Studies on Compatibility of Trichoderma strains with Agrochemicals and their bioefficacy against ...

100 Pages·2017·2.06 MB·English

Studies on Compatibility of Trichoderma strains with
Agrochemicals and their bioefficacy against chickpea collar rot
pathogen (Sclerotium rolfsii)

THESIS

Submitted to the

Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya,

Gwalior

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE

In

AGRICULTURE

PLANT PATHOLOGY

by

SACHIN BAGHEL

Department of Plant Pathology

Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior
College of Agriculture, Indore (M.P.)

2015
CERTIFICATE - I

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Studies on Compatibility of

Trichoderma strains with Agrochemicals and their bioefficacy against chickpea
collar rot pathogen (Sclerotium rolfsii).” submitted in partial fulfillment of the Degree
of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE (Plant Pathology) of Rajmata Vijayaraje
Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior is a record of the bonafide research work
carried out by Ms.SACHIN BAGHEL under my guidance and supervision. The subject
of the thesis has been approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee and the Director
of Instruction.

No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma or
has been published. All the assistance and help received during the course of these
investigations has been acknowledged by the scholar.

Signature

(Dr. R.K. Singh)

Chairman of the Advisory Committee

MEMBER OF STUDENT’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE

1. Chairman ( Dr. R.K. Singh) :----------------------------
2. Member (Dr. S. P. Mishra) :-----------------------------
3. Member (Dr. R.K. Choudhary) :-----------------------------
CERTIFICATE – II

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Studies on Compatibility of

Trichoderma strains with Agrochemicals and their bioefficacy against chickpea
collar rot pathogen (Sclerotium rolfsii).” submitted by Mr. SACHIN BAGHEL to the

Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in AGRICULTURE in the
Department of Plant Pathology has been accepted after evaluation by the external
examiner and approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee after on oral examination
the same.

Signature

(Dr. R.K. Singh)
Chairman of Advisory Committee

MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE

1. Chairman (Dr. R.K. Singh) :------------------------
2. Member (Dr. S. P. Mishra) :------------------------
3. Member (Dr. R.K. Choudhary) :-------------------------
Head of the Department :----------------------------------------
Dean of the college :----------------------------------------
Director Instruction :----------------------------------------
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I praise God for enabling me to accomplish this great task of thesis work in
his grace for his glory. I find no words to express my sincere feelings of gratitude
towards my most esteemed guide and chairman of my advisory committee, Dr.
R.K. Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, College of
Agriculture, Indore, who deserves my most sincere thanks and respect for
inspiring and excellent guidance, contact, encouragement, unceasing interest,
constructive criticism and helping attitude throughout the investigation and
preparation of the manuscript.

I extend my sincere gratitude to other member of my advisory committee
Dr. S. P. Mishra, Professor Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture,
Indore and Dr. R.K.Choudhary , Senior Scientist, AICSIP, College of Agriculture,
Indore, for their suggestions and helping attitude during the research work.

With profound respect, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. A.
Krishna, Head section of plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Indore, (M.P)
for providing necessary facilities during the experiment.

With profound respect, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. A.K.
Singh, Hon‟ble Vice Chancellor RVSKVV Gwalior, Dr. R.L. Rajput, Director
Instructions (RVSKVV), Dr. H.S. Yadav, Director Research Services RVSKVV
and Dr. A. M. Rajput, Dean, College of Agriculture, Indore, (M.P) for providing
necessary facilities during the experiment.

I am also extremely thankful to Shri Shankar Choudhary, Lab technician,
and Shri Pradeep Chouhan, Department of Plant Pathology for extending the
help during my research work.

I thank to all my friends Naveen,Nilesh Jagdesh Patidar sir Shyam sir and
others, those helped me directly or indirectly during course of investigation.

I find no rhetorical gems from the ocean of word to express my pro-
founding feeling to most venerable father shri Divan Singh Baghel who was
always present in all of my good and the bad times. I also want to express my
profounding feelings to my loving brother Dashrath singh and family who has
piloted me up to this stage and whose love, devotion, blessing and care
throughout my life enabled me to achieve this seemingly invincible goal.

Place: Indore

Date: (Sachin Baghel)
LIST OF CONTENTS

S. N. Title Pages

1. Introduction 1 – 4

2. Review of Literature 05 – 16

3. Material and Methods 17 – 27

4. 28 – 52
Results

5. 53 – 58
Discussion

6. Summary, Conclusions and Suggestions for further

work

6.1 Summary 59 – 61

6.2 Conclusions 61 – 62

6.3 Suggestions for further work 63

References i – v

Appendix vi – ix

Vita
LIST OF TABLES

Page
S.N. Title Number

The formulated chemical name of herbicides used 20
3.1.5
along with their sources

3.1.6 The formulated chemical name of insecticides used 21

along with their sources

3.1.7 The formulated chemical name of botenicals used 22

along with their sources

4.3 Recovery of Trichoderma spp. from soils of 33

different districts of M.P. and rhizospheric zones of

different crops

Response of Trichoderma strains against butachlor
4.4.1(a) 34
at different concentrations

Response of Trichoderma strains against
4.4.1(b) 36
imizathyper at different concentrations

Response of Trichoderma strains against
4.4.1(c) 39
quizalofop at different concentrations

Total colony growth area of Trichoderma strains at
4.4.1(d)
different concentration of herbicides

Response of Trichoderma strains against
4.4.2(a) 45-46
dimethoate at different concentrations

Response of Trichoderma strains against
4.4.2(b) 51-52
imidacloprid at different concentrations

