Table Of ContentE T S I
SCUELA ÉCNICA UPERIOR DE NGENIERÍA
DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL
Sistemas expertos
Ángel Sarabia
¿Qué es la Inteligencia Artificial? (1)
EEEEssss llllaaaa rrrraaaammmmaaaa ddddeeee llllaaaa CCCCiiiieeeennnncccciiiiaaaa qqqquuuueeee,,,, ggggrrrraaaacccciiiiaaaassss aaaallll ddddeeeessssaaaarrrrrrrroooolllllllloooo ddddeeee
lllloooossss ccccoooommmmppppuuuuttttaaaaddddoooorrrreeeessss,,,, pppprrrreeeetttteeeennnnddddeeee eeeemmmmuuuullllaaaarrrr eeeellll ccccoooommmmpppplllleeeejjjjoooo yyyy ppppooooccccoooo
ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiiddddoooo pppprrrroooocccceeeessssoooo ddddeeee rrrraaaazzzzoooonnnnaaaammmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo ddddeeee lllloooossss sssseeeerrrreeeessss hhhhuuuummmmaaaannnnoooossss,,,,
aaaassssíííí ccccoooommmmoooo ssssuuuu mmmmaaaannnniiiiffffeeeessssttttaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn yyyy ttttrrrraaaannnnssssmmmmiiiissssiiiióóóónnnn....
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA
DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL
Sistemas expertos -1
¿Qué es la Inteligencia Artificial? (2)
EEEEssss llllaaaa ccccaaaappppaaaacccciiiiddddaaaadddd ddddeeee uuuunnnn sssseeeerrrr vvvviiiivvvvoooo oooo ddddeeee uuuunnnnaaaa mmmmááááqqqquuuuiiiinnnnaaaa ddddeeee
---- oooorrrrddddeeeennnnaaaarrrr iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaacccciiiioooonnnneeeessss,,,, eeeexxxxtttteeeennnnssssaaaassss oooobbbbsssseeeerrrrvvvvaaaacccciiiioooonnnneeeessss yyyy
eeeexxxxppppeeeerrrriiiieeeennnncccciiiiaaaassss,,,,
---- ddddeeeessssccccuuuubbbbrrrriiiirrrr iiiinnnntttteeeerrrrrrrreeeellllaaaacccciiiioooonnnneeeessss,,,, yyyy
---- ddddeeee eeeessssttttaaaa ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaa aaaabbbbssssttttrrrraaaaeeeerrrr ccccoooossssaaaassss yyyy lllliiiiggggaaaarrrrllllaaaassss eeeennnnttttrrrreeee ssssíííí....
AAAAlllleeeexxxxaaaannnnddddeeeerrrr SSSSppppoooorrrrllll,,,, ““““SSSSppppoooorrrrllll----CCCCoooommmmppppuuuutttteeeerrrrbbbbuuuucccchhhh””””,,,, 1111999977771111
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA
DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL
Sistemas expertos -2
¿Qué es la Inteligencia Artificial? (3)
SSSSuuuu hhhheeeerrrrrrrraaaammmmiiiieeeennnnttttaaaa ddddeeee ttttrrrraaaabbbbaaaajjjjoooo eeeessss eeeellll ccccoooommmmppppuuuuttttaaaaddddoooorrrr....
TTTTooooddddaaaa ccccoooommmmppppuuuuttttaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn rrrreeeeqqqquuuuiiiieeeerrrreeee ddddeeee uuuunnnnaaaa rrrreeeepppprrrreeeesssseeeennnnttttaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee eeeennnnttttiiiiddddaaaaddddeeeessss yyyy
ddddeeee uuuunnnn pppprrrroooocccceeeessssoooo ppppaaaarrrraaaa mmmmaaaannnniiiippppuuuullllaaaarrrrllllaaaa....
