SMACNA: Energy Recovery Equipment and Systems, Air-to-Air

155 Pages·2013·32.26 MB·English

By Authority Of
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Legally Binding Document
By the Authority Vested By Part 5 of the United States Code § 552(a) and
Part 1 of the Code of Regulations § 51 the attached document has been duly
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE and shall be considered legally
binding upon all citizens and residents of the United States of America.
HEED THIS NOTICE: Criminal penalties may apply for noncompliance.
e
Document Name: SMACN A AIR: Energy Recovery Equipment and
Systems, Air-to-Air
CFR Section(s): 10 CFR 440 Appendix A
Standards Body: Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors'
National Association (SMACNA)
Official Incorporator:
THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER
WASHINGTON, D.C.

I
ENI
I
AND
I
S
I
I
I
I
•
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AIR-IO-AIR
I .
Sheet Metal
and Air Conditioning
I
Contractors National Association, Inc_
I
I
••
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
••
•
•
•
•
•
•
. '
,
•
I
:- ti%E NERGY
ENT
tb~·
:
S
I
I
I
I
I •
I
I
I
I
AIR-YO-AIR
Sheet Metal
and Air Conditioning ..
Cant rae Io rs National Assoclalton, Inc.
,
. '
,
ENERGY RECOVERY EQUlrMENT AND SYSTEMS
AIR-TO-AIR
ClSMACNA 1978
•
All rights reserved
,
SHEET METAL AND AIR CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS'
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.
8224 Old Courthouse Rd.
Tysons Corner
Vienna, Virginia 22180
•
Printed in the U.S.A.
FIRST EDITION -JULY, 1978
SECOND PRINTING -JUNE, 1979
•
,
SMACNA Energy Recovery Committee
CONTRACTORS MANUFACTURERS
G.E. Daniel, Chairman Aaymond Barnum
I
Daniel & Jones Sheet Metal Harrison Radiator Division
Pinellas Park, Florida of General Motors Corporation
••
Lockport, New York
,
William Barnhizer
Kenneth R. Bush
The Waldinger Corporation
T rane Company
Des Moines, Iowa
LaCrosse, Wisconsin
,
John J. Hucker, p.e. Dr. Nicholas H. DesChamps
Peabody & Wind Engineering Co. DesChamps Laboratories, Inc.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Eas! Hanover, New Jersey
Kon Dravnieks
James A. McVean
Energy Recovery Company
F-M Sheet Metal Fabricators
Germantown, Wisconsin ,
Fort Worth, Texas I
Joseph A. Pash
Lester W. Lang
Kathabar Systems, Midland Ross
Lackland Sheet Metal Company
Corporation
SI. Louis, Missouri
New Brunswick, New Jersey
W. David Bevirt, P.E. Owen L. Riddell
,
SMACNA, Inc. Barber-Colman Company I
Vienna, Virginia Huntsville, Alabama
OTHER CONTRIBUTORS
ASHRAE Technical Committee 5.5- William E. Rice Derald G. Welles
. '
Air-to-Air Energy Recovery University Mechanical & Engineering Modine Heating Recovery, Inc.
Justin H. Smith. Chairman Contractors
John J. McGuinness
John A. Sharp Lewis G. Harriman III
,
I
Dow Chemical U.S.A. Cargocaire Engineering Corporation
II
I
FOREWORD
-
I
I
I
Industry generally lacks knowledge about energy re panies that have provided information and proprie
covery systems. Energy prices have increased tre tary data used in this manual. Until data and informa
mendously since the oil embargo of 1973. Some tion is available from research and test programs
I companies and building owners have made great conducted by "neutral organizations," the text, tables
strides in implementing measures that have signifi and charts contained in this manual are the "stale
cantly reduced energy waste, bul most energy con of-the-art" of this fast-growing, but still infant, indus
I serving programs are still in the planning stages. try.
The Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors'
National Association, Inc. (SMACNA) in keeping with SMACNA recognizes that in the future, this manual
I its policy of disseminating information and providing must be expanded and updated. As need arises.
standards of design and construction, offers this manuals on related subjects may be developed, Con
comprehensive and fundamental manual on air-to tinuing effort will be made to provide the industry with
air energy recovery equipment and systems as part a compilation of the latest construction methods and
I
of the continuing effort to upgrade the HVAC industry engineering data from recognized sources,
and to help the nation's energy conservation prog supplemented by SMACNA research and the ser
ram. The SMACNA Energy Recovery Committee is vices of local SMACNA Chapters and SMACNA Con
I indebted to a large number of individuals and com- tractors.
. -
I
I
•
I
I
I
This manual was developed uSing the most reliable engineering principles and research available. plus consultation with, and
information obtained from. manufacturers, contractors. users, and others having speCialized experience. It is subJect 10 revision
