studies on heat shock protein 70, antioxidant status, biochemical and hormonal profiles during

214 Pages·2015·1.47 MB·English

STUDIES ON HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70,
ANTIOXIDANT STATUS, BIOCHEMICAL AND
HORMONAL PROFILES DURING SUMMER
STRESS IN HALLIKAR CATTLE

GURUBASAYYA P. KALMATH

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY
VETERINARY COLLEGE, BENGALURU
KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES
SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585401
MAY 2015
i
STUDIES ON HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70,
ANTIOXIDANT STATUS, BIOCHEMICAL AND
HORMONAL PROFILES DURING SUMMER
STRESS IN HALLIKAR CATTLE

Thesis submitted to the
KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES
SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
in
VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY

By
GURUBASAYYA P. KALMATH

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY
VETERINARY COLLEGE, BENGALURU
KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES
SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585401
MAY 2015
ii
KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES
SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585401
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY
VETERINARY COLLEGE, BENGALURU
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “STUDIES ON HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN
70, ANTIOXIDANT STATUS, BIOCHEMICAL AND HORMONAL PROFILES DURING
SUMMER STRESS IN HALLIKAR CATTLE’’ submitted by Mr. GURUBASAYYA P.
KALMATH, I.D. No. DVHK 1230 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY of the
Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar is a record of
bonafide research work carried out by him during the period of his study in this
University under my guidance and supervision and the thesis has not previously formed
the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or other similar
titles.

Place: Bangalore Dr. M. NARAYANA SWAMY
Date: May, 2015 Professor and Head
Major advisor
Approved by:

Chairman: ____________________________
(Dr. M. NARAYANA SWAMY)
Nominated External Member: _____________________________
(Dr. V. LEELA)
Members: 1. ____________________________
(Dr. T. VEENA)
2. ____________________________
(Dr. S. YATHIRAJ)
3. ____________________________
(Dr. A. KRISHNASWAMY)
4. ____________________________
(Dr. C. S. NAGARAJA)
5. ____________________________
(Dr. SHRIKRISHNA ISLOOR)
iii
Affectionately Dedicated
To

My Beloved Late Father
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I express my deepest gratitude to Dr. M. Narayana Swamy, Professor and Head,
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Bengaluru and chairperson of my Advisory committee for
giving me an opportunity to take up the research at the farmers premises and for his constant
support, supervision, steadfast guidance and constructive criticism without which this work would
never have been possible.
I would like to express my whole hearted thanks to Dr. T. Veena, Associate Professor,
Department of Veterinary physiology and member of my advisory committee for her moral
support, constant encouragement and timely advice during the course of the work
I feel inadequacy of words to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. S. Yathiraj, Dean,
Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru and also the member of my advisory committee for his
intellectual and inspiring guidance during my study inspite of his busy schedule.
The useful suggestions and timely corrections made by my Advisory committee members
Dr. A. Krishnaswamy, Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics
and Dr. C. S. Nagaraja, Principal Scientist and Head, AICRP on Poultry Breeding for Meat,
Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru, have helped me in completion this work.
I am indebted and thankful to Dr. Shrikrishna Isloor, Associate Professor, Department of
Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru, for his constant and critical
guidance inspite of his busy schedule and also for his help in carrying out ELISA.
My special thanks are also to Dr. Shivakumar, Provimi Animal Nutrition India Pvt. Ltd.,
Bengaluru, India, for providing the vitamin E and selenium supplements for the present study and
Dr. Barmappa, H. K., for helping me in animal selection at the village of my study and in carrying
out the study.
I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to Dr. N. B. Shridhar, Associate Professor,
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, for his whole hearted support, timely
advice and willingness to offer suggestions when asked for.
v
My heartfelt thanks to my fellow colleagues Drs. Sunil Chandra, Ravikumar,
Kavitharani, Naveen Kumar, Jayakumar, Kantharaj, Yelagod, Gurikar, Madhusudan and Aanad
Padeyappanavar who have helped me directly and indirectly during my work.
Herewith my thanks are extended to Drs. Sudhakar, Ranjitha, Pradeep, Lankesh, Seema,
Mahesh Kadagi, Kiran, Dhananjaya, Veena, M. V., Veena, V., Megha, Tejaswi, Mallappa,
Shwetha and Chetan for their timely help and constant support.
I wish to express my thanks to Mr. Bhojaraja, Mr. Kemparudraiah, Mrs. Shanthamma
and Mrs. Jayalakshmi, the supporting staff of the department for their kind help during the study.
I am greatly indebted to Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University
for deputing me on to pursue higher studies.
I would also like to thank my parents, Smt. Basamma and Shri. Late Panchaxarayya, for
instilling in me the values of hard work and the drive to accomplish my goals. At this explicable
moment, my heartfelt thanks to my wife Mrs. Savitha for her constant encouragement and
invaluable and inexpressible moral support throughout the course of my study. My thanks are
also to my lovely kids Kumar Tanush and Kumari Trisha.
I cordially extend my thanks to my family members, Mr. Veeresh and Mrs. Sujatha,
Mr Virupoxaiah and Mrs. Geetanjali, Kumar Harshith, Kumar Arpith, Kumar Vrishank
Mr. Shambhulingaiah and Mrs. Drakshaini, Mr. Shivakumar Swamy and Mrs. Shailaja,
Mrs. Kavitha, Mr. Sachin, and Kumari Ruthvika without their wholehearted support this work
would not have been possible.