SSSSuuuussss oooobbbbjjjjeeeettttiiiivvvvoooossss ssssoooonnnn::::
aaaa)))) CCCCoooommmmoooo ppppaaaarrrrtttteeee ddddeeee llllaaaa IIIInnnnggggeeeennnniiiieeeerrrrííííaaaa IIIInnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmááááttttiiiiccccaaaa,,,, rrrreeeessssoooollllvvvveeeerrrr
pppprrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmmaaaassss rrrreeeeaaaalllleeeessss,,,, aaaaccccttttuuuuaaaannnnddddoooo ccccoooommmmoooo uuuunnnn ccccoooonnnnjjjjuuuunnnnttttoooo ddddeeee iiiiddddeeeeaaaassss
aaaacccceeeerrrrccccaaaa ddddeeee ccccóóóómmmmoooo rrrreeeepppprrrreeeesssseeeennnnttttaaaarrrr yyyy uuuuttttiiiilllliiiizzzzaaaarrrr eeeellll ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo
ddddeeeessssaaaarrrrrrrroooollllllllaaaannnnddddoooo ssssiiiisssstttteeeemmmmaaaassss iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmááááttttiiiiccccoooossss....
bbbb)))) CCCCoooommmmoooo ppppaaaarrrrtttteeee ddddeeee llllaaaa CCCCiiiieeeennnncccciiiiaaaa,,,, bbbbuuuussssccccaaaarrrr llllaaaa eeeexxxxpppplllliiiiccccaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee ddddiiiivvvveeeerrrrssssaaaassss
ccccllllaaaasssseeeessss ddddeeee iiiinnnntttteeeelllliiiiggggeeeennnncccciiiiaaaa aaaa ttttrrrraaaavvvvééééssss ddddeeee llllaaaa rrrreeeepppprrrreeeesssseeeennnnttttaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeeellll
ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo yyyy ddddeeee llllaaaa aaaapppplllliiiiccccaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn qqqquuuueeee sssseeee ddddaaaa aaaa éééésssstttteeee eeeennnn lllloooossss
ssssiiiisssstttteeeemmmmaaaassss iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmááááttttiiiiccccoooossss ddddeeeessssaaaarrrrrrrroooollllllllaaaaddddoooossss....
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA
DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL
Sistemas expertos -3
CCCCaaaammmmppppoooossss ddddeeee aaaapppplllliiiiccccaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee llllaaaa IIII....AAAA....
IIIInnnntttteeeelllliiiiggggeeeennnncccciiiiaaaa AAAArrrrttttiiiiffffiiiicccciiiiaaaallll
1111999955550000
RRRReeeeddddeeeessss
RRRRoooobbbbóóóóttttiiiiccccaaaa
SSSSiiiisssstttteeeemmmmaaaassss eeeexxxxppppeeeerrrrttttoooossss nnnneeeeuuuurrrroooonnnnaaaalllleeeessss
DDDDeeeemmmmoooossssttttrrrraaaacccciiiióóóónnnn
aaaauuuuttttoooommmmááááttttiiiiccccaaaa ddddeeee LLLLeeeennnngggguuuuaaaajjjjeeee nnnnaaaattttuuuurrrraaaallll
tttteeeeoooorrrreeeemmmmaaaassss VVVViiiissssiiiióóóónnnn aaaarrrrttttiiiiffffiiiicccciiiiaaaallll
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA
DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL
Sistemas expertos -4
PARTE I
Los sistemas expertos:
- qué son
- cuando y para qué se utilizan
- estructura de los sistemas expertos
- ventajas e inconvenientes
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA
DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL
Sistemas expertos -5
Una persona se dice que es experto en un
problema cuando tiene conocimiento
profundo y especializado sobre dicho
problema.
A este tipo de conocimiento se le llama
conocimiento sobre el dominio, y la palabra
dominio se usa para enfatizar que ese
conocimiento pertenece a un problema
específico y concreto.
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA
DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL
Sistemas expertos -6
¿Qué son los Sistemas Expertos?