Response of Trichoderma strains against
4.4.2(c) 56-57
chlopyriphos at different concentrations

Total colony growth area of Trichoderma strains at
4.4.2(d)
different concentration of insecticide

Response of Trichoderma strains against neem oil
4.4.3(a)
at different concentrations

Response of Trichoderma strains against garlic oil
4.4.3(b) 60
at different concentrations

Total colony growth area of Trichoderma strains at
4.4.3(c) 62
different concentration of herbicides

Antagonistic potentiality of Trichoderma strains 65
4.5 against sclerotium rolfsii

4.6 Effect of different streins of Trichoderma on pre and 67
post mortality of chick pea against collar rot
LIST OF FIGURES

S. N. Title After
Pages

Radial growth of Trichoderma strains at different
4.1 concentration of butaclor 34

Radial growth of Trichoderma strains at different
4.2 36
concentration of imiathyper

Radial growth of Trichoderma strains at different
4.3 concentration of quizalofop 39

Radial growth of Trichoderma strains at different

4.4 concentration of dimethoate 46

Radial growth of Trichoderma strains at different

4.5 concentration of imidacloprid 52

Radial growth of Trichoderma strains at different
4.6 concentration of chlorpyriphos 58

Radial growth of Trichoderma strains at different
4.7 concentration of neem oil 60

Radial growth of Trichoderma strains at different
concentration of garlic oil
4.8 62

comprative antagonist potentially of Trichoderma strains
against sclerotium roflsii
4.9
LIST OF PLATES

Plate no. Title After

Pages

Cultural behavior of different strains of

1 Trichoderma (T1- T10) on PDA medium, 6 days 33

after inoculation

Cultural behavior of different strains of

Trichoderma (T11 – T20) on PDA medium, 6 days
2 33

after inoculation

Comparative tolerance ability of Trichoderma
3 36
strains in response of different herbicides at 500

Comparative tolerance ability of Trichoderma
4 36
strains in response of different herbicides at 1000

Comparative tolerance ability of Trichoderma
5 38
strains in response of different insecticide at 500

Comparative tolerance ability of Trichoderma
6 38
strains in response of different botenicals at 1000

Comparative antagonistic potentiality of
7 38
Trichoderma strains against Sclerotium rolfsii

Comparative bio efficacy of Trichoderma strains
8 38
against collar rot disease of chick pea
ABBREVIATIONS

S.N. Legends Description

14 % Per cent

13 0C Degrees Celsius
31 ANOVA Analysis of variance

30 C.V. Coefficient of variation

33 cal. Calculate

2 CD Critical difference

3 cfu Colony forming unit

4 cm Centimeter

29 CRD Completely Randomised Design

5 DF Degrees of freedom

21 EC Emulsifiable Concentrate

32 EMS Error means sum of square

6 et al. Allied (and other)

16 Fig. Figure

7 g Gram
-1
20 gl grams/ litre
8 i.e. That is (in reference to)

9 Kg Kilogram

10 mm. Millimeter

25 MSS Mean Sum of Square

15 No. Number

17 PDA Potato Dextrose Agar

19 ppm Parts Per Million

1 S.N. Serial number

27 S.S. Sum of Square

28 S.V. Source of variance

26 SE (m)± Standard error of mean

22 SL Suspendable liquid

11 spp.& sp. Species

34 tab. Tabulated

18 TSM Trichoderma specific medium

12 Viz., Wide list

23 WG Wettable granule

24 WS Water Soluble
CHAPTER – I

INTRODUCTION

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) a member of sub family papilinaceae (family
leguminaceae) originated from middle East subsequently spread to other countries
with arid/semi arid and sub tropical environment. The grains contain 17-22% protein,
60-64% carbohydrate and 3-4% fat is a rich source of vitamins and minerals. The
growing leaves of chickpea contain malic acid, which bear medicinal value in
intestinal disorders (Sindhu et al., 1974). Chickpea (C. arietinum L.) is the most
important pulse crop and India accounts for approximately 75% of world‟s chickpea
production. It occupies an area of 8 mha and its production is 7.1 mt with an average
productivity of 885 kg·ha−1 (Economic survey 2009-2010). It is an essential source
of inexpensive protein in many parts of the world for those who adhere to a
vegetarian diet.

Despite the high total production, yields of chickpea are low due to many biotic
and abiotic constraints. Among the biotic constraints more than 50 diseases have so
far been reported on chickpea . Among them soil borne diseases such as Fusarium
wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris), dry root rot (Rhizocotonia bataticola), collar
rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) and black root rot (Fusarium solani) are the major limiting
factors in chickpea production.

Collar rot is the major disease occurs in all chickpea growing areas of the Indian
subcontinent ,however recently dry root rot and wilt emerged as major threat to
chickpea production . These diseases have become more important in recent years
due to drastic climate change makes the crop more susceptible

The pathogen, S.rolfsii Sacc. is distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions of
the world where high temperatures prevail. The fungus has a wide host range of 500
species in about 100 families including groundnut, green bean, lima bean, onion,
garden bean, pepper, potato, sweet potato, tomato and water melon. The fungus S.
rolfsii produces abundant white fluffy, branched, septate mycelium with clamp
connections only on the main hyphae, which spread like a fan. Small white tufts were
formed on mycelium which later give rise to smooth, hard and dark brown sclerotia.
Sclerotia may be spherical or irregular in shape and at maturity resemble the
mustard seed. The structure of sclerotia was studied by several workers using
scanning electron microscopy. Each sclerotium is made up of three layers of an