south-south and triangular cooperation academy

468 Pages·2016·4.99 MB·English

by  Ippolito, Alessandro

SOUTH-SOUTH AND TRIANGULAR
COOPERATION ACADEMY
A compilation of short South-South Cooperation
articles for the “South-South and Triangular
Cooperation Academy” (Turin, July, 2016)
Academy South-South and Triangular Cooperation 2016 – Articles and Good Practices

Contents
Module 1: SSTC and SDGs ......................................................................................................... 6
Canares, M. South-South and Triangular Cooperation and the Role of Data in the Sustainable Development Goals
.................................................................................................................................................. 6
Dash, A., Managing for Development Results in Decent Work through SSTC: ILO’s Challenges for the Agenda 2030
.................................................................................................................................................. 9
Karthikikeyan, M. SSTC AND SDGs: GOOD PRACTICES FROM ETHIOPIA ................................ 12
Leiva, G. Cooperación Sur-Sur Triangular en Chile ................................................................. 14
Lund, J. Transfer of Social Technology: Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) and Brazil’s South-South
cooperation with Africa .......................................................................................................... 18
Martinez, I. The potential contributions of South-South Cooperation to the Sustainable Development Goals 22
Ouedrago, A. Expérience avec le BIT et coopération Sud-Sud............................................... 24
Ramirez, J. ¿Será posible? Movilizar recursos y el desafío de las nuevas oportunidades en la Cooperación Sur-Sur y
Triangular. ............................................................................................................................... 27
Rocha Mattos, D: The 2030 Development Agenda under the perspective of the South-South and triangular
cooperation and the Social and Solidarity Economy .............................................................. 31
Salinas, L. Chile y la cooperación sur-sur y triangular. El caso de la cooperación para mejorar las condiciones de
empleabilidad de jóvenes en situación de vulnerabilidad en la República Dominicana ........ 41
Stahl, Anna Katharina, Development Cooperation in a Changing Global Context: Rethinking Triangular
Cooperation ............................................................................................................................ 44
Jaya, V. Indonesia’s South-South and Triangular Initiatives: Contributing to Southern Countries Capacity
Development ........................................................................................................................... 48
Weixia, L. Promote China-ASEAN Cooperation in Occupational Safety and Health through Training Program on
Chinese Occupational Safety and Health Management System ............................................. 52
Xiadong, Yao. The Sustainable Technical Action of China: On Promoting Of South-South Cooperation 55
Module 2: La lucha contra el trabajo infantil, la trata y la esclavitud moderna y CSST ................................... 58
Castillo, Carmen. La Cooperación Sur-Sur: Una respuesta al flagelo del trabajo infantil ...... 59
Diallo, A. Article sur la coopération Sud-Sud –Le Travail des Enfants ................................... 61
Gomes, J. Academia Sobre a Cooperação Sul- Sul e Triangular .............................................. 62
Kyaligonza, B. Disguised Child Labor in the Eastern Africa Region ......................................... 65
Loritz, E. Del taller clandestino a la cooperativa textil-- Una trama virtuosa de Cooperación Sur- Sur desde abajo
................................................................................................................................................ 68
Pivotte-Cyrus, E. The Elimination of Child Labour and SSTC ................................................... 73
Qureshi, U. Child Labor in Pakistan and Linkages with SSTC .................................................. 74
Sosa, N. Propuesta de Intercambio entre el Ministerio de Trabajo de Colombia y el Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y
Seguridad Social de Paraguay ................................................................................................. 76
Silva, K. O Trabalho Infantil em Angola ................................................................................... 79
Module 3: Job creation, Climate Change and Just Transitions in the framework of SSTC ..... 81
1
Agbénozan, K. Coopération Sud-Sud et triangulaire, création d’emploi et formation professionnelle. Quelle utilité
pour les pays africains ? Cas du Togo..................................................................................... 81
Chinguwo, P. Job Creation, Environment and Sustainable Development .............................. 91
Deveaux, I. South-South Cooperation: A critical component to Climate Change Mitigation in The Caribbean 93
Ghosh, S. Forest Investment Program (FIP), Women Empowerment and South-South Cooperation: An Asian
