Table Of ContentPROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
109(3), 2007, pp. 611-627
SEVEN NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW RECORD OF GERGITHUS STAL
(HEMIPTERA: FULGOROIDEA: ISSIDAE) FROM CHINA
Yanli Che, Yalin Zhang, and Yinglun Wang
(YC, YZ, YW) Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest
Management, Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; (YC) College of Plant Protection,
Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China (e-mails: (YC) shirleyche@
sohu.com; (YZ) [email protected]. Corresponding author: Yalin Zhang
([email protected])
—
Abstract. Eight Chinese species ofthe genus Gergithus Stal are treated. Gergithus
gravidus Melichar is reported for the first time from China, and the following seven
new species are described: G. quinquemaculatus, G. spinosiis, G. chelatiis, G.parallelus,
G. miiltipunctatus, G. pseiidotessellatiis, G. yiinnanensis. The eight species are
described and illustrated, and a key is provided for their identification. Ishiharanus
Hori, 1969, is proposed as a new synonym of Gergithus Stal, 1870.
Key Words: Hemiptera, Issidae, Gergithus, new species, new synonym, China
The planthopper issid genus Gergithus All type specimens are kept in the
was established by Stal in 1870. Melichar Entomological Museum, Northwest A &
(1906) placed it in the Hemiphaerrinae of F University (NWAFU) except the
Issidae. Forty species are listed by holotype of Gergithus yunnanensis, n.
Metcalf (1958). Subsequently, Hori sp. which is deposited in the Institute of
(1969) reported on four species from Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Taiwan, China; Chou and Lu (in Chou (IZCAS).
et al. 1985) described one species, Ger-
githus esperanto, a junior synonym of Gergithus Stal, 1870
Hemisphaerius lysanias Fennah (Che et Gergithus Stal 1870: 756. Type species:
al. 2006); and Chan and Yang (1994) Hemisphaerius schawni Stal, by origi-
described six species from Taiwan and nal designation.
raised two subspecies to specific level. Ishiharanus Hori 1969: 49-64. Type
Currently, fifty-two world species are species: Gergithus iguchii Matsumura,
known. In this paper, seven new species 1916, by original designation. New
from China are described and illustrated, synonym.
one new generic synonym is proposed —
{Ishiharanus Hori, a junior synonym of Description. Body hemispherical.
Gergithus Stal), and Gergithus gravidus Head with eyes distinctly narrower than
Melichar is reported for the first time pronotum. Vertex broader than long,
from China. approximately quadrangular without
612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
carina. Ocelli present or absent. Frons - Frons without or with 1 fascia (Figs. 6, 43,
with disc coarse or smooth, slightly 61) 6
elevated. Frontoclypeal suture nearly 2. Tegmen with 3 subparallel yellow stripes
along costal margin from base to apex, 1
straight or slightly arched. Clypeus lunate macula on disk, and 3 nearly
distinctly produced downward. Rostrum elliptical subapical spots (Fig. 3)
long, reaching metatrochanter. Prono- G. gravidus Melichar
tum short and wide, with two pits on - Tegmen not as above 3
disc, anterior margin distinctly convex 3. Pygofer produced but without spine
(Fig. 38) G. parallelus, n. sp.
and posterior margin nearly truncate, - Pygofer strongly produced into large black
disc depressed. Mesoscutellum nearly spine (Figs. 19, 29, 56) 4
triangular, with two pits along lateral 4. Anal segment with apical margin strongly
margin, disc slightly elevated, with spots convex (Fig. 28); aedeaguswith2cheliform
or stripes. Tegmen nearly elliptical, processes near base and 2 hatchet-like
processes near apex (Figs. 30, 31) ....
coarsely reticulate, claval suture absent.
G. chelatus, n. sp.
Wing translucent, longer than half of - Anal segment with apical margin truncate
tegmen, veins distinctly netlike. Legs orslightlyconvex; aedeagal processes spini-
relatively long, not dilated, lateral mar- form 5
gin of hind tibia with 2 teeth. Spinal 5. Aedeagus with laterobasal processes sym-
metrical (Figs. 57, 58)
formula of hind leg (6 7M8-12)-2, in-
G. pseiidotessellatus, n. sp.
dicating number of spines at apex of - Aedeagus with laterobasal processes asym-
hind tibia and hind tarsomeres I and II. metrical (Figs. 20, 21, 22) G. spinosus, n. sp.
