Surface modification of vascular prosthesis and intracorneal lens polymers

228 Pages·1996·5.3 MB·English

by  Widenhouse, Christopher William

SURFACEMODIFICATIONOFVASCULARPROSTHESISAND
INTRACORNEALLENSPOLYMERS
By
CHRISTOPHERWILLIAMWIDENHOUSE
ADISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEGRADUATESCHOOL
OFTHEUNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAINPARTIALFULFILLMENT
OFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOF
DOCTOROFPHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA
1996
Copyright1996
by
ChristopherWilliamWidenhouse
ThisDissertationisdedicatedtoallthepeoplewhobelieved
IcoulddoitmorethanIdidmyself; especially, Tairany,
whoseloveandsupportIcouldnotdowithout;
andtothememoryofCharlesBucaria.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Iwouldliketoexpressmydeepestgratitudetomy
advisoranddoctoralcommitteechairman. Dr. EugeneP.
Goldberg, forhisguidance, encouragement, andpatience.
Sincerethanksarealsoextendedfortheadviceandteaching
ofthemembersofmysupervisorycommittee: Dr. Christopher
D. Batich, Dr.AnthonyB.Brennan, Dr. JamesS. Seeger, and
Dr. RichardDickinson. Iamalsogratefultotheresearch
groupofDr. JamesS. Seeger. TheguidanceandinputofDr.
DineshO. Shah, anoriginalcommitteemember, isalso
appreciated.
Specialappreciationisalsofeltfortheassistanceand
encouragementfrommycolleaguesduringmygraduatetenure.
Theseinclude JesseArnold, DavidBennett, Dr. Sameer
Bhatia, Dr. EmmanuelBiagtan, CharlesBucaria, ScottButler,
DonDePalma, ShannonEggers, KirkFoster, PenelopeKao, Dr.
StevenKuo, IngridLeidermooy, Dr. TungLiangLin, Lili
Mateo, Dr. KhalidMentak, JulieMiller, TomMiller, Dr.Lynn
Peck,MarkPrivett, Dr. JeanneQuigg, KatsabuRao, Dr.
WilliamToreki, JohnWironen, Dr.AliYahiaoui, StaceyZambo,
andMikeZamora.
SpecialthanksareextendedtoJamesF.Kirkforhis
wiseandthoughtfulinput, DrewP.Ameryforassistancein
iv
learningtheropesofanalyticaltechniques, PaulJ.Martin
forhislivelydebatesandinvaluablemicroscopyassistance.
Dr. AnthonyB. Brennanforalwayspointingoutthenotso
obviousandtohisopennessandfairnesstoallquestions,
JamesS.Marottaforhisenthusiasmandencouragement, andto
mywife. Tammyforherlove, support, pessimisticoptimism,
andencouragement.
1211
TABLEOFCONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv
LISTOFTABLES ix
LISTOFFIGURES xi
ABSTRACT xvi
CHAPTERS
1 INT11R..ODUCVITanIstOcrNualcaorrneGarlaftLsenses 811
2 BAC2K.GROUS2Ny.Dn1t.1hetiVcesVsaeslcuRleaprlaGcreamfetnstSurgeryandVascular 1144
22..11..23 GPSrryaonfpttehsrettiiecsVaosfcutlhaerNGartaufrtalMaVteesrseilalsand 1148
Properties 23
2.1.4 AdvantagesofPMMA, SEMA, andPDMS
2.1.5 GSaumrfmaaceRsadiationInitiated 31
2.1.6 PPoollyymmeerrizSaotliuotnionCoatingsand 38
2.2 2I.n2t.r1acorTRneeecfahrlnaicqtIuimevpselanCtosrnealSurgeryand 4458
Intracorneal Implants 48
2.2.2 IntracornealLensMaterialsand
2.2.3 DSeusrifgancsePropertiesofOcular 49
2.2.4 BSiuormfaatceeriMaoldifIimcpaltanitosnTechniques 5523
3 M33.A.2TERIMM333Aea...Lt2t11Sh...e1o21rdAisNaDlMSSsoauMnmbEopsTmltHeerOraDstPSerseapndaraRteiaogenntasndSubstrate 5555577555
Cleaning 57
vi
3.2.2 SurfaceModificationMethods 60
3.2.3 SolutionDipCoatingofPDMSonto
Dacron® 63
3.2.4 Characterization 65
3.2.5 Diffusion/FlowCellTestingofICLs 73
3.2.6 PorosityandCoatingStabilityTesting
ofVascularGrafts 75
3.2.7 ExVivoandinVivoStudiesofVascular
Substrates 78
4 RES4U.L1TSGAaNmDmaDIRSaCdUiSaStIiOoNnInducedPolymerizationof 80
MethylMethacrylateonPET, PTFE, andPDMS 80
4.1.1 SwellingofPET, PTFE, andPDMSinMMA
Solutions 81
4.1.2 RadiationGraftingofMMAonPET, PTFE,
andPDMS 95
4.2 GammaRadiationInducedPolymerizationof
SulfoethylMethacrylateonPET 146
4.2.1 SwellingandGravimetricAnalysisof
