Table Of ContentSPAIN AND THE RECONSTRUCTION
OF WESTERN EUROPE, 1945-57
ST ANTONY'S SERIES
General Editors: Alex Pravda (1993-97), Eugene Rogan (1997-), both
Fellows ofSt Antony's College, Oxford
Recent titles include:
Mark Brzezinski
THE STRUGGLE FOR CONSTITUTIONALISM IN POLAND
Peter Carey (editor)
BURMA
Stephanie Po-yin Chung
CHINESE BUSINESS GROUPS IN HONG KONG AND POLITICAL
CHANGE IN SOUTH CHINA, 1900-25
Ra1f Dahrendorf
AFTER 1989
Alex Danchev
ON SPECIALNESS
Roland Dannreuther
THE SOVIET UNION AND THE PLO
N oreena Hertz
RUSSIAN BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS IN THE WAKE OF REFORM
Iftikhar H. Malik
STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN PAKISTAN
Steven McGuire
AIRBUS INDUSTRIE
Yossi Shain and Aharon Klieman (editors)
DEMOCRACY
William J. Tompson
KHRUSHCHEV
Marguerite Wells
JAPANESE HUMOUR
St Antony's Series
Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-71109-S
(outside North America only)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with
your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above.
Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
Spain and the
Reconstruction of
Western Europe,
1945-57
Challenge and Response
Fernando Guirao
Jean Monnet Professor ofH istory
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Barcelona
Spain
in association with
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
First published in Great Britain 1998 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-349-40270-0 ISBN 978-0-230-37391-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230373914
First published in the United States of America 1998 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-21291-9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Guirao, Fernando, 1962-
Spain and the reconstruction of Western Europe, 1945-57:
challenge and response I Fernando Guirao.
p. em.-(St. Antony's series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-312-21291-9
1. Spain-Foreign economic relations-Europe, Western. 2. Europe,
Western-Foreign economic relations-Spain. 3. Spain-Politics and
govemment-1939-1975. I. Title. II. Series.
HF1570.5.E85D85 1998
337.4604--dc21 97-32313
CIP
© Fernando Guirao Pifieyro 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 978-0-333-71078-4
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made
without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with
written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by
the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WI P 9HE.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to
criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance
with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and
sustained forest sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I
07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98
Stupefatto del mondo mi giunse un' eta
che tiravo dei pugni nell'aria e piangevo da solo.
Ascoltare i discorsi di uomini e donne
e
non sapendo rispondere, poca allegria.
e
Ma anche questa passata: non sono pili solo
e, se non so rispondere, so fame a me no.
Ho trovato compagni trovando me stesso.
Cesare Pavese, Antenati
To A., a bit too late and toP., right on time.
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
List ofTables and Figures ix
Acknowledgements xii
List ofA bbreviations and Acronyms xiv
Key to Archival References XV
Introduction 9
PART I TRADE VERSUS POLITICAL DISCRIMINATION, 1945-7
Spain's Contribution toWe st European Economic
Relief and [Early Phase of] Reconstruction 9
2 The Exigencies of French and British Economic
Reconstruction 23
3 Trade versus Politics: An Instructive Debate 35
PART II RARA A VIS: SPAIN AND THE MARSHALL PLAN,
1947-8
4 Import Requirements for National
Reconstruction and Modernization 57
5 Spain's Limited Financial Resources 86
6 Was there an Alternative Course of Action? 107
PART III BILATERALISM WITHIN A MULTILATERAL
CONTEXT, 1949TOMID-1950s
7 Avoiding the Collapse of Spain's Bilateral
Trade Channels 131
8 Financial Diplomacy: Spain and
the European Payments Union 171
vii
viii Contents
Concluding Remarks 189
Notes to Chapters 207
Bibliography 228
Index 235
List of Tables and Figures
1 Spain's trade with main commercial partners, 1935-57
(in percentages) 2
3.1 Spain's export trade by principal countries oflast
consignment, 1945-7 (fob in millions of gold pesetas) 38
3.2 Spain's imports by principal OEEC countries and
the United States, 1945-7 (c if in gold pesetas) 39
3.3 Spain's imports in 1929 (imports cif in millions of
gold pesetas and in percentages) 41
3.4 Financial losses for French industry, 1946
(in millions of French francs) 43
3.5 British imports from and exports to Spain,
1945-7 (value in sterling) 45
3.6 US European economic and military assistance in
the postwar period of relief, 1946-8 (in millions of dollars) 47
3.7 Spain's foreign currency reserves in 1944-6
(position on 31 December, in pesetas) 50
4.1 Necessary imports for Spain's economic reconstruction,
first and second drafts, summer 194 7 (henceforth referred
to as Import Program) 62
4.2 Broad gauge rolling stock, 1936-47 74
5.1 Spain's reserves of main trading currencies, autumn 1947 87
5.2 Spain's trade with USA, 1943-7
(in millions of gold pesetas) 89
5.3 Inter-bank credits and government loans
granted to Spain, 1945-7 94
5.4 Earnings of foreign exchange by
export commodity groups, 1946-7 (in pesetas) 99
5.5 Estimates of Spain's balance of payments on
the basis of hypothetical US assistance
(in millions of dollars at 1947 prices) 102
5.6 Allocation of foreign exchange resources for
the first half of 1948 (in millions of dollars) 104
5.7 Spain's earnings by monetary areas of origin,
provisions for the first half of 1948
(in percentage over total earnings) 104
6.1 Spain's potential contribution to Europe's recovery,
export period 1947-8 (in thousands of metric tons) 109
ix