Perspective. ............................................................................................................................. 96
Ghader, A. Expérience avec le BIT et coopération Sud-Sud.................................................. 101
Gueye, M., Amorim, A., South-South Cooperation, Climate Change and Green Jobs: an ILO Perspective 105
Kimanzi, N. South-South and triangular cooperation as a mechanism for attaining sustainable development goals
.............................................................................................................................................. 108
Ramjuthan, N. Triangular Cooperation between South Africa, Mozambique and Flanders to boost capacity
development in the Port Sector. ........................................................................................... 110
Sotomayor, B. Sustainable Development Goals and the Role of South-South Cooperation: Perspectives from Peru.
.............................................................................................................................................. 112
Module 4: City-to-City Cooperation and LED ........................................................................ 116
MIDES: Fortalecimiento a Emprendimientos Productivos liderados por personas en situación de vulnerabilidad
socio económica. Articulación con Argentina ....................................................................... 117
Arce, Roxana.La dimensión del dialogo social expresado en algunas experiencias de Cooperación Sur-Sur y
Triangular entre Argentina y Cuba. ....................................................................................... 121
Bravo Vera, Patricio. PERSPECTIVAS DE LA COOPERACION SUR-SUR Y TRIANGULAR A LA AGROECOLOGIA EN EL
MARCO DE LA ECONOMIA SOCIAL Y SOLIDARIA................................................................... 123
Choudhary, N. Informal workers’ organizing and SSE: An agenda for SSTC ........................ 126
Cohen, C. O Cooperativismo e a Cooperação Lusófona ....................................................... 129
Delgado Noguera, A. Cooperación sur – sur: Politicas de desarrollo Economico local y ordenamiento territorial en
ciudades intermedias de America Latina .............................................................................. 130
Díaz de la Vega Suárez, V. Cooperación entre ciudades y desarrollo económico local-- Perú134
Ferreira, A. Desenvolvimento económico e social local em sãotomé e príncipe-- Boa prática de agricultura
biológica ................................................................................................................................ 136
Ferreira, D. Economia Solidária como estratégia de Desenvolvimento Territorial: Papel da Universidade Pública e
possibilidades no contexto da cooperação Sul-Sul ............................................................... 141
González Vázquez, M., Fodde M. & Gilles, V. Experiencia de trabajo cooperación Sur-Sur y sus implicancias sobre
los programas de EmProRed ................................................................................................. 142
Höfling, D. Possibilidades de Financiamento e Cooperação entre países do Eixo Sul-Sul visando o Desenvolvimento
Econômico Local Sustentável e a Geração de Trabalho Decente ......................................... 145
Kelemu Melaku, T. Local Economic Development in Ethiopia .............................................. 148
Lipa Cano, L. Proyecto Triangular: Perú- Guatemala-Alemania: “Mejora de la Gestión Tributaria Local en
Guatemala” ........................................................................................................................... 153
Menezes Neto, J. Intensificar e fortalecer a cooperação entre Brasil e Moçambique, tendo como referência um
Programa de Educação Profissional, a partir da parceria igualitária baseada na solidariedade, na partilha de
conhecimentos e experiências e na formação e transferência de tecnologia; .................... 157
2
Nagao Menezes, D. Cooperação triangular sul-sul – entraves jurídicos para a criação de redes de cooperação 161
Pereira Morais, L. Cooperação Sul-Sul e triangular, eliminação do trabalho forçado e do trabalho infantil e
desenvolvimento econômico local (DEL): oportunidades para se pensar a cooperação entre países do Sul a partir
da experiência brasileira da produção de óleo de palma no estado do Pará ....................... 165
Pinto, C., Agenda 2030 – O Contributo da Economia Social e da Cooperação Sul-Sul e Triangular 175
Quiñones Jr, B. SSTC: A Vehicle for mainstreaming the SSE life learning community in ASEAN175
Rocha Mattos, D. The 2030 Development Agenda under the perspective of the South-South and triangular
cooperation and the Social and Solidarity Economy ............................................................ 182
Rosandiski, E. Legado da atuação da Cooperativas sem Fronteiras (CSF) para promoção da Sustentabilidade e do
Desenvolvimento Local ......................................................................................................... 192
Rossi, A. COOPERAÇÃO ENTRE CIDADES E PROCESSOS INOVADORES DE GESTÃO ............. 195
Santos, J. O Papel da rede Lusófona de desenvolvimento e da ess e das redes nacionais no espaço CPLP 200
Shekar, C. South-South Initiative-- Job Creation & Social & Solidarity Economy-- INDIA / INTUC 201