PETSurfaceModifiedwithSEMA 146
4.2.2 XPSAnalysisofRadiationGraftedSEMA
ontoPET 147
4.3 SolutionDipCoatingandThermalCuringof
PDMSCoatingsonDacron*PET 148
4.3.1 Conditions forDipCoatingDacronwith
PDMS 148
4.3.2 ThermalCuringofPDMSCoatingson
Dacron 149
4.3.3 GammaPolymerizationofMAOP-t-PDMS 150
4.3.4 AnalysisofPDMSCoatedDacron* 151
4.4 ResultsandDiscussionofFenestratedICLs
withHydrograft*SurfaceModifications 167
4.4.1 DeterminationofPresoakingand
GraftingConditions 167
4.4.2 AnalysisofModifiedICLs 174
5 SUMMARYANDCONCLUSIONS 179
5.1 SurfaceModificationofVascularGraft
Substrates 180
5.1.1 GammaRadiationInducedPolymerization
ofMMAonVascularGraftSubstrates 180
5.1.2 SolutionDipCoatingandThermal
PolymerizationofPDMSonDacron*,with
andwithoutPre-modificationwithMAOP-
t-PDMS 184
5.2 SurfaceModificationofFenestratedPMMA
IntracornealLensSubstrates 186
5.2.1 GammaRadiationInducedPolymerization
ofNVPonPMMAICLSubstrates 186
6 FUTUREWORK 189
6.1 SurfaceModificationofVascularGraft
Substrates 189
6.1.1 PMMAModifiedPET 189
6.1.2 PMMAModifiedPTFE 190
6.1.3 PMMAModifiedPDMS 191
6.1.4 SEMAModifiedPET 192
6.1.5 SolutionDipCoatingsonPET 192
6.2 SurfaceModificationofIntracornealLenses 193
LISTOFREFERENCES 195
BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 207
7 :
LISTOFTABLES -.,,.•-. '" ''
Table '•'.i,. - ' "' page
2.1 Initialandtwoweekpostimplantdynamic
compliancevaluesforcaninevasculargraft
materials 30
3.1 MolecularweightdataforPMMAocularimplant
materials 56
4.1 SolubilityparametersandH-bondinggroupsfor
selectedsolventsandpolymers 81
4.2 PercentweightincreasesofMylar*D-1000 filmsin
selectedsolventsatroomtemperature 82
4.3 PercentweightincreaseofDMSO-MMAsolutionsby
PET (Mylar*D-1000) filmsandwovenDacron*
fabricsat60°C. Swellingtimeis24hours for
allsamples 90
4.5 PercentweightchangesofTeflon*PTFEirradiated
inMMA-acetoneandMMA-DMSOsolutionsasa
functionofradiationdoseandsolution
concentration 103
4.6 PercentweightchangesofGORE-TEX*ePTFE
irradiatedinMMA-acetoneandMMA-DMSOsolutions
to0.11Mradasafunctionofmonomer
concentration 103
4. Pierrrcaednitatewdeigihnt10c0h%anMgMesAaosfaGOfRuE-nTcEtXi*onePoTfFEradiation
dose 104
4.8 ContactangleofTeflon*PTFEirradiatedinMMA-
acetoneandMMA-DMSOsolutionsasafunctionof
radiationdoseandsolutionconcentration Ill
4.9 Averagecarbon, oxygen, andfluorine
concentrations forTeflon*, GORE-TEX*, andPMMAas
determinedwithXPS 115
)
4.10WeightincreaseofPDMSirradiatedinMMA-DMSO
solutionsasafunctionofmonomerconcentration
andradiationdose 127
4.11 ContactangledataforPDMSirradiatedinMMA-DMSO
solutionsasafunctionofsolutionconcentration
(lefthand2columns) andtotalradiationdose
(righthand2columns 132
4.12 PercentweightincreasesofDacron®dipcoated
withPDMSorgammaradiationirradiatedinMAOP-t-
PDMSasafunctionofmodificationconditions 152
4.13 Carbon, oxygen, andsiliconatomicconcentrations
forDacron*modifiedwithdipcoatingsofPDMSand
gammairradiatedinMAOP-t-PDMSasdeterminedwith
XPS 154
4.14 Siliconconcentrationsinsolutionsfromthe
vasculargraftdelaminationanalysisasmeasured
byICP 158
4.15 Pressurizedporosityanalysisofunmodifiedand
PDMSdipcoatedDacron*. Flowrateisreportedas
ml/min-cm^normalizedtothesamplesurfacearea....159
4.16 Plateletcounts fromexvivoAVshuntexperiments
forunmodified, PDMSdipcoated, andMAOP-t-PDMS
modifiedDacron*fabric. Plateletcountsare
reportedascounts/mm^samplesurfacearea 169
4.17 Penetrationdepthsof10and20%NVPinto
fenestratedPMMAdisksasdeterminedbyoptical
microscopy 171
4.18 Flowrateofwaterthroughmodifiedandunmodified
ICLsatroomtemperatureandconstantpressure
t(yaptemocsoplhuemrnicgpivreesssufreenepsltursati1oninchholeofswiazteera)n.d Lens
surfacepercentageoffenestrations 176