SSSSoooonnnn uuuunnnnaaaa eeeexxxxpppprrrreeeessssiiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee lllloooossss ssssiiiisssstttteeeemmmmaaaassss bbbbaaaassssaaaaddddoooossss eeeennnn eeeellll ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo
qqqquuuueeee ccccoooonnnnssssttttiiiittttuuuuyyyyeeeennnn eeeellll ccccaaaammmmppppoooo ddddeeee eeeessssttttuuuuddddiiiioooo ddddeeee llllaaaa llllllllaaaammmmaaaaddddaaaa IIIInnnntttteeeelllliiiiggggeeeennnncccciiiiaaaa AAAArrrrttttiiiiffffiiiicccciiiiaaaallll....
EEEEssss uuuunnnn ttttiiiippppoooo ddddeeee ssssooooffffttttwwwwaaaarrrreeee qqqquuuueeee aaaappppoooorrrrttttaaaa ssssoooolllluuuucccciiiioooonnnneeeessss ““““iiiinnnntttteeeelllliiiiggggeeeennnntttteeeessss”””” aaaa
pppprrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmmaaaassss,,,, eeeemmmmuuuullllaaaannnnddddoooo eeeellll pppprrrroooocccceeeessssoooo llllóóóóggggiiiiccccoooo qqqquuuueeee uuuunnnn eeeexxxxppppeeeerrrrttttoooo hhhhuuuummmmaaaannnnoooo uuuuttttiiiilllliiiizzzzaaaa
eeeennnn llllaaaa rrrreeeessssoooolllluuuucccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee pppprrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmmaaaassss....
UUUUnnnn pppprrrroooocccceeeeddddiiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo ddddeeee ssssoooolllluuuucccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee pppprrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmmaaaassss bbbbaaaassssaaaaddddoooo eeeennnn eeeellll
ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo ccccoooommmmpppprrrreeeennnnddddeeee llllaaaassss ssssiiiigggguuuuiiiieeeennnntttteeeessss ccccaaaappppaaaacccciiiiddddaaaaddddeeeessss::::
---- UUUUssssoooo ddddeeee nnnnoooorrrrmmmmaaaassss oooo eeeessssttttrrrruuuuccccttttuuuurrrraaaassss qqqquuuueeee ccccoooonnnntttteeeennnnggggaaaannnn ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooossss yyyy eeeexxxxppppeeeerrrriiiieeeennnncccciiiiaaaassss
ddddeeee eeeexxxxppppeeeerrrrttttoooossss eeeessssppppeeeecccciiiiaaaalllliiiizzzzaaaaddddoooossss....
---- DDDDeeeedddduuuucccccccciiiióóóónnnn llllóóóóggggiiiiccccaaaa ddddeeee ccccoooonnnncccclllluuuussssiiiioooonnnneeeessss....
---- CCCCaaaappppaaaacccciiiiddddaaaadddd ppppaaaarrrraaaa iiiinnnntttteeeerrrrpppprrrreeeettttaaaarrrr ddddaaaattttoooossss iiiimmmmpppprrrreeeecccciiiissssoooossss yyyy////oooo aaaammmmbbbbiiiigggguuuuoooossss....
---- MMMMaaaannnniiiippppuuuullllaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooossss aaaaffffeeeeccccttttaaaaddddoooossss ppppoooorrrr vvvvaaaalllloooorrrreeeessss ddddeeee pppprrrroooobbbbaaaabbbbiiiilllliiiiddddaaaadddd yyyy////oooo
ppppoooossssiiiibbbbiiiilllliiiiddddaaaadddd....
LLLLaaaa ffffuuuunnnncccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee uuuunnnn SSSSEEEE eeeessss llllaaaa ddddeeee aaaappppoooorrrrttttaaaarrrr ssssoooolllluuuucccciiiioooonnnneeeessss aaaa lllloooossss pppprrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmmaaaassss ccccoooommmmoooo
ssssiiii ffffuuuueeeerrrraaaa uuuunnnn sssseeeerrrr hhhhuuuummmmaaaannnnoooo,,,, eeeessss ddddeeeecccciiiirrrr,,,, ccccaaaappppaaaazzzz ddddeeee mmmmoooossssttttrrrraaaarrrr ssssoooolllluuuucccciiiioooonnnneeeessss iiiinnnntttteeeelllliiiiggggeeeennnntttteeeessss....