Schiochet, V. Economia solidária. Políticas públicas e cooperação sul-sul para promoção do cooperativismo social.
.............................................................................................................................................. 204
SEGHIER, S. UPM et la Coopération Sud Sud ........................................................................ 210
Villegas Román, H. Economía Social Solidaria en Costa Rica: Un caso de estudio para la Cooperación Sur-Sur y
Triangular .............................................................................................................................. 213
Viloria, J. Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), for the Rural Economy on South- South Cooperation & Social
and Solidarity Economy ........................................................................................................ 218
Module 5: SPF and Public employment programmes: a South-South Perspective .............. 221
Aziz Camara, A. La protection sociale au Sénégal : état des lieux et extension aux travailleuses et travailleurs de
l’économie informelle. .......................................................................................................... 221
Basso, E. Artigo sobre Cooperação Sul-Sul na questão da Proteção Social .......................... 238
Dias, F. O Mutualismo como uma Ferramenta de Orientação Pedagógica e de Estabilização Social, provável, para
os Países da CEDEAO, na base da Cooperação Sul-Sul ......................................................... 241
Lund, J. Transfer of Social Technology-- Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) and Brazil’s South-South
cooperation with Africa ........................................................................................................ 249
Prado, V. Cooperação Sul – Sul: Proteção Social, Emprego Público e a Equidade de Gênero.253
Rija, A. General Agreement Cooperation (GAC) entre KTC à Kissi Kenya, ATTI à Mbeya Tanzanie, MELTC à Mbale
Ouganda et le CF HIMO à Antsirabe Madagascar depuis 2012. ........................................... 256
Module 6: Articles on Fragile-to-Fragile Cooperation .......................................................... 259
Bah, A: La coopération Sud-Sud et triangulaire avec les travailleurs domestiques ............. 260
Cruciani, A. Amorim, A.: Fragile-to-Fragile Cooperation and the ILO ................................... 261
Fakhri. K, C: Fragile-to-Fragile Cooperation and South – South Cooperation: two means necessary for the
development of SSE .............................................................................................................. 263
Soares, M: South-South and Triangular Cooperation (SSTC) and Fragile-to-Fragile Cooperation (F2F) in the
reshaping of International System: new forms of resistance .............................................. 264
Module 7: Social Dialogue and SSTC ..................................................................................... 267
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Ansah, F: Social dialogue as a mean to promote international working class solidarity ...... 268
Anselmo, E. Diálogo Social: Contribuindo para o desenvolvimento do emprego e do trabalho decente para a Paz e
resiliência ............................................................................................................................. 270
Arce, R: La dimensión del dialogo social expresado en algunas experiencias de Cooperación Sur-Sur y Triangular
entre Argentina y Cuba ......................................................................................................... 273
Camara, A. « La protection sociale au Sénégal : état des lieux et extension aux travailleuses et travailleurs de
l’économie informelle ». ....................................................................................................... 275
Chinguwo P: Job Creation, Environment and Sustainable Development ........................... 295
Consolo, H: Dialogo Social em Moçambique ........................................................................ 298
Griffin, K.N: Social Dialogue: The role of social partners in promoting and supporting South-South and Triangular
Cooperation as demonstrated between The Commonwealth of The Bahamas and Barbados312
Leiva, G: DIALOGO SOCIAL y Cooperación Sur ...................................................................... 314
Melli, A.P: COOPERAÇÃO TRIANGULAR-BRASIL – ESTADOS UNIDOS – MOÇAMBIQUE FORTALECIMENTO DA
ORGANIZAÇÃO SINDICAL DOS VENDEDORES E VENDEDORAS DO MERCADO INFORMAL DE MOÇAMBIQUE 317
Monteiro, R., Cooperação Sul-Sul, a Política Externa Brasileira e os Desafios da Sociedade Civil 320
Nadir, M: L’impact Du Changement Climatique Sur La Coopération Sud-Sud Et Triangulaire : Cas Du Maroc En
Afrique .................................................................................................................................. 323
Nhancale, N.V.E: Redução do impacto das mudanças climáticas em Moçambique ............ 328
Ortiz, J: El dialogo social en la República Dominicana .......................................................... 330
Chandra Shekar, R.D: South-South Initiative ....................................................................... 334