Male genitalia symmetrical or asym- 6. Tegmen dark brown with 5 or 10 distinct
metrical, anal segment subtriangular or yellow spots (Figs. 7, 44) 7
- Tegmen yellowish hazel with dark brown
mushroom-shaped, pygofer with or with-
stripe along costal margin and dark brown
out spines; aedeagus tubular, symmetri- spot near apex (Fig. 62)
cal or asymmetrical, with spiniform pro- G. yimnanensis, n. sp.
cesses near apex or at base, or without 7. Tegmen with 5 spots (Fig. 7); aedeagus
process. without spiniform processes (Figs. 11,
—
12) G. quinqiieniaciilatiis, n. sp.
Remarks. Hori (1969) designated G. - Tegmen with 10 spots (Fig. 44); aedeagus
iguchii Matsumura as the type species of with2 spiniformprocesses at base and long
Ishiharanus Hori by distinct color, short spiniform processes fused with nearly
pronotum and smooth frons, but all quadrate process near apex (Figs. 48,
these three characters also appear in 49) G. miiltipiinctatus, n. sp.
species of Gergithus; thus we synonymize
Gergithus gravidus Melichar
Ishiharanius with Gergithus.
(Figs. 1^)
Gergithus differs from other genera in
Hemisphaeriinae by the hemispherical Gergithus gravidus Melichar 1906: 61.
body, vertex not projected, frons without —
tubercles and wings longer than half of Description. Female. Length (in-
tegmen. cluding tegmen): 6.5 mm. Length of
Distribution.—Oriental Region (China, tegmen: 5.2 mm.
Japan, Vietnam, Philippines, India, Sin- Vertex black with 2 yellow transverse
gapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka); fasciae at base and at apex. Eyes dark
Palaearctic Region (Japan). brown. Frons piceous brown with 2
yellow transverse fasciae, I between eyes,
Key to Chinese Species of Gergithus and 1 beyond frontoclypeal suture.
\. aFgraoinnsstwiftrhon2tofcalscyipaeea,l1sbuetturweeen(Fiegyse.s2a,nd15,1 PClryopneoutsumpipciecoeuosusblbalcakc.k.RoMsetsrousmcubtreolwlnu.m
25, 34, 52) 2 piceous black with yellow fascia at
VOLUME NUMBER
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1
2
4
3
Figs. 1^. Gergithusgravidus(2). 1, Vertex and throax, dorsal view. 2, Frons andclypeus. 3, Tegmen.
4, Wing.
anterior margin and longitudinal yellow wide posteriorly, roundly sinuate. Me-
short stripe at posterior angle. Tegmen soscutellum broad and short, 2.1 X wider
piceous black with 3 subparallel yellow at widest part than long in middle.
stripes along costal margin from base to Tegmen nearly elliptical, 1.5X longer
apex, 1 lunate macula on disk, and 3 than widest part; veins protruding. Wing
nearly elliptical subapical spots (Fig. 3). large, 0.8X length of tegmen. Spinal
Wings and legs hazel. Femora with black formula of hind leg 6-—9-2.
fasciae, two sides of femora and tibiae Material examined. 12, China, Gu-
black. Venter piceous black, apex yellow. angxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,
Dorsum of abdomen hazel. Lingtian, 3 June 1984, coll. Wu Zheng-
Vertex wide and ecarinate, disc slight- Hang and Lu Xiao-Lin; 1 2, China,
ly depressed. Frons slightly convex, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,
broader than long, midlength 0.8X Longzhou, Nonghu, 13 June 1980, coll.
longer than greatest width, 1.7X wider Mao Ji-Zhen. —
at widest part than at base. Frontocly- Distribution. China (Guangxi); Viet-
peal suture nearly straight. Pronotum nam. This is a new record for China.
614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 5-13. Gergithus qumqiiemacidatus {$). 5, Vertex and throax, dorsal view. 6, Frons and clypeus.
7, Tegmen. 8, Wing. 9, Anal segment, dorsal view. 10. Pygofer, lateral view. 11, Aedeagus, left side. 12,
Aedeagus, right side. 13, Genital style, lateral view.