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA
DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL
Sistemas expertos -7
HISTORIA DE LOS SISTEMAS EXPERTOS (1)
P. Harmon y D. King, Expert Systems, New York, 1985
LLLLoooossss pppprrrriiiimmmmeeeerrrroooossss bbbbaaaallllbbbbuuuucccceeeeoooossss ddddeeee llllaaaa IIIInnnntttteeeelllliiiiggggeeeennnncccciiiiaaaa AAAArrrrttttiiiiffffiiiicccciiiiaaaallll ((((AAAAIIII)))) ssssuuuurrrrggggeeeennnn aaaannnntttteeeessss ddddeeee llllaaaa IIIIIIII
GGGGuuuueeeerrrrrrrraaaa MMMMuuuunnnnddddiiiiaaaallll ccccoooonnnn llllaaaa ffffoooorrrrmmmmuuuullllaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee ddddiiiiffffeeeerrrreeeennnntttteeeessss llllóóóóggggiiiiccccaaaassss ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaalllleeeessss,,,, aaaallllgggguuuunnnnaaaassss
mmmmuuuullllttttiiiivvvvaaaalllloooorrrraaaaddddaaaassss,,,, yyyy llllaaaassss aaaappppoooorrrrttttaaaacccciiiioooonnnneeeessss ddddeeee llllaaaa PPPPssssiiiiccccoooollllooooggggííííaaaa ccccooooggggnnnnoooosssscccciiiittttiiiivvvvaaaa....
LLLLoooossss aaaaccccoooonnnntttteeeecccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooossss pppprrrreeeeccccuuuurrrrssssoooorrrreeeessss ddddiiiirrrreeeeccccttttoooossss ddddeeee llllaaaa AAAAIIII aaaappppaaaarrrreeeecccceeeennnn eeeennnnttttrrrreeee lllloooossss aaaaññññoooossss
1111999944445555 yyyy 1111999955554444::::
---- AAAAvvvvaaaannnncccceeeessss tttteeeeccccnnnnoooollllóóóóggggiiiiccccoooossss :::: aaaappppaaaarrrriiiicccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee oooorrrrddddeeeennnnaaaaddddoooorrrreeeessss ddddeeeessssaaaarrrrrrrroooollllllllaaaaddddoooossss
---- PPPPuuuubbbblllliiiiccccaaaacccciiiioooonnnneeeessss ffffuuuunnnnddddaaaammmmeeeennnnttttaaaalllleeeessss yyyy eeeessssttttuuuuddddiiiioooossss tttteeeeóóóórrrriiiiccccoooossss::::
SSSSiiiimmmmoooonnnn yyyy NNNNeeeewwwweeeellllllll ddddeeeessssaaaarrrrrrrroooollllllllaaaannnn uuuunnnnaaaa tttteeeeoooorrrrííííaaaa ddddeeee llllaaaa llllóóóóggggiiiiccccaaaa ““““aaaadddd hhhhoooocccc””””
HHHH.... SSSSiiiimmmmoooonnnn,,,, ““““AAAAddddmmmmiiiinnnniiiissssttttrrrraaaattttiiiivvvveeee BBBBeeeehhhhaaaavvvviiiioooorrrr””””
NNNN.... WWWWiiiieeeennnneeeerrrr,,,, ““““CCCCyyyybbbbeeeerrrrnnnneeeettttiiiiccccssss”””” ((((llllaaaa tttteeeeoooorrrrííííaaaa ddddeeee llllaaaa rrrreeeeaaaalllliiiimmmmeeeennnnttttaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn))))
AAAA.... TTTTuuuurrrriiiinnnngggg,,,, ““““CCCCoooommmmppppuuuuttttiiiinnnngggg MMMMaaaacccchhhhiiiinnnneeeerrrryyyy aaaannnndddd IIIInnnntttteeeelllllllliiiiggggeeeennnncccceeee””””
yyyy ccccoooonnnnffffeeeerrrreeeennnncccciiiiaaaassss eeeennnn MMMMaaaaccccyyyy....