MODULE 8 – Migración Laboral y CSST ................................................................................. 337
Bah, A : La Coopération Sud-Sud et Triangulaire avec les travailleurs ................................. 337
De Almeida, P.S: A migração internacional e a cooperação Sul-Sul na America Latina” ...... 338
Diop, G: La protection des droits des travailleurs migrants en Mauritanie et au Sénégal » 340
Gomis, J.L: LA Migration de Travail Vecteur de coopération SUD-SUD ................................ 342
Guittey, L: B onne pratique de cooperation sud-sud en matiere de lutte contre la traite et le travail des enfants
345
Loritz, E: Del taller clandestino a la cooperativa textil, Una trama virtuosa de Cooperación Sur- Sur desde abajo 348
Mourad, L. Agenda de trabalho decente no brasil: reflexões sobre as políticas de migração354
- Salinas Asesora, A.M.L: Cooperación sur – sur y triangular: el papel del Ministerio de Trabajo de Colombia 357
Sandoval Sigüenza, A.J: Artículo sobre la cooperación sur-sur guatemala-estados unidos mexicanos (migración
laboral) ................................................................................................................................. 361
MODULE 9: South-South and Triangular Cooperation and PPP ........................................... 365
Alaoui Solaimani, Y.: La coopération Sud- Sud et triangulaire, sacrée histoire ................... 365
Gosh, S.K: Review of the Role of Business Firms in Implementing MDGs in Asia and a Case Study of Partnership
between Academic Institution and Business firm (an example of SSTC).............................. 368
Hernandez, E: Participación Del Sector Privado En La Erradicación Del Trabajo Infantil En Colombia: Un Caso
Exitoso De Cooperación Sur-Sur .......................................................................................... 376
Module 10: Virtual Environment .......................................................................................... 380
4
Pires Baptista, F.C: The Internet as a means to enhance South-South and Triangular Cooperation in Decent Work
and Sustainable Development .............................................................................................. 380
ILO staff views and good practices on SSTC ...................................................................................................................383
Barreto, F: ILO Staff contribution with articles to the Academy on South-South and Triangular Cooperation 383
Barreto, F. Programa de Alianza Brasil-OIT Para La Promoción de la Cooperación Sur-Sur . 390
Barroeta, F. Chantier Ecole d’entretien ................................................................................ 395
Denkers, N., HACIA LA PRIMERA GENERACION LIBRE DE TRABAJO INFANTIL EN AMERICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE PARA
2025 ...................................................................................................................................... 398
(2013- 2018) .......................................................................................................................... 398
Fantoni, F. SOUTH-SOUTH INITIATIVES in 2014-15 ............................................................... 406
Ferraz, E. Initiative to combat child labour in Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador and Paraguay: collaborating with the
reorganization of the labour inspection system and with the training of new inspectors .. 409
Fortuna, F. Governança local e a promoção dos direitos dos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras migrantes: a
experiência da Coordenação de Políticas para Imigrantes do Município de São Paulo (CPMig – SP) 413
Gilani, S. South-Asia Labour Conference .............................................................................. 418
Tun, S. ILO-China South-South Cooperation Project to Expand Employment Services and Enhance Labour Market
Information in Cambodia and Lao PDR ................................................................................. 422
Leechanavanichpan, R. Singapore – ILO Partnership: South- South..................................... 428
Maiga, A., Projet d’Appui sino-congolais de développement du secteur privé ................... 431
Rajbanshi, J. The Republic of Korea’s Employment Permit System ...................................... 433
Sampaio, C. O fortalecimento das políticas brasileiras de migração por meio do diálogo social tripartite (e
ampliado): avanços do Conselho Nacional de Imigração (CNIg) .......................................... 435
Surina, J. Get formal, be successful: Supporting the transition to formality of youth-led enterprises in Azerbaijan
.............................................................................................................................................. 441
Surina, J. Testing Innovative Approaches: Voluntary Peer Review of Youth Employment Policies 442
Tavares, N. Apoio à melhoria do sistema de Segurança Social através da colaboração na aplicação de novas
tecnologias – Cabo Verde e Guiné-Bissau (STEP/Portugal: informatização da Segurança Social) 445
Combined Bibliographical References .................................................................................. 448

