world”
cell biologist who did some of the early work on (p. 1004).
gene expression while on the faculty of Stanford (cid:57)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:28)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)-
University’s School of Medicine, has suggested gree of observable correlation that “exceeds any
that physics is a century ahead of medicine. Spe- correlation allowed by the laws of classical phys-
(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:93)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:76)- ics” (p. 1005) and presented evidence that entan-
verse is not made of matter suspended in empty glement “can exist in arbitrarily large” systems
space but of energy. After enumerating the modern involving not just two photons or electrons but
technological miracles whose invention depended millions of atoms (p. 1007). Macrosystem appli-
on the application of quantum mechanics—from cations of entanglement can already be found in
cell phones to space ships—Lipton turns to the (cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:192)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:81)-
advances in biomedical science that can be attrib- tum computing, which utilizes quantum proper-
uted to quantum physics. “Let’s list them in order ties, including nonlocal effects, to represent and
of their importance,” he prepares his readers, and perform operations on data. Experiments have
then answers: “It is a very short list—there haven’t already been carried out in which quantum com-
been any” (p. 109). putational operations were successfully executed.
The property of quantum systems that is of The effects of entanglement in nature are gen-
most direct relevance to surrogate tapping and dis- erally quite weak, though Vedral (2008) explained
tance healing is called nonlocality or entanglement, that with “a great deal of effort” it is possible to
which Einstein famously referred to as “spooky create “high overall entanglement and connectiv-
action at a distance.” The theory of entanglement ity” (p. 1006). The two basic approaches to gen-
(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:15)(cid:3) erating large-scale entanglement are: “bottom
that if two subatomic particles such as photons up” and “top down” (p. 1006). The bottom-up
or electrons have interacted, what happens to one approach may be what is occurring with surro-
(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:3) gate tapping. It involves “gaining precise control
they are separated by great distances (Fraser & of a single system” (tapping on one’s own body)
Massey, 2008). Pointing to this theory to explain and “then extending that control to two systems”
distance healing has been regarded as naïve since (the targeted benefactor of the process). In the
quantum mechanics applies to the unimaginably top-down approach, an intervention in the envi-
small world of subatomic particles, not to mac- ronment (sometimes as simple as changing the
rosystems like human brains or bodies. However, temperature) can initiate entanglement in enti-
the brain is a system of communication among bil- ties within that environment. This may be what
lions of neurons with trillions of synapses sharing is occurring when crime rates decrease after large
a common mechanism: an electrochemical wave numbers of meditators have entered a community.
reaches a neuron’s synapse causing channels to While Vedral noted that it is still an open ques-
open that allow calcium ions to enter, which when tion whether macroscopic entanglement operates
they reach a critical number, cause the neuron to in living systems, the fact that the property is now
release neurotransmitters, the building blocks of widely recognized in complex nonorganic systems
cell communication. The quantum element “enters involving solar technology and quantum comput-
at the ion channels,” which are at some points less ing points in that direction.
8 (cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22) EP Treatments Over a Distance: The Curious Phenomenon of “Surrogate Tapping”
The medium that would account for distant (cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)
(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3) (cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3) (cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:92)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:3) (cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3) (cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:55)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:86)
(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)
If a cause–effect relationship between sur-
explained the precise mechanisms that allow
rogate tapping and positive clinical outcomes is
(cid:87)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:88)-
(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)
ence one another, even when separated by large
will have been added to the ledger calling for
distances, though theories abound (e.g., Jahn
such expanded models as those described above.
& Dunne, 2011; Leder, 2005; Radin, 2006;
How strong is the evidence? Anecdotal reports
(cid:54)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:78)(cid:72)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:28)(cid:12)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:3)
are considered “heuristic” in science, enough to
(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)
guide further investigation but in themselves not
“the energy of the vacuum from which all else
interpretable as evidence. From the 100 reports
came”), is believed to give elementary parti-
collected that suggest there is an effect following
(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:191)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:3)
surrogate tapping, we do not know if most people
(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:16)
who have tried the method obtained results similar
called “god particle” (Than, 2012). Zero-point
to those in the reports or if the ratio is closer to 1 in
energy, formulated in a 1913 paper by Einstein
a 1,000, suggesting that the hits were due to factors
and Otto Stern that built on the work of Max
other than the tapping. Nor are there any controls
Planck, is the lowest possible energy a quantum
on the assessments of those reporting, who would
mechanical system can have. It suggests that the
likely have been predisposed to see improvement.