as further experience and investigation may show is necessary or desirable. Construction and design that complies with this
I .
manual Will not necessarily be acceptable it, when examined and tested. is found 10 have other features which impairlhe result
contemplated by these requirements. The Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association assumes no
responsibility and accepts no liability for the application of the principles or techniques contained in this manual.
I
I III
,
REFERENCES . '
•
•
Text material forthis manual has been obtained from catalogs, handbooks, and engineering manuals published by
the following organizations: •
1. Allied Air Products Co., Inc. Newberg, Oregon
•
2. American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) New York, New York
3. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and
Air-Conditioning Engineers. Inc. (ASHRAE) New York, New York
•
4. Barber-Colman Company Huntsville. Alabama
5. Cargocaire Engineering Corporation Amesbury, Massachusetts
6. Carrier Corporation Syracuse, New York •
7. DesChamps Laboratories. Inc. East Hanover, New Jersey
B. Dow Chemical U.S.A. Midland. Michigan
•
9. Energy Recovery Company Germantown. Wisconsin
10. Harrison Radiator Division of
General Motors Corporation Lockport, New York ••
11. Heating/Piping/Air-Conditioning Magazine Stamford. Connecticut
12. Kalhabar Systems. Midland Ross Corporation New Brunswick, New Jersey
13. Mobil Oil Company New York. New York •
14. Modine Heating Recovery, Inc. Racine. Wisconsin
15. Monsanto SI. Louis, Missouri
•
16. National EnvironmentalSalancing Bureau (NESS) Vienna, Virginia
17. O-Dot Corporation Dallas. Texas
18. Sheet Metal and Air Conditionmg Contractors' •
National Association (SMACNA) Vienna. Virginia
19. Shell Oil Company Houston. Texas
20. The Trane Company LaCrosse, Wisconsin •
21. U.S. Department of Commerce-National
Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C.
•
22. Vari-Cool Product Division of H.&C. Metal
Products Santa Rosa, California
•
Numbers in parentheses used in the text, figures. and tables refer to the numbers preceding the above
organizations.
.'
I
•
Iv
I
TABLE OF
•
I
CONTENTS
I
I
SMACNA ENERGY RECOVERY COMMIITEE ii
FOREWORD iii
I
REFERENCES
TABLE OF CONTENTS "
I
I
ENERGY RECOVERY
I
A. PROCESS TO PROCESS 1.1
B. PROCESS TO COMFORT 12
C. COMFORT TO COMFORT 1.2
I
II
FUNDAMENTALS OF ENERGY TRANSFER
I A. "HEAT "ENERGY 2.1
\. Thermodynamics 2.1
•
2. Heat Transfer 2.1
3. Parallel & Coun\erllow Transfer 2.2
I
B. PSYCHROMETRICS 2.3
1 Introduction 2.3
2 Properties of Air 2.3
I 3 Air-vapor Relationship 2.5
III
USE OF THE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
I
A. THE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 3.1
1 Basic Grid, Humidity Ratio (Specific Humidity) 3.1
2. Enthalpy (Total Heal) 3.1
I 3. Dry Bulb Temperature 3.1
4 Saturation Line, Dew Pain! & WeI Bulb 3.1
5 SpeCific Volume 3.2
6 Relative Humidity 3.2
I
7. Wet Bulb Temperatur-e 3.3
8. PloUlng Condi\ions 3.3
B. CONDITION CHANGES ON THE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 3.4
I 1 Sensible Changes 3.4
2. Latent Changes 3.4
3. Combination Changes 3.5
4. Airstream Mixtures 3.7
I 5. Related Tables and Equations 3.7
C. OTHER CHARTS 3.7
IV THE ENERGY RECOVERY PROCESS
I .
A. FUNDAMENTAL OF HEAT RECOVERY
4.1
B. MECHANICS OF HEAT FLOW 4.1
I
•
,
TABLE Of CONTlNTS
. '
,
C. EFFECTIVENESS 4.2
4.3
Total Heat Devices
4.3 ,
2. SenSible Heat De'Jlces
4.4
3. Summary
D. DEVICE CONFIGURATION 4.4
4.4
1 Counterllow (An-to·air) ,
4.4
2_ Parallel Flow (Alf-io-air)
4.5
3. Cross-Uow (An-la-air)
4.5
4 Closed Pipe Loop (Atr-to-lIU1d-to-alr)
V INTRODUCTION TO EQUIPMENT
A. TRANSFER EQUIPMENT IN GENERAL 5.1
B. TYPES OF EQUIPMENT 5.2 I
5.2
1. Rotary Wileel
5.2
2. Fixed Plate
5.3
3. Multiple Tower I
5.3
4 Fmned Tube Exchangers
C. CHARACTERISTICS SA
SA
1 Energy Transter Process ,
SA I
2 Temperature Ranges
SA
3 Transler Efficiencies
5.5
4 Orientation
D. RATINGS 5.5
1 Amencan Society of Heating. RefngeratlOn and Air-ConditiOning Engineers (ASHRAE) 5.6
2. Alr-Condltlonmg and Retngerahon Institute (ARt) 5.7
• ,I
VI ROTARY WHEEL EXCHANGERS
A. DESCRIPTION 6.1
1 Temperature Range 6.1
2. ConstructIOn 6.1
B. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 6.2
1 The Transter Process 6.2
2_ Cross Conlamlnahon 6.3 I
C. PERFORMANCE 6.3
1 Pressure Drops 6.3
2 Effectiveness 6A
I
D. APPLICATION 6A
1 Filters 6.5
2 Condensation & Freeze-up 6.5
E. CAPACITY CONTROLS 6.6 I
F. MAINTENANCE 6.7
I
VII FIXED PLATE EXCHANGERS
A. DESCRIPTION 7.1
1 Temperalwe Range 7.1
2 ConSllllCllon 7.1 I
B. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 7.2
1 The Transfer Process 7.2 . '
2. Cross Contamination 7.2
C. PERFORMANCE 7.3
1 Pressure Drops 7.3
2, EUecllveness 7.3
I
•
vi