Table Of ContentThe World of Small States 6
Anne-Marie Brady Editor
Small States and
the Changing
Global Order
New Zealand Faces the Future
The World of Small States
Volume 6
SeriesEditors
PetraButler
Wellington,NewZealand
CarolineMorris
London,UK
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/15142
Anne-Marie Brady
Editor
Small States and the
Changing Global Order
New Zealand Faces the Future
Editor
Anne-MarieBrady
DepartmentofPoliticalScienceand
InternationalRelations
UniversityofCanterbury
Christchurch,NewZealand
ISSN2627-5996 ISSN2627-6003 (electronic)
TheWorldofSmallStates
ISBN978-3-030-18802-3 ISBN978-3-030-18803-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18803-0
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe
materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,
broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation
storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology
nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this
bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor
theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany
errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional
claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG.
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Acknowledgements
Small States and the Changing Global Order: New Zealand Faces the Future is a
preparedness initiative, part of the Small States in the New Security Environment
(SSANSE) Project, sponsored by NATO-SPS, which I co-lead with Baldur
Thorhallson, of the Center for Small State Studies at the University of Iceland.
ThatprojectandthisbookwereinspiredbyextensivediscussionswithDrAnthony
L.Smithin2013–2014whenwewerebothbasedinWashingtonDC,whenIwasa
resident fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, and
AnthonywastheChargéd’AffairesoftheNewZealandEmbassy.Inmanyconver-
sationsin2013and2014,weponderedhowsmallstatessuchasNewZealandcould
proactivelyfacethechangingglobalorder.Likeothersmallstates,NewZealandhas
a limited capacity in its foreign policy establishment for strategic forecasting and
deep policy analysis. After one fateful lunch, I volunteered to organise a team of
New Zealand foreign policy academics to provide contestable policy analysis that
would be useful both for the New Zealand government and to scholars of
New Zealand foreign policy. In 2014 and 2015, I consulted with MFAT staff on
the plan and they provided helpful suggestions on some possible questions to
explore. By 2016, the project had expanded to a global project examining the
challenges faced by a number of other small states in the new security environ-
ment—SSANSE—gatheringinmanyothersmallstatesspecialists.
Earlierversionsofmanyofthesebookchaptersweretrialledatahui(conference)
onNewZealandforeignpolicyattheUniversityofCanterburyinJune2017,which
wasattendedbyseniorpolicyanalysts,academics,politiciansandgraduatestudents;
aswellasawānanga(workshop)hostedbyNgāiTahuatRāpakimaraeinSeptember
2018.Manyofthepresentationsattheseeventswerewrittenupaspolicybriefs,now
availableonthewebsiteoftheSSANSEProjectPop-Up ThinkTank. Some ofthe
book’s authors have incorporated findings from their earlier publications in their
chapters.Everyefforthasbeenmadetocontactcopyrightholdersfortheirpermis-
siontoreprinttheirmaterialsinthisbook.
IamverygratefultoAnthonyL.Smithforhisencouragementandsupportofthis
bookproject,includingasoneofthebookchapterauthors.Iamalsogratefultothe
v
vi Acknowledgements
otherauthorsofthebookchaptersforagreeingtosharetheirknowledgeinawaythat
would be useful for the New Zealand government and the people of Aotearoa
New Zealand, as well as for the future students and observers of New Zealand
foreignpolicy.IwouldliketoexpressmydeepgratitudetoNgāiTahurangatiraTā
TipeneO’Reganwhohaslongbeenakaumatuaandallyofthisproject.Iwouldalso
liketothankTobyDalleyandEmmaDrummondforresearchassistanceinthefinal
stages of editing this book. I am grateful to NATO-SPS and the University of
Canterburyforthefundingwhichmadethe2017huiandthisbookprojectpossible.
I dedicate this book with love to my husband Z.J. and our children Francesca,
SilasandMatteo.
Contents
1 SmallCanBeHuge:NewZealandForeignPolicyinanEra
ofGlobalUncertainty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Anne-MarieBrady
PartI NewZealandForeignPolicyInstitutionsandProcess
2 TheUrgentVersustheImportant:HowForeignandSecurity
PolicyIsNegotiatedinNewZealand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
AnthonyL.Smith
3 TheNewZealandDefenceForceRoleinNewZealandForeign
Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
B.K.Greener
4 AidandForeignPolicy:NewZealandDevelopmentAssistance
inthePacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
StevenRatuva
5 SmallStatesinaNewEraofPublicDiplomacy:NewZealand
andDigitalDiplomacy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
NataliaChaban,SerenaKelly,andAnne-MarieBrady
PartII NewZealand’sBedrockBilateralRelationships
6 PragmaticOptimisation:Australia—NewZealandRelations
inthe21st-Century. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
JimRolfe
7 NewZealand-USRelationsintheTrumpEraandBeyond. . . . . . . 111
RobertG.Patman
vii
viii Contents
8 AStrategicPartnership:NewZealand-ChinaRelationsintheXi
JinpingEraandBeyond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Anne-MarieBrady
9 NeighboursandCousins:Aotearoa-NewZealand’sRelationship
withthePacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
StevenRatuvaandAnne-MarieBrady
10 Like-MindedStates:NewZealand–ASEANRelations
intheChangingAsia-PacificStrategicEnvironment. . . . . . . . . . . . 165
MarkG.Rolls
11 EscapingtheUK’sShadow:NewZealandandtheEuropean
Union. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
MatthewGibbons,SerenaKelly,andMartinHolland
12 DealingwithaProactiveJapan:ReconsideringJapan’sRegional
RoleandItsValueforNewZealand’sForeignPolicy. . . . . . . . . . . 193
CoreyWallace
13 RussiaResurgent:TheImplicationsforNewZealand. . . . . . . . . . . 213
JamesHeadley
14 LookingtotheFuture:ExpandingNewZealandForeignRelations
BeyondTraditionalPartnerships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
ReubenSteff
PartIII NewZealandandGlobalGovernance
15 ClimateChange:AntarcticGeopoliticsandtheImplications
forNewZealandForeignPolicy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Anne-MarieBrady
16 ASmallStateintheGlobalCommons:NewZealand’sApproach
toClimateChange. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 271
AdrianMacey
17 NewZealand’sTradePolicy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
StephenHoadley
18 SmallStatesandInternationalOrganisations:NewZealand’s
DiversifyingInternationalEngagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
JoeBurton
19 NewZealandandDisarmament:WhereNationalandGlobal
InterestsConverge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
LyndonBurfordandKateDewes
Contents ix
PartIV ExploringAllOurOptions
20 MeetingNewZealand’sPeaceandSecurityChallengesThrough
DisarmamentandNonviolence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
JosephLlewellyn,GriffinLeonard,andRichardJackson
21 PrincipledSmallNationorStalwartAlly?NewZealand’s
IndependentForeignPolicy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
NickyHager
22 SmallStatesandtheChangingGlobalOrder:WhatSmallState
TheoryCanOfferNewZealandForeignPolicymaking. . . . . . . . . . 379
BaldurThorhallsson