5
Module 1: SSTC and SDGs

Canares, M. South-South and Triangular Cooperation and the Role of Data in the
Sustainable Development Goals1

Sustainable Development Goals and Citizen’s Access to Data

The recently launched Sustainable Development Goals2 (SDGs) highlight the need for public access to information as a building
block for promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for development. Goal number 16, which aims to “promote peaceful and
inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, and inclusive
institutions at all levels” defines at least three targets that are at the core of transparent and accountable governments. Targets
16.6 (develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels), 16.7(Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and
representative decision-making at all levels) and 16.10 (Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms,
in accordance with national legislation and international agreements) underscore the importance of information platforms that
would make governments more effective, transparent, and accountable, as well as ensure that citizens participate in governance
processes.

As a response to wider challenges in monitoring progress of the SDGs, the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data3
was created as a “global network of governments, NGOs, and businesses, working together to strengthen the inclusivity, trust,
and innovation, in the way that data is used to address the world’s sustainable development efforts” (GPSDD, 2015). This is a
concrete acknowledgement that without reforming data collection, aggregation, and analysis processes, ascertaining whether or
not countries are able to achieve SDG commitments will be a difficult task.

The United Nations, in a report4 highlighting the need for a data revolution argued that “Data are the lifeblood of decision-making
and the raw material for accountability. Without high-quality data providing the right information on the right things at the right
time; designing, monitoring and evaluating effective policies becomes almost impossible” (UN, 2014:2). As this is a gigantic task,
it was argued that people need to have access to the data, not just governments and decision-makers, so that all people will be
able to “monitor progress, hold governments accountable, and foster sustainable development” (UN, 2014:2). Hence, the call for
data to be open is sounded, so that different stakeholders are able to access the data and use them for various purposes and
contribute to the achievement of the SDGs.

In line with this, the International Open Data Charter5 was launched in 2015, subscribed to by governments, civil society, and the
private sector from both the global north and the global south, in order to lay down the principles in ensuring citizens’ access to
data that matters most to their lives.

The principles state that data should be made open, timely and comprehensive, accessible and usable by people, to improve
governance and citizen engagement and achieve inclusive development and innovation. In the last couple of years, a wave of
interventions were seen globally in harnessing the power of open data6 to achieve economic, social, and political outcomes, led
by northern countries as the US and UK – and this resulted to economic gains (e.g new businesses), more effective service delivery
(e.g. better roads due to monitoring), improved transparency and accountability (e.g. transparent procurement processes), and
increased political participation (e.g. public reporting mechanisms).

