Shape Memory Alloys - Processing, Characterization and Applications

290 Pages·2016·14.89 MB·English

by  Fernandes F.M.B. (Ed.)

SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS –
PROCESSING,
CHARACTERIZATION
AND APPLICATIONS

Edited by Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes
Shape Memory Alloys – Processing, Characterization and Applications
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2576
Edited by Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes

Contributors
F.M. Braz Fernandes, K.K. Mahesh, Andersan dos Santos Paula, Radim Kocich, Ivo Szurman,
Miroslav Kursa, Tomasz Goryczka, T. Sakon, H. Nagashio, K. Sasaki, S. Susuga, D. Numakura,
M. Abe, K. Endo, S. Yamashita, H. Nojiri, T. Kanomata, Fabiana Cristina Nascimento Borges,
V. P. Panoskaltsis, Dezso L. Beke, Lajos Daróczi, Tarek Y. Elrasasi, R.J. Martínez-Fuentes,
F.M. Sánchez-Arévalo, F.N. García-Castillo, G.A. Lara-Rodríguez, J. Cortés-Pérez, A. Reyes-Solís,
Lei Li, Qingbin Li, Fan Zhang, Marjan Bahraminasab, Barkawi Bin Sahari

Published by InTech
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Cover InTech Design Team

First published March, 2013
Printed in Croatia

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Shape Memory Alloys – Processing, Characterization and Applications,
Edited by Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-1084-2

Contents

Preface IX
Section 1 Processing 1
Chapter 1 Thermomechanical Treatments for Ni-Ti Alloys 3
F.M. Braz Fernandes, K.K. Mahesh
and Andersan dos Santos Paula
Chapter 2 The Methods of Preparation
of Ti-Ni-X Alloys and Their Forming 27
Radim Kocich, Ivo Szurman and Miroslav Kursa
Chapter 3 Ni Ti Cu Shape Memory Alloy Produced
25 50 25
by Nonconventional Techniques 53
Tomasz Goryczka
Section 2 Characterization 77
Chapter 4 Thermal Strain and Magnetization
Studies of the Ferromagnetic Heusler Shape
Memory Alloys Ni MnGa and the Effect
2
of Selective Substitution in 3d Elements
on the Structural and Magnetic Phase 79
T. Sakon, H. Nagashio, K. Sasaki, S. Susuga, D. Numakura,
M. Abe, K. Endo, S. Yamashita, H. Nojiri and T. Kanomata
Chapter 5 Iron Based Shape Memory Alloys:
Mechanical and Structural Properties 115
Fabiana Cristina Nascimento Borges
Section 3 Mechanical Behavior 129
Chapter 6 Mechanics of Shape Memory Alloy Materials –
Constitutive Modeling and Numerical Implications 131
V. P. Panoskaltsis
VI Contents

Chapter 7 Determination of Elastic and Dissipative Energy
Contributions to Martensitic Phase Transformation
in Shape Memory Alloys 167
Dezso L. Beke, Lajos Daróczi and Tarek Y. Elrasasi
Chapter 8 Micromechanical Behavior of CuAlBe Shape
Memory Alloy Undergoing 3-Point Bending
Analyzed by Digital Image Correlation 197
R.J. Martínez-Fuentes, F.M. Sánchez-Arévalo, F.N. García-Castillo,
G.A. Lara-Rodríguez, J. Cortés-Pérez, A. Reyes-Solís
Section 4 Applications 213
Chapter 9 Applications of SMA Bundles
in Practical Concrete Structures 215
Lei Li, Qingbin Li and Fan Zhang
Chapter 10 NiTi Shape Memory Alloys,
Promising Materials in Orthopedic Applications 261
Marjan Bahraminasab and Barkawi Bin Sahari

Preface

Shape memory alloys have become in the past decades a well established research
subject. However, the complex relations between properties and structure have
created a continuously growing interest for a deeper insight all this time. The
complexity of relationships between structure and properties is mostly related to the
fact that strong “multidimensional” interactions are taking place: from the early
studies focusing on the thermal and/or mechanical induced phase transformations to
the more recent findings on the magnetically induced structural changes. On the other
hand, these singular behavioral characteristics have driven a great industrial interest
due to the innovative aspects that the applications of shape memory alloys may
provide. This makes this subject a highly attractive source of continuous studies,
ranging from basics crystallography and thermodynamics to mechanical analysis and
electrical and magnetic properties characterization.
In this book, a group of recent studies is compiled focusing on a wide range of topics
from processing to the relationship between the structure and properties, as well as
new applications.
In the processing section, results are presented for special issues concerning the
thermomechanical treatments of binary alloys and ternary alloys, namely using
innovative techniques. The first paper details the changes of the transformation
characteristics of binary alloys resulting from different variants of thermomechanical
treatments, including severe plastic deformation. The second paper is focused on the
interest of going from binary to ternary alloys and the problems raised by innovative
processing techniques. In particular, the Ni-Ti-Cu alloys have attracted a great interest
and the possibilities open by advanced technologies such as powder metallurgy and
melt spinning are extensively reviewed in the third and last paper of this section.
The relatively more recent interest on the Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys opens
new challenges in terms the characterization techniques combining thermal analysis
and magnetic methods. This is the topic for the first paper of the section of
characterization, where some alloys from the system based on Ni-Mn-Ga are studied.
Next, a structural characterization of the stress-induced martensite in Fe-based alloys
is presented.
X Preface

The singular properties of the shape memory alloys are strongly related to the
thermomechanical behavior. A clear understanding of this type of situation requires
the use of models, such as the one that is proposed on the first paper of the section on
mechanical behavior. The second paper presents a model for hysteretic loops
providing the basis for a finer analysis of thermal / mechanical cycling. Eventually, the
third paper provides useful information on the experimental approach to get a deeper
insight on the link between micro and macromechanical behavior and its relation with
the structural details. Iron based SMA are becoming very attractive engineering
materials and their structural characterization is presented on the second paper.
Last, a section on applications presents two interesting papers focusing on two major
engineering areas: civil and biomedical. Based on a constitutive model and thermal
and mechanical characterization, a practical application of SMA on a smart concrete
bridge structure is presented. Next, the combination of the superelastic and shape
memory effect characteristics with the good biocompatility of Ni-Ti alloys is exploited
in the field of biomedical engineering, namely for implants.
The second paper presents a model for hysteretic loops providing the basis for a finer
analysis of thermal / mechanical cycling. The third paper provides useful information
on the experimental approach to get a deeper insight on the link between micro and
macromechanical behavior and its relation to the structural details.

Prof. Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes
Universidade Nova de Lisboa,
Portugal