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A & X ^ li ii A ii A U ii A V A li F i L L A !•
Thesis cu^ui otea x‘or e*AfailuatjLuii
toP tliC def;i^e of
doctor of i'hii.osopiiy
ui t.ic ouiversxty of JUmicm
m * .
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An abstract of the Thesis.
The title of the Taesia id studies 4a toe VaiW** adiya .
i^h&r trh s ri' s Vukyap&diya ie a uinjor work
in hansiirit lin g u istic s and its study is a lo n g -left
used. la the th e sis, some of the leading doctrines
discussed in cantos 1 sod XI of tne work are discussed,
and an attempt i^ade to correlate uieca to sou* modern
doctrines.
The four snap te re of the Tnesia are arranged
•uch as to give a picture of the system of the philosophy
of the hausarit grammarians. Ghapter 1 discusses the
doctrine of &9abda hraheaa, the Gupreue »ord-principle
iron which tue Universe of things sad names is evolved.
The Vedus, the bruhaanas uud the Up&nipads contain
references to Vak as a creative principle functioning in
»
association with P rajapatl. The doctriue of ofuoda
Brahman developed in la te r times by grammarians like
hhartfhari can he traced hack to these texts.
$ Cjujls fig ^ JClrriA —
In Chapter i i speech a^ a huuacm activ ity la
A
discussed. ivcrj, opeecxx-uult, such us the sentence,
tl**J werd or thtn le tte r has t«o elements Ov tixe phonetic
pattern idnvauij and t2; Uxe permanent speech-xriuciple
tBpUofa^ »aicn conveys toe meaning oaf u..e i t la «
primary upeech-aouud tP«hqrtaduvuui> ehich reveals U»
•phots aad tue utterance Its e lf anove the eyeater'e
,x;x‘iijut.j. variations ol sounds tvaXKftaduvaxil
Xu wiapter xXX txxe sentence is dnsciased as an
xnte. rux unit o»i tne speecn-level axxd as dx.viaj.ule on
the level oi iuterpretation. The controverslea on txxe
topic of the integral oature of the sentence on the
opeo oh-level and the relation uetwcexi tixe se.xtenoe and
the word tire diacuaaed*
Ottiitor iV diacueaee Uic word etui the ..>roi>lcyi
aooat it , u^ch a* the nature oi word-a* uaiag, the eUaa< e
iu ffi6iuiiog| cxaaaiiicati >u oi taoaniu^ aa p riory,
aecoudary aiid irtciocutai proper nanaa*
A tru iieiatiju oi ^uutoa i *ud n ^ the
^uiiyaptoUiya ie aieo inciuued iu tue TucaXfi«
c q a t e k i a ^
P r e f a c e .
E-A -.A ., 1 I
some d octrin es dlacuaued in the Vakyttpadlya.
CHAPTER OME : The word as the P irst P r in c ip le 1 - 9*
CHAPTER TWO i llie Spoken Word .................................. 10 - 19.
CHAPTER TixREBsTbe s e n te n c e ............................................... 20- 7$.
CHAPTER POUR :The W ord............................................................. 7V-1W .
I* ■ A R T X 1
The Vakyapadlya t Cantos 1 a 11.
A T ranslation.
___________________ _________________
TV>< VeRyapadiya, Canto Z ................................................. 1V1- 172.
The Vakyapadly a Canto XX ................................................... 17>»2d6.
f . A E T 111
Motea .......................................... ................................................ .... 2&7-> 76.
B ibliography .................................................................... $77~>31.
A b b rev ia tio n s.............................. >i;t,
•rreteot) ................................................................................. 3Sp.
F & £ I A C £
In the following pages are presented
come or the salien t doctrines of the banekrit
Grammarians as stated and discussed in Cantos
I and II of the V&kyapadlya or the celebrated
Crammerian bhartfhari. In selecting and
diuoeeaing topics lor discussion from Bhartyhari's
tex t, care has been taken to sec that the general
outline, with the fundamental doctrines, or
oan&krit Grammar as a system or Philosophy is
presented as a structural whole* Thus the order
in which the chapters are arranged follows the
arrangement or the gantos or the toxt as chosen
by bhartphari in developing his thought*
A translation or Cantoe 1 and XI pi the
Vakyapadiya is also given in Part XI or the_ Thesis.
Cxncl yc^V^wC^. wcHi Pu.ri y<xro^as Cororo-tmCa^y
lor translation/the edition or the VMkyepadiya by
^ A
Messrs. BraJ.b.Das & Co. at be mires (1&bf) is
foliowed*
I I
The value of authoritativesj commentaries like
V unyaraja'e, to % modern in terp reter pi such
d iffic u lt texts as the Vakyapadiya cannot ue over
estim ated. I wish ;therefore 7to state here ay
indebtedness to Puny&raja, although 1 have f in some
places9 taken a line d ifferen t from his*
I wish to express ay respectful gratitude to
rofeesor J.nrough, Heed of the Department of India,
Pakistan and Ceylonf and Professor J.iw P irth , head
of the Department of Phonetics and lin g u istic s,
uchool of O riental and African Utudies, who supervised
the whole of my work, for th eir kindness, encouragement
and supervision* 2 also wish to thank the other
members of the s ta ff;and students>of the school, with
whom I hutA hud useful discussions. X am also
thankful to the s ta ff of the hiurary of the behool and
of the h ritish kuseum for their kindness.
Dome doctrines discussed
in the
Vakyspadiytt*
the First Principle*
1
Trie 4 ora as tme lirst Principle*
The hib to rlcal ouCiiKfound.
TiiC search fo r an unifying principle 1b a common
feature jf most systems of Indian Philosophy. The
oamknya Philosophers thus arrived a t Puruea, the
iCnowing uaul which surveys tire functioning of a t ter
vPruia;ti/. Toe *; ouistic Vcdaatins postulated Brahman
as the ultima u> keality and worhed out, or rather worked
off the ..diverse from it. v<~ . . d iets who
scoffed at the ortnodox ideas of positive re a litie s
had to conceive tn eir Void as iLore or less to tale its
3
place. True, the idea was f ir s t conceived as s
negation of everything and thereby as a f t radiation of
the current ideas of positive unifying e n titie s ; but
la te r Buddhists did in terp ret th is rather vague idea of
early Buddhism as a more jr less positive e n tity .^
^ a
JauB&rit Gra-i'inrisus fer fro,.* Being satisfied
with dealing with ordinary facts of language and grammar,
extended the scope of their investigation to cover
ultiiaate metaphysical p rinciples. The postulation
of the concept of a supreme lom& - principle