1 Michael P. Canares
Regional Research Manager for Asia
Open Data Lab Jakarta/World Wide Web Foundation
[email protected]

2 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics
3 http://www.data4sdgs.org/
4 http://www.undatarevolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/A-World-That-Counts.pdf
5 http://opendatacharter.net/
6 http://opendefinition.org/
6
The Uneven State of Data across the Globe

But the state of data, much more openness of data globally, is uneven. According to the most recent Open Data Barometer7 (ODB),
a measurement index that looks into the readiness (i.e. How prepared are governments for open data initiatives? What policies
are in place?), implementation (i.e. Are governments putting their commitments into practice?) and impact (Is open government
data being used in ways that bring practical benefit?), data openness is highest in countries in the global north, and problematic
with countries in the global south.

More particularly, 26 of the 30 top countries in the ODB are high-income countries, while those at the bottom are composed
largely of African countries classified as least developed. In several countries in developing Asia, political support for open data is
weak, and government funding for technology and open data initiatives are insufficient. This is exacerbated by the absence of
legal frameworks that would support data disclosure and free use by citizens. On the other hand, Africa is lagging behind in terms
of open data use, implementation, and impact, as compared to other regions.

It is interesting to note that very few high value data sets are publicly open. As reported by the ODB, only two countries publish
acceptable detailed open public spending data. Legislation data is only available in four countries, and land data is only available
in five countries out of the 92 countries ranked. Data on health, environment, and education, those that directly relate to the
SDGs are only available as open data in less than 20 percent of countries though they are available in some form online.

The Role of South-South and Triangular Cooperation (SSTC)

This disparity in data quality and openness needs a certain frame of cooperation that would help improve data quality and
openness across the developing world. This frame of cooperation has to acknowledge that developing countries are at different
starting points while at the same time acknowledge that these countries can learn from the experiences of advanced economies.
For example, countries like Indonesia and the Philippines, with more or less the same institutional arrangements in terms of open
data initiatives can learn from each other while at the same time emulate the practices of advanced countries like South Korea
and Australia. In this context, south-south triangular cooperation (SSTC) is important and critical.

SSTC, as defined by the International Labour Organization is a “collaboration between two or more developing countries that is
guided by the principles of solidarity and non-conditionality, aimed at implementing inclusive and distributive development
models that are driven by demand” (ILO, 2016:3). In this case, northern countries participate “as a third partner financially
supporting the cooperation between two or more developing countries, whether by providing technical resources or by leveraging
other additional financial or logistical resources” (ILO, 2014: 10).
SSTC has specific principles as outlined in the Nairobi outcome document (UN, 2010)8 and these are as follows:
 Respect for national sovereignty and  Mutual accountability and transparency
ownership  Development effectiveness
 Partnership among equals  Coordination of evidence-and results-based
 Non-conditionality initiatives
 Non-interference in domestic affairs  Multi-stakeholder approach.
 Mutual benefit

The principles highlight the fact that interventions, in this case, are demand-driven as articulated by developing country partners,
respectful of each of the partners’ ways of working, based on a recognition of mutual benefit and accountability, and the
involvement of different stakeholders in the process. This is a departure from traditional ways of cooperation where support is
contingent on satisfying a set of conditions, and a top-down process of determining technical and financial interventions.

Within the SSTC framework, at least two developing countries take the lead, mutually define their goals and objectives, express
needs for mutual learning and assistance from each other and other stakeholder, prioritize interventions, and monitor their
performance against an agreed metrics. More importantly, assistance in this case does not carry donor-imposed conditions, nor
do they come as a pre-identified suite of interventions. Needless to say, having the SSTC frame makes interventions more relevant,
effective and efficient. It also increases country ownership and thus has a high degree of sustainability.

7 http://opendatabarometer.org/
8 http://ssc.undp.org/content/ssc/library/policy_papers/statements/nairobioutcomedoc.html
7
Applying SSTC in the context of Data and Openness for the SDGs

How can we apply SSTC in the context of open data and open governance in order to achieve the sustainable development goals?

Let us take the case of spending data – or the data about how governments utilize their budgets within a given year. Budgets are
instructive of the kinds of priorities that governments have. Based on Figure 1 below, for example, we can see that since 2010,
infrastructure is government’s top priority in terms of budgetary allocation, as compared to food security and health.