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA
DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL
Sistemas expertos -8
HISTORIA DE LOS SISTEMAS EXPERTOS (2)
P. Harmon y D. King, Expert Systems, New York, 1985
VVVViiiieeeennnneeeennnn aaaa ccccoooonnnnttttiiiinnnnuuuuaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn lllloooossss ddddeeeennnnoooommmmiiiinnnnaaaaddddoooossss aaaaññññoooossss ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaattttiiiivvvvoooossss ((((1111999955555555----66660000)))),,,, eeeennnn lllloooossss qqqquuuueeee
rrrreeeeaaaallllmmmmeeeennnntttteeee sssseeee pppprrrroooodddduuuucccceeee ééééllll iiiinnnniiiicccciiiioooo ddddeeee llllaaaa iiiinnnnvvvveeeessssttttiiiiggggaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ssssoooobbbbrrrreeee IIIIAAAA
LLLLaaaassss cccciiiirrrrccccuuuunnnnssssttttaaaannnncccciiiiaaaassss qqqquuuueeee pppprrrrooooppppiiiicccciiiiaaaannnn ddddiiiicccchhhhaaaa iiiinnnnvvvveeeessssttttiiiiggggaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn
---- AAAAvvvvaaaannnncccceeeessss tttteeeeccccnnnnoooollllóóóóggggiiiiccccoooossss yyyy ddddeeee ddddeeeessssaaaarrrrrrrroooolllllllloooo ddddeeee ssssooooffffttttwwwwaaaarrrreeee::::
---- iiiinnnnccccrrrreeeemmmmeeeennnnttttoooo eeeennnn llllaaaa ppppooootttteeeennnncccciiiiaaaa ddddeeee lllloooossss oooorrrrddddeeeennnnaaaaddddoooorrrreeeessss
---- IIIInnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaattttiiiioooonnnn PPPPrrrroooocccceeeessssssssiiiinnnngggg LLLLaaaannnngggguuuuaaaaggggeeee IIII ((((IIIIPPPPLLLL----IIII))))
---- LLLLIIIISSSSPPPP,,,, lllleeeennnngggguuuuaaaajjjjeeee ppppaaaarrrraaaa SSSSEEEE,,,, 1111999955558888,,,, JJJJ.... MMMMccccCCCCaaaarrrrtttthhhhyyyy
---- PPPPuuuubbbblllliiiiccccaaaacccciiiioooonnnneeeessss yyyy rrrreeeeuuuunnnniiiioooonnnneeeessss ::::
---- SSSSeeeemmmmiiiinnnnaaaarrrriiiioooo ddddeeee VVVVeeeerrrraaaannnnoooo ddddeeee DDDDaaaarrrrmmmmoooouuuutttthhhh ssssoooobbbbrrrreeee IIIIAAAA ((((1111999955556666))))
---- GGGGeeeennnneeeerrrraaaallll PPPPrrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmm SSSSoooollllvvvveeeerrrr ((((GGGGPPPPSSSS)))),,,, 1111999955557777
---- EEEEssssttttuuuuddddiiiioooossss ssssoooobbbbrrrreeee llllaaaa ppppssssiiiiccccoooollllooooggggííííaaaa ddddeeeellll pppprrrroooocccceeeessssaaaammmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo ddddeeee iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA
DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL
Sistemas expertos -9
Description:Cybernetics” (la teoría de la realimentaci a de la realimentaci Programas de ajedrez Encadenamiento de Reglas Orientado a un Objetivo (III). 2.