“vacuum,” the space between particles, is not
When my grandson’s tummy ache improved at the
(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:4)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:93)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:16)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)
same moment I was doing the surrogate tapping,
energy is still generally accepted, the standard
I found myself willing to let our daughter know
model of quantum physics has left some unan-
what I had been up to and take the credit.
swered questions (Kane, 2005). For instance,
The accumulated reports are, however, pro-
it has been able to conceptually unite three of
vocative enough to call for further research into
the four fundamental forces of nature—electro-
what could be a paradigm-challenging, not to
magnetism and the “weak” and “strong” quan-
mention highly useful, procedure. While not
tum forces—but not the fourth, gravity. “String
without design challenges, research on surrogate
theory,” which proposes that the electrons and
(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:88)(cid:69)-
quarks within an atom are one-dimensional lines
lished randomized controlled trial investigating
of vibration (“strings”) in a multidimensional
an energy psychology treatment (Wells, Polglase,
universe, attempts to reconcile this by provid-
Andrews, Carrington, & Baker, 2003), which
ing a self-contained mathematical model that
has been corroborated by two partial replications
describes all the fundamental forces and forms
(Baker & Siegel, 2010; Salas, Brooks, & Rowe,
of matter (Becker, Becker, & Schwarz, 2007).
2011). Similar procedures for client selection, ran-
A holographic model in which “all parts of a
domization, and pre-/postassessments of targeted
greater universe are expressed fractally in each
symptoms could be utilized; but during the pe-
(cid:86)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:180)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)-
riod the participants in the original research was
tion that is believed to give form to all physical
receiving the energy psychology treatment, a task
structures (Kelly, 2011, p. 25). A theory proposed
(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:191)(cid:87)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)
by a group of Russian physicists attempts to ex-
a puzzle, could be performed. Meanwhile, the
plain anomalous phenomena by positing “torsion
treatment would be conducted through surrogate
(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:180)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:3)
tapping by a practitioner in another room or an-
faster than the speed of light (Akimov & Shipov,
other location. Variables that might be investi-
1996), explaining apparent simultaneous effects
(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)
across distances. A “synchronized universe”
amount of distance between the participant and
model has been proposed by Swanson (2003,
the practitioner, whether the participant and prac-
2010), also to account for observations of such
titioner had been introduced or had formed some
phenomena as telepathy, remote viewing, distant
sort of relationship, whether the practitioner had
healing, out-of-body experiences, and, most sig-
previous success with surrogate tapping (various
(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:73)(cid:17)(cid:3)
EP Treatments Over a Distance: The Curious Phenomenon of “Surrogate Tapping” (cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22) 9
reports suggest that some people are more highly Becker, K., Becker, M., & Schwarz, J. H. (2007) (cid:54)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3)
(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:12)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:16)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:29)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81). Cambridge, England:
Cambridge University Press.
used by the surrogate practitioner. Directly follow-
Bem, D. J., & Honorton, C. (1994). Does psi exist? Repli-
ing the treatment, and on subsequent follow-up, the
cable evidence for an anomalous process of information
initial assessments of targeted symptoms would be transfer. (cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:37)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:24), 4–18. http://dx.doi.
repeated. A control group would be led through org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.4
an identical protocol except the surrogate tapping Bengston, W., & Krinsley, D. (2000). The effect of laying-on of
hands on transplanted breast cancer in mice (letter to editor).
would be omitted. Informed consent would need
(cid:45)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:23), 353–364.
to delicately address ethical issues regarding per-
Benor, D. J. (2001). (cid:54)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:29)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)
mission for remote interventions while adequately a healing revolution (Healing research(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:57)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:12)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:15)(cid:3)
disguising the nature of the investigation. MI: Vision Publications.
Even in the absence of such investigation, (cid:37)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:17)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:93)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:20)(cid:28)(cid:27)(cid:22)(cid:12)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:78)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:192)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)
on electrodermal activity. (cid:45)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:26)(cid:15)
however, when the anecdotal reports are placed
95–119.
into the larger context of (a) established evidence
Braud, W., & Schlitz, M. (1997). Distant intentionality and
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10 (cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22) EP Treatments Over a Distance: The Curious Phenomenon of “Surrogate Tapping”