But budget data is significantly different from spending data. While budgets tell us about plans, spending data tells us about actual
expenditures. In this case, the amount of expenditure reported in spending data sheets will tell us how much of public money is
actually invested to achieve certain outcomes.

But among 92 countries studied in the ODB, only Brazil and the United Kingdom, publish government spending data in open
formats. This is roughly 2 percent of the total number of countries included in the index. But for the citizens of these countries,
spending data is important to determine if their government has budgeted and spent sufficient amount of resources to achieve
goals in education and health.

Indonesia and the Philippines, two of the pioneers of the Open Government Partnership may agree on a cross-learning exercise
with the United Kingdom, in order to establish a legal framework, devise processes and mechanisms, and engage citizen groups
in the publication and use of spending data. In this process, both countries which are of the same level in the ODB ranking9 (the
Philippines at 36 and Indonesia at 40), can engage with the UK government, currently on the top place of the ODB. Both countries
will be the one to identify their goals, assess current status, determine facilitating and hindering factors, and prioritize a set of
interventions that they will be able to implement and learn from each other. The UK can then either provide technical assistance
or provide funding for the capacity building of civil servants so that spending data can be published by government and used by
civil society organizations in order to contribute to the achievement and monitoring of the SDGs.

But publication of data sets is not equal to use. Therefore, interventions should not only focus on government agencies, but also
on the intended users of the data. Capacity building may be needed by civil society organizations, media, watchdogs, and other
relevant stakeholders, so that the spending data that the government is able to publish, is used by citizens to advance advocacy
or development work along specific targets of the SDGs. A multi-stakeholder, multi-disciplinary approach is needed here – one of
the core principles of SSTC.

Finally, it is important to highlight that in this case, both the Philippines and Indonesia takes the lead in the process, without
conditions, in a mutual collaboration, and with due respect and recognition of each country’s sovereignty.

The Data Revolution, the SDGs, and SSTC

It is quite apparent, that the successful achievement of the SDGs needs quality data to enable governments to plan, implement
interventions, and monitor progress over time. We do not only need more data, better data, but open data, so that various
stakeholders can reuse the data to aid governments in planning for, implementing, and monitoring the SDGs. But given the current
condition of datasets globally, there is indeed a need for a data revolution, to ensure that the road to the achievement of the SDGs
is aided by timely, accurate, and relevant data for decision-making.

The United Nations in its report identified five key actions to make this happen. First, there is a need to develop a global consensus
on data principles and standards, to allow data interoperability and exchange. Second, stakeholders from different countries need
to share technology and innovations to achieve the common good, including technology that would help countries to collectively
progress towards the SDG targets. Third, data crisis (as in the case of countries where there is lack of quality data from which to
base development plans on) and problems on data quality and availability can only be solved through increased investments in
building capacities to close the gap between an ideal state of data quality and availability and the current dismal state of data
openness in most countries. Fourth, leadership and coordination is necessary to orchestrate the different initiatives directed
towards improving data quality and availability across the globe. Finally, the UN proposes that quick wins on SDG data needs to
be explored through an initial development of SDG indicator and data sources and testing them out in different contexts to see
whether these indicators and their data sources can potentially work in planning for and monitoring the SDGs.

Reading through these recommendations – workable as they are and actionable enough – I would argue that SSTC holds
tremendous value in making this happen. Recommendations 1 (global consensus) and 4 (leadership and coordination) are already
happening, with the establishment of the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data.

9 http://opendatabarometer.org/data-explorer/?_year=2015&indicator=ODB
8
SSTC will play a significant role in recommendations 2 (sharing of technology), 3 (capacity building) and 5 (quick wins and SDGs
data labs). GPSDD, the UN, the movers of IODC should seriously consider having SSTC as a frame in ensuring that timely, relevant,
open, and actionable data is available to various stakeholders for them to play an active part in ensuring that the SDGs are achieved
and that data is available to prove it.

