Steel Baseplate Connections with Ductile Anchors for the Improved Seismic Performance of ...

474 Pages·2016·22.26 MB·English

UC San Diego
UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Title
Steel Baseplate Connections with Ductile Anchors for the Improved Seismic Performance of
Structural Systems
Permalink
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vg3s3tv
Author
Trautner, Christopher Anderson
Publication Date
2016

Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation
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University of California
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
Steel Baseplate Connections with Ductile Anchors for the
Improved Seismic Performance of Structural Systems
A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
in
Structural Engineering
by
Christopher Anderson Trautner
Committee in charge:
Professor Tara Hutchinson, Chair
Professor Joel Conte
Professor José Restrepo
Profess or David Sandwell
Professor Peter Shearer
2016
Copyright
Christopher A. Trautner, 2016
All rights reserved.
The Dissertation of Christopher Anderson Trautner is approved, and it is acceptable in
quality and form for publication on microfilm:

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

________________________________________________
Chair

University of California, San Diego

2016
iii
DEDICATION

This dissertation is dedicated to my fiancée, Alanna, and to my parents, Ellen and Chris.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Signature Page.................................................................................................................iii
Dedication........................................................................................................................iv
Table of Contents..............................................................................................................v
List of Figures................................................................................................................viii
List of Tables.................................................................................................................xxi
Notation........................................................................................................................xxiv
Acknowledgements......................................................................................................xxix
Vita.............................................................................................................................xxxiii
Abstract of the Dissertation........................................................................................xxxvi
Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 State of the Art ........................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Design Code Approach in the United States .......................................................... 5
1.4 Motivation and Problem Statement ........................................................................ 7
1.5 Summary of Previous Research .............................................................................. 9
1.6 Synthesis of Existing Studies ............................................................................... 24
1.7 Scope and Organization of Dissertation ............................................................... 25
Chapter 2: Anchor Reference and Anchor Material Tensile Testing ............................. 27
2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 27
2.2 Tensile Test Series ................................................................................................ 27
2.3 Reference Test Series ........................................................................................... 54
2.4 Summary Remarks ............................................................................................... 74
v
2.5 Acknowledgement of Publications ....................................................................... 77
Chapter 3: Component Testing of Steel Column Baseplate Connections ...................... 78
3.1 Introduction and Motivation ................................................................................. 78
3.2 Experimental Design and Procedure .................................................................... 80
3.3 Damage Evolution and Limit States ..................................................................... 97
3.4 Data analysis and comparisons of hysteretic behavior ....................................... 106
3.5 Anchor Hole Size Effect ..................................................................................... 145
3.6 Relative Connection Component Strength Effect .............................................. 147
3.7 Overall test program comparisons ...................................................................... 157
3.8 Summary Remarks ............................................................................................. 163
3.9 Acknowledgement of Publications ..................................................................... 166
Chapter 4: Component-Level Numerical Analysis of Steel Column Baseplate
Connections .................................................................................................................. 167
4.1 Motivation and Scope ......................................................................................... 167
4.2 Model description ............................................................................................... 169
4.3 Scripting for Parametric Analysis ...................................................................... 176
4.4 Model Verification ............................................................................................. 178
4.5 Model Application and Design Examples .......................................................... 190
4.6 Summary Remarks ............................................................................................. 200
4.7 Acknowledgement of Publications ..................................................................... 201
Chapter 5: Dynamic Testing and Numerical Analysis of Systems Incorporating
Uplifting-Column, Ductile-Anchor Baseplate Connections ......................................... 202
5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 202
5.2 Experimental Setup and Construction ................................................................ 204
vi
5.3 Specimen Description and Design ...................................................................... 209
5.4 Test Results and Observations ............................................................................ 243
5.5 Numerical modeling ........................................................................................... 355
5.6 Simplified Analytical Method for Estimating Required Anchor Elongation for
Building and Nonbuilding Structures ....................................................................... 391
5.7 Summary Remarks ............................................................................................. 401
5.8 Acknowledgement of Publications ..................................................................... 406
Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................... 407
6.1 Summary of Research ......................................................................................... 407
6.2 Research Significance and Uniqueness .............................................................. 409
6.3 Key Results and Conclusions ............................................................................. 410
6.4 Recommendations for Future Research .............................................................. 415
References .................................................................................................................... 420
Appendix A: Keywords used in Axisymmetric Tension Test Model .......................... 428
Appendix B: Keywords used in Component FE Model ............................................... 429
Appendix C: Keywords from Dynamic Test FE Model ............................................... 430
Appendix D: Integration and Filtering of Dynamic Test Results ................................. 431

vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1: Examples of various types of baseplate connections ..................................... 1
Figure 1-2: Classification schemes for moment-frame steel column baseplate
connections ....................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 1-3: Comparison of connection performance with and without stretch length in
Maule Earthquake (from Soules et al. 2016) .................................................................... 5
Figure 1-4: Diagram of experimental specimen of Picard and Beaulieau (1985) .......... 13
Figure 1-5: Diagram of experimental specimen (from Asteneh et al., 1992) ................. 15
Figure 1-6: Proposed behavior-dependent model for baseplate connection design (from
Asteneh et. al., 1992) ...................................................................................................... 16
Figure 1-7: Diagram of lateral and vertical loading system used for W8x48 connection
tests (from Gomez et. al., 2010) ..................................................................................... 18
Figure 1-8: Elevation of test structure showing roller-type base supports (from Clough
and Huckelbridge 1977) ................................................................................................. 20
Figure 1-9: Schematics of test structure of Hucklebridge (1977) .................................. 22
Figure 1-10: Rocking concept of Midorikowa et al. (2006) ........................................... 23
Figure 2-1: Photograph of typical tension test setup showing well-defined free length 30
Figure 2-2: Definition of free length L and stretch length L ........................................ 31
f s
Figure 2-3: Typical force-displacement and stress-elongation response for 1 in. (25mm)
diameter samples, L =8 in. [203mm]: (a) F1554 Gr. 36 CW, (b) F1554 CW-A, (c)
s
F1554 HR, (d) A193 B7 ................................................................................................. 34
Figure 2-4: Typical fracture surfaces and regions of significant plastic flow: (a) F1554
Gr. 36 CW, (b) F1554 CW-A, (c) F1554 HR, and (d) A193 B7 .................................... 35
Figure 2-5: Undeformed and deformed threads ............................................................. 42
Figure 2-6: Nut failure data with bounds of prediction of first contact .......................... 42
Figure 2-7: Axisymmetric model of anchor tension tests .............................................. 47
Figure 2-8: Simulation of tensile test through fracture (contours show magnitude of
local plastic strain) .......................................................................................................... 47
viii
Figure 2-9: Location of reduction of area measurements ............................................... 48
Figure 2-10: Measured versus simulated reduction of area for D=1”, L =8” bars ........ 49
s
Figure 2-11: Results of thread sensitivity study for D=1" CW-A model ....................... 50
Figure 2-12: Relationship between deformation at fracture and stretch length for
different material types and diameters ........................................................................... 53
Figure 2-13: Typical reference test setup ....................................................................... 56
Figure 2-14: Photograph of cored & removed cast-in, smooth shank headed anchor with
measurements of reduction of area indicating de-bonding ............................................. 62
Figure 2-15: Force-displacement curves - all cast-in reference tests ............................. 64
Figure 2-16: Paste Intrusion Between Fender Washer and Structural Washer – Test
CIR1 ............................................................................................................................... 64
Figure 2-17: Force balance - development of shear in anchor threads ........................... 67
Figure 2-18: Diagram of UNC thread contours (from ASME B1.1 2003) .................... 69
Figure 2-19: Force-displacement data from cast-in and removable anchor reference tests
........................................................................................................................................ 71
Figure 2-20: Force-displacement data from all bonded anchor reference tests (CW-A,
cold-worked annealed steel) ........................................................................................... 72
Figure 2-21: Comparison of typical concrete surface condition following reference tests
........................................................................................................................................ 72
Figure 2-22: Force-displacement data from all 16mm undercut anchor reference tests 74
Figure 3-1: Connection test specimen drawings ............................................................ 83
Figure 3-2: Individual elevation diagrams of connection tests ...................................... 84
Figure 3-3: Photographs of connection test setup .......................................................... 87
Figure 3-4: Examples of cast-in anchors used in the test program (from left to right):
cast-in (fully threaded), cast-in (headed with smooth shank), and removable ............... 90
Figure 3-5: Displacement history of SAC Steel Protocol (from Krawinkler 2009) ....... 96
Figure 3-6: Displacement history of SAC Near-Fault Protocol (from Krawinkler 2009)
........................................................................................................................................ 96
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