Bengaluru
May, 2015 (Gurubasayya P. Kalmath)

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CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE No.
I. INTRODUCTION 1 - 4
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5 - 74
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS 75 - 88
IV. RESULTS 89 - 128
V. DISCUSSION 129 - 154
VI. SUMMARY 155 - 161
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY 162 - 187
VIII. ABSTRACT 188
IX. APPENDICES 189 - 192

vii
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Title
No. No.
Mean ± SE values of monthly maximum and minimum temperature (ºC)
1. 90
and relative humidity during the study period
Mean ± SE values of monthly average temperature (ºC) and relative
2. 90
humidity during the study period
Mean ± SE values of temperature humidity index (THI) during the study
3. 90
period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of plasma heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) levels
4. 93
(ng/mL) in Hallikar cattle during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of erythrocyte catalase activity ( mol of H O /min/g
5. 2 2 93
of Hb) in Hallikar cattle during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity (units/g
6. 96
of Hb) in Hallikar cattle during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidise activity (units/g
7. 96
of Hb) in Hallikar cattle during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity
8. 100
(IU/L) in Hallikar cattle during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity
9. 100
(IU/L) in Hallikar cattle during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (IU/L) in
10. 103
Hallikar cattle during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of serum total protein (g/dL) level in Hallikar cattle
11. 105
during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of serum albumin level (g/dL) in Hallikar cattle during
12. 105
the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of serum globulin level (g/dL) in Hallikar cattle during
13. 109
the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of serum triglycerides (mg/dL) level in Hallikar cattle
14. 109
during the study period (n = 6)
viii
Table Page
Title
No. No.
Mean ± SE values of serum level of total cholesterol (mg/dL) in Hallikar
15. 112
cattle during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of serum HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) level in Hallikar
16. 112
cattle during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of serum LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) level in Hallikar
17. 116
cattle during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of serum VLDL cholesterol (mg/dL) level in Hallikar
18. 116
cattle during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of blood glucose level (mg/dl) in Hallikar cattle during
19. 119
the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of plasma triiodothyronine (ng/mL) level in Hallikar
20. 121
cattle during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of plasma thyroxine (ng/mL) level in Hallikar cattle
21. 121
during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of plasma cortisol (nmol/L) level in Hallikar cattle
22. 125
during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of plasma insulin ( IU/mL) level in Hallikar cattle
23. 125
during the study period (n = 6)
Mean ± SE values of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) level (g/dL) in Hallikar
24. 128
cattle during the study period (n = 6)

ix
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. Page
Title
No. No.
Plasma levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) in Hallikar cattle during
1. 94
the study period
2. Erythrocyte catalase activity in Hallikar cattle during the study period 94
Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in Hallikar cattle during
3. 97
the study period
Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in Hallikar cattle during
4. 97
the study period
Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in Hallikar cattle during
5. 101
the study period
Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in Hallikar cattle during
6. 101
the study period
Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in Hallikar cattle during the
7. 103
study period
8. Serum total protein levels in Hallikar cattle during the study period 106
9. Serum albumin levels in Hallikar cattle during the study period 106
10. Serum globulin levels in Hallikar cattle during the study period 110
11. Serum levels of triglycerides in Hallikar cattle during the study period 110
12. Serum total cholesterol levels in Hallikar cattle during the study period 113
13. Serum HDL cholesterol levels in Hallikar cattle during the study period 113
14. Serum LDL cholesterol levels in Hallikar cattle during the study period 117
15. Serum VLDL cholesterol levels in Hallikar cattle during the study period 117
16. Blood glucose levels in Hallikar cattle during the study period 119
17. Plasma levels of triiodothyronine in Hallikar cattle during the study period 122
18. Plasma levels of thyroxine in Hallikar cattle during the study period 122
19. Plasma cortisol levels in Hallikar cattle during the study period 126
20. Plasma insulin levels in Hallikar cattle during the study period 126
Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in Hallikar cattle during the study
21. 128
period
x