Dash, A., Managing for Development Results in Decent Work through SSTC: ILO’s
Challenges for the Agenda 2030

Aiddata.org, the aid research and database which analyzes and provides the most current development data on financing for
development, identifies 38 non-DAC donors in its comprehensive data portal. This marks a “new wave” and the emergence of an
“age of choice” with “the rise of the South” as “providers” of development assistance. The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and
South Africa) are particularly active. Among others, Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey, Chile, Thailand, the Gulf Countries
are also providers of development assistance. But the “rise of the South” does not mean just an addition of “New donors” or
merely a “Southern Symbolism” in the hegemonic global aid architecture of the “aid industry”, but marks a substantive change in
the global architecture of development cooperation and the emergence of a “New Paradigm” of “partnership among equals”,
based on a new horizontal solidarity and mutualism in learning and knowledge sharing toward stimulating innovative responses
to global challenges with local solutions. Southern countries have accumulated rich, innovative and diversified development
practices and are actively supporting each other to find practical and relevant policy solutions. Developing countries are also
increasingly demonstrating leadership in building common agendas and taking collective actions in order to address a multitude
of challenges that cut across regional and national boundaries.

This new way of crafting development cooperation to realize development goals is not limited only to emerging actors of the
South; it also includes traditional donors as well as international organizations. Propelled by the imperative to increase their
effectiveness, they are redefining their roles and relationships in the changing landscape by engaging in Triangular Cooperation
(SSTC) through bridging, facilitating and supporting South-South cooperation (SSC). In OECD survey (2012) on the state of play
triangular cooperation, three quarters of respondents – who included providers of development assistance, international
organizations and developing countries – were said to be involved in triangular cooperation.1 Multilateral organizations such as
the OECD, the World Bank and the United Nations, have supported the creation and strengthening of platforms for enhancing
South-South Cooperation in the context of the MDGs. Because of its critical importance in implementing the Millennium
development agenda, SSTC has gone from a marginal concern to a core mission of the UN. Grounded on the Nairobi Outcome
Document, The Framework of operational guidelines on United Nations support to South-South and triangular cooperation was
already adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2009, which offers guidelines to all UN agencies on how to incorporate
SSC and triangular co-operation in their operations.

SSTC represents a new normative framework to guide global efforts to meet critical developmental challenges in a multi-polar
world towards Agenda 2030 -from a neo-colonial tool for hegemonic dominance in a vertical world order to a new regime based
on a horizontal solidarity and mutualism (in benefits, in learning and knowledge sharing, in accountability and transparency),
where conditionality is replaced by noninterference and ownership, and a results-based approach to scale-up sustainability and
impact. Thus, it marks a shift from a standardized “blue-print” approach to a flexible approach to stimulate and scale up a rich
diversity of innovations in meeting development goals based on Southern experiences, and expertise. It is a paradigm where
“Horizontal Partnerships”, based on equity, trust, mutual benefit and long-term relations, becomes an alternative way to do
development cooperation, and knowledge sharing (one of the most dynamic dimensions of SSTC), becomes a third pillar of
development cooperation, complementing finance and technical assistance. But, most importantly, with these important changes
in the global development architecture towards a more inclusive, effective, and horizontal global development agenda, SSTC is
emerging not as a substitute for but as a valuable complementary to the traditional forms of development cooperation ,
particularly when addressing emerging development challenges, like climate change, food security, social protection and job
creation. Triangular cooperation is growing because it is considered as a bridge between South-South and North-South
cooperation

Today, in the context of the Agenda 2030, the SSTC has assumed even more policy significance and priority as a promising vehicle
of development cooperation and a mechanism for realizing the Agenda 2030 with the 17 sustainable development goals at its
core. As a result, SSTC is increasingly becoming the mechanism to expand the space for the exchange of experiences, knowledge,
technology, resources and know-how to foster the development of national capabilities of the Southern recipient countries to
meet development goals. Southern partnerships are vital in overcoming the current development challenges and reaching
internationally agreed development goals.

Among the different UN agencies, the ILO has a strong background, with a very successful engagement in SSTC for several years.
For the ILO, South-South and Triangular Cooperation is regarded as a way to draw on its particular advantage namely the
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