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Gergithiis qiiinquentaciilatiis Che, Zhang, distinctly longer than right; in lateral
and Wang, new species view, lateral lobes robust with apex
(Figs. 5-13) slender, asymmetrical, left lobe distinctly
—
Description. Male length (including longer than right; in ventral view, ventral
tegmen): 5.1 mm; length of tegmen: lobe tortuous and very long, apex
4.7 mm. Female length (including teg- tapering, spinelike. Aedeagus stout,
men): 5.3 mm; length oftegmen: 4.9 mm. strongly curved downward medially,
without spiniform processes. Genital
Vertex, frons, and eyes dark brown.
Clypeus dark brown with yellow fascia styles with apical margin wider than
median, subtriangular and rounded at
against frontoclypeal suture. Rostrum
ventrocaudal margin, process short and
brown. Pronotum dark brown. Mesos-
cutellum yellow. Tegmen shiny brown, stout, hooked near base, inner apical
with 5 distinct yellow spots arranged 1, 2, caanrgilnea ailncoinsgedvenitnroccaauuddaall mvairegwi,n;1dolrosnagl
2 from base to apex of tegmen (Fig. 7).
and ventral margins not parallel.
Wings hazel, veins dark brown. Legs —
Types. Holotypec?, China, Guangxi
hazel. Forefemur black at base, fore- and
Zhuang Autonomous Region, Longzhou
midtibiae with black stripes. Venter dark
county, Sanlian, 13 June 2000, coh. Chen
brown, apex of venter slightly black.
Jun. Paratypes: 1$, China, Guangxi
Abdominal dorsum dark brown.
Zhuang Autonomous Region, Long-
Vertex lightly wrinkled, wide and
zhou county, Sanlian, 14 June 2000, coll.
nearly quadrangular, 2.1X wider at apex
than long in middle line, disc slightly Zhu Chao-Dong; 1 2, China, Guangxi
Zhuang Autonomous Region, Longzhou
depressed. Frons slightly convex, nar-
county, Xiangshui, 8 June 1980, coll.
rower than long, midlength 1.25X longer Liang Xian-Fa (NWAFU)
than greatest width, 1.1X wider at widest Diagnosis.—This species is similar to
part than at base. Frontoclypeal suture
arched. Pronotum narrow and poster- Gergithiis igiichii but differs from the
iorly roundly sinuate. Mesoscutellum latter by the dark brown tegmen with
broad and short, 2.5X wider at widest five yellow spots and the spinal fomula
part than medial length. Tegmen nearly of the hind tib—ia as 6-9-2.
Etymology. The Latin word '"quin-
elliptical, 1.8X longer than widest part.
Wing large, 0.8X length of tegmen. quemaculatiis'" refers to the five distinct
yellow spots on the tegmen.
Spinal formula of hind leg 6-9-2.
Male genitalia: Anal segment moder- Gergithiis spinosus Che, Zhang, and
ately long in dorsal view, longer than Wang, new species
medial width. Lateral margin strongly
(Figs. 14-23)
convex, apical margin strongly concave; —
in lateral view basal margin almost Description. Male length (including
straight, ventral margin strongly convex, tegmen): 6.0 mm; length of tegmen:
angles tapering. Anal tube situated about 4.9 mm. Female length (including teg-
in middle of anal segment. Pygofer in men): 6.2 mm; length oftegmen: 5.1 mm.
profile slightly longer ventrally than Vertex dark yellowish green. Eyes
dorsally; dorsocaudal angle strongly pro- black. Frons hazel with 2 pale green
duced. Connective fused with aedeagus, fasciae, 1 narrow, between eyes and 1
U-shaped, asymmetrical, with lateral, broad, against frontoclypeal suture;
ventral and dorsal lobes; in dorsal view, black spot on each side of frons near
dorsal lobes long and narrow, right and antenna. Clypeus piceous black, apex
left dorsal lobes asymmetrical, left lobe and base pale green. Rostrum brown.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
616
Figs. 14-23. Gergitlnis spinosus (<?). 14, Vertex and throax, dorsal view. 15, Frons and clypeus. 16,
Tegmen. 17, Wing. 18, Anal segment,dorsal view. 19, Pygofer, lateralview. 20, Aedeagus, dorsalview. 21,
Aedeagus, left side. 22, Basal part ofaedeagus, right side. 23, Genital style, lateral view.
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Pronotum hazel with anterior margin rounded at ventrocaudal margin, process
and disc pale green. Mesoscutellum dark short and stout, hooked near base, inner
yellowish green. Tegmen yellowish hazel apical angle incised in caudal view,
(female with irregular dark brown spot ventrocaudal margin with subapical pro-
on disc of tegmen). Wing brown. Legs cess below a nearly quadrate carina;
hazel, fore- and midfemora with black dorsal an—d ventral margins not parallel.
fasciae, hind femur black, fore- and Types. Holotype $ China, Hainan
,
midtibiae with black stripes. Venter dark Prov., Jianfeng Mountain, 7 June 1984,
brown, apex of venter yellowish. Ab- coll. Lin You-Dong. Paratypes: 2?,
dominal dorsum dark brown. same data as holotype; 1 2, China,
Vertex slightly wrinkled, disc slightly Hainan Prov., Jianfeng Mountain, 4
depressed, wide and nearly quadrangu- December 1974, coll. Yang Chi-Kun;
lar, 1.3X wider at apex than midlength. \S, China, Hainan Prov., Jianfeng
Frons slightly convex, narrower than Mountain, 13 August 1981, coll. Gu
long, midlength 1.1X longer than width Mao-Bin; 12, China, Hainan Prov.,
at widest part, 1.6X wider at widest part Jianfeng Mountain, 26 June 1981, coll.
than at base. Frontoclypeal suture nearly Gu Mao-Bin (NWAFU)
straight. Pronotum narrow and poster- Diagnosis.—This species resembles
iorly almost straight. Mesoscutellum Gergithusforniosanus Metcalf, but differs
broad and short, 2.1X wider at widest from the latter by the frons with two
part than medial length. Tegmen nearly transverse fasciae and two black spots
elliptical, 1.9X longer than widest part. near the antenna, and the aedeagus with
Wing large, 0.8X length of tegmen.
five processes.
Spinal formula of hind leg 6 10-2. Etymology.—The Latin species name
Male genitalia: Anal segment moder-
''spinosus'"' refers to the spiniform dorso-
ately long, in dorsal viewnearly trapezoid,
caudal angle of the pygofer.
about equal in length to medial width;
lateral margin strongly convex, apical Gergithus chelatus Che, Zhang, and
margin slightly concave, basal margin Wang, new species
almost straight, in profile ventral margin (Figs. 24-32)
strongly convex. Anal tube nearmiddle of —
anal segment. Pygofer in profile alm-ost Description. Male length (including
equal ventrally to dorsally, dorsocaudal tegmen): 4.8-5.0 mm; length of tegmen:
angle strongly produced, spinelike. Con- 3.9^.1 mm. Female length (including
nective fused with aedeagus, U-shaped, tegmen): 5.1 mm; length of tegmen:
asymmetrical, with lateral, ventral, and 4.2 mm.
dorsal lobes; in dorsal view, dorsal lobes Vertex dark brown, basal part pale
bilobate, tapering to apex, long, apical green. Eyes black. Frons dark brown with
margin undulate; in lateral view lateral 2narrowpalegreen fasciae, 1 betweeneyes
lobes bilobate, apex tapering; in ventral and 1 against frontoclypeal suture. Clyp-
view, ventral lobe distinctly shorter than eus and pronotumpiceous black. Rostrum
dorsal and lateral lobes, apex broad and brown. Mesoscutellum pale green, poste-
rounded. Aedeagus stout, strongly curved rior angle dark brown. Tegmen brown,
downward medially, with 5 spiniform with 4 pale-green transverse fasciae and
proecesses, 2 lanciform processes near pale-green subapical spot. Wing hazel.
apex and 3 short spiniform processes near Legshazel, fore- and midfemoraand tibiae
base 1 dorsally and 2 laterally, asymmet- with black stripe, hindfemurblack. Venter
rical. Genital styles with apical margin dark brown, apex pale green. Abdominal
wider than median, subtriangular and dorsum dark brown.
618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
30
Figs. 24—32. Gergitlms chelatus (u ). 24, Vertex and throax, dorsal view. 25, Frons and clypeus. 26,
Tegmen. 27,Wing. 28, Anal segment, dorsalview. 29, Pygofer, lateral view. 30, Aedeagus,dorsalview. 31,
Aedeagus, left side. 32, Genital style, lateral view.
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Vertex wrinkled, 1.2X wider at apex Mountain, 5 August 1982, coll. Liang
than medial length, disc distinctly de- Cheng-Feng (NWAFU)
—
pressed. Frons convex, narrower than Diagnosis. This species is similar to
long, 1.1 X longer medially than greatest Gergithus lineatus Kato, but differs from
width, 1.6x wider at widest part than at the latter by the tegmen with four fasciae
base. Frontoclypeal suture nearly and one spot, and the frons with two
straight. Pronotum wide and posteriorly transverse stripes.
—
roundly sinuate. Mesoscutellum narrow Etymology. The species name is de-
and short, 2.1X wider at widest part than rived from the Latin word "'chelate,''
medial length. Tegmen 1.6X longer than referring to the aedeagus with chelate
widest part. Wing large, 0.8X length of processes.
tegmen. Spinal formula ofhind leg 6-9-2.
Male genitalia: Anal segment moder- Gergithusparallelus Che, Zhang, and
ately long, in dorsal view nearly oval, Wang, new species
longer than medial width. Lateral margin (Figs. 33-41)
strongly convex, apical margin convex, —
Description. Male length (including
basal margin slightly concave, in profile
tegmen): 3.9 mm; length of tegmen:
ventral margin strongly convex. Anal
tubenearmiddle ofanalsegment. Pygofer 3.4 mm. Female length (including teg-
men): 4.3 mm; length of tegmen:
in profile slightly longer ventrally than
mm.
3.8
dorsally, dorsocaudal angle strongly pro-
Vertex dark brown, basal half pale
duced, spinelike. Connective fused with
aedeagus, U-shaped, symmetrical, with yellowish green. Eyes dark brown. Frons
lateral, ventral, and dorsal lobes; dorsal brown with 2 narrow pale-green fasciae,
lobes bilobate in dorsal view, tapering 1 between eyes and 1 against frontocly-
with apex rounded; in lateral view lateral peal suture. Clypeus brown with base
pale brown. Rostrum and pronotum
lobes bilobate, tapering to acute apex; in
brown. Mesoscutellum yellowish green,
ventral view, ventral lobe distinctly
shorter than dorsal and lateral lobes, posterior angle dark brown. Tegmen
apex rounded. Aedeagus stout, slightly yellowish hazel with veins dark brown.
curved downward medially, with 4 spini- Wing brown. Legs hazel, fore- and
form processes, 2 cheliform processes midfemora and tibiae with black stripes.
near base, and 2 hatchetlike processes Venter dark brown, apex slightly hazel.
near apex. Genital styles with apical Dorsum of abdomen pale yellowish
margin wider than median, subtriangular green.
and rounded at ventrocaudal margin, Vertex wrinkled, twice as wide at apex
process short and stout, hooked near than medial length, disc distinctly de-
base, inner apical angle incised in caudal pressed. Frons slightly convex, about as
view, process short and tapering, a short broad as long, 1.1X longer medially than
carina along dorsalcaudal margin, dorsal greatest width, 1.5X wider at widest part
and ventral margins not parallel. thanatbase. Frontoclypeal sutureslightly
—
Types. Holotypec?, China, Hainan arched. Pronotum wide, posteriorly al-
Prov., Jianfeng Mountain, 25 July 1983, most straight. Mesoscutellum narrow and
coll. Hua Li-Zhong. Paratypes: 1 S, short, 2.9X wider at widest part than
China, Hainan Prov., Jianfeng Moun- medial length. Tegmen 1.5X longer than
tain, 8 July 1982, coll. Liu Yuan-Fu; 2$, widest part; veins distinct and thickened,
China, Hainan Prov., Jianfeng Moun- forming concentric arcs. Wing small,
tain, 15 July 1981, coll. Liu Yuan-Fu; 0.65X length of tegmen. Spinal formula
12, China, Hainan Prov., Jianfeng ofhind leg 6 9-2.
620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 33^L Gergitlnisparallehis {$). 33, Vertex and throax, dorsal view. 34, Frons and clypeus. 35,
Tegmen. 36,Wing. 37, Anal segment,dorsalview. 38, Pygofer, lateralview. 39, Aedