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State Power in China, 900–1325
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State Power
in China,
900–1325
Edited by
Patricia Buckley Ebrey
and
Paul Jakov Smith
A China Program Book
University of Washington Press
Seattle and London
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State Power in China was supported by the China Studies Program, a division of the Henry M.
Jackson School of International Studies at the University of Washington, and by grants from
the Department of History at the University of Washington and the Office of the Provost at
Haverford College.
© 2016 by the University of Washington Press
Printed and bound in the United States of America
Composed in Minion Pro, typeface designed by Robert Slimbach
20 19 18 17 16 5 4 3 2 1
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
University of Washington Press
www.washington.edu/uwpress
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, 1947– | Smith, Paul J., 1947–
Title: State power in China, 900–1325 / edited by Patricia Buckley Ebrey and Paul Jakov Smith.
Description: Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Identifiers: lccn 2016001985 | isbn 9780295998107 (hardcover : acid-free paper)
Subjects: lcsh: China—History—Liao dynasty, 947–1125. | China—History—Song dynasty,
960–1279. | China—History—Jin dynasty, 1115–1234. | China—History—Yuan dynasty, 1260–
1368. | State, The—History—To 1500. | Power (Social sciences)—China—History—To 1500.
| Political culture—China—History—To 1500. | Literature and state—China—History—To
1500. | Civil-military relations—China—History—To 1500. | Social change—China—
History—To 1500.
Classification: lcc ds750.78 .s73 2016 | ddc 951/.024—dc23
lc record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016001985
The paper used in this publication is acid-free and meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed
Library Materials, ansi z39.48–1984. ∞
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Contents
Acknowledgments .............................................vii
Abbreviations Used in the Notes ................................. ix
Introduction
Paul Jakov Smith and Patricia Buckley Ebrey ........... 3
Part 1: The Ruling House
1 Invoking Higher Authorities: Song Taizong’s Quest for Imperial
Legitimacy and Its Architectural Legacy
Tracy Miller .............................................. 29
2 Cao Xun and the Legend of Emperor Taizu’s Oath
Charles Hartman ......................................... 62
Part 2: The Literati and the Political System
3 Governing a Multicentered Empire: Prefects and Their Networks
in the 1040s and 1210s
Song Chen .................................................101
4 Anatomies of Reform: The Qingli-Era Reforms of Fan Zhongyan
and the New Policies of Wang Anshi Compared
Paul Jakov Smith ..........................................153
5 Bureaucratic Politics and Commemorative Biography:
The Epitaphs of Fan Zhongyan
Cong Ellen Zhang ........................................192
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Part 3: Statecraft Theory
6 Northern Song Reformist Thought and Its Sources: Wang Anshi
and Mencius
Li Huarui ................................................. 219
7 Debates on Just Taxation in Ma Duanlin’s Comprehensive Survey
Jaeyoon Song ............................................ 244
Part 4: State Power in Practice
8 Soldier Mutinies and Resistance during the Northern Song
Elad Alyagon ............................................ 277
9 State-Forced Relocations in China, 900–1300
Patricia Buckley Ebrey ................................. 307
Glossary of Chinese Characters ................................. 341
Contributors ................................................ 351
Index ...................................................... 353
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Acknowledgments
The essays in this volume have their origin in the Confer-
ence on Middle Period China, 800– 1400, held at Harvard in June 2014.
Organization of the conference began two years earlier when Peter Bol
and Patricia Ebrey put out a call for paper proposals for an international,
interdisciplinary conference on ninth- through thirteenth-century China.
The response to this call went beyond all expectations. In the end, nearly two
hundred people came together to discuss 154 precirculated papers. These
papers covered the gamut of current academic research, from poetic imag-
ery to the circulation of money, local elites to tomb decoration, interstate
interactions to religious practices. This book draws from papers originally
presented at the conference, selected for the contribution they make to our
understanding of state power. Some of the other papers will appear in other
thematic volumes.
The authors and editors wish to express our gratitude to those who funded
the conference, including the Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation and several
units at Harvard (the Fairbank Center for China Studies, the Harvard-
Yenching Institute, the Weatherhead Center, and the Asia Center), with
smaller contributions by the Journal of Song-Yuan Studies and the China
Studies Program of the University of Washington. We would particularly
like to thank those who commented on or moderated discussion of the
earlier versions of these papers. They included Sarah Allen, Phillip Bloom,
Peter Bol, Stephen Boyanton, Michael Brose, Hui Yu Cheung, Hugh Clark,
Xiaonan Deng, Huanli Ge, Robert Hymes, Tomoyasu Iiyama, Takamichi
Kobayashi, Martin Kroher, Chang Woei Ong, Sarah Schneewind, Anna
Shields, Jimin Sun, and Wai Lun Tam. They all helped us see the significance
of our evidence and arguments. At the University of Washington, Peyton
Canary also deserves thanks for his assistance with the preparation of the
manuscript and the translation of the essay by Li Huarui.
vii
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Abbreviations Used in the Notes
CB Xu zizhi tongjian changbian 續資治通鑒長編, by Li Tao 李燾 (1115–
1184). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1985.
CBBM Huang Song Tongjian changbian jishi benmo 皇宋通鑑長編紀事本末,
by Yang Zhongliang 楊仲良 (fl. ca. 1170–1230). Harbin: Heilongjiang
renmin chubanshe, 2006.
FZTJ Fozu tongji 佛祖統紀, edited by Zhi Pan 志磐 (fl. 1269). In Taishō
shinshū daizōkyō 大正新修大藏經. Tokyo: Taishō Issaikyō Kankōkai,
1929–34. Taibei: Xinwenfeng reprint edition, 1983–87.
LS Liao shi 遼史, edited by Tuo Tuo 脫脫 (1313–1355) et al. Beijing:
Zhonghua shuju, 1974.
QSW Quan Song wen 全宋文, edited by Zeng Zaozhuang 曾棗莊 et al.
Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2006.
SCBMHB Sanchao beimeng huibian 三朝北盟會編, by Xu Mengxin 徐夢莘
(1126–1207). See chapter reference list for edition used.
SHY Song huiyao jigao 宋會要輯稿, compiled by Xu Song 徐松 (1781–1848)
et al. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1957.
SS Song shi 宋史, edited by Tuo Tuo 脫脫 (1313–1355) et al. Beijing:
Zhonghua shuju 1977.
SSJW Sushui jiwen 涑水記聞, by Sima Guang 司馬光 (1019–1086). Vol. 7,
part 1, 2003. Reprint, Zhengzhou: Daxiang chuban she, 2008.
WXTK Wenxian tongkao 文獻通考, by Ma Duanlin 馬端臨 (ca. 1254–1323).
Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2011.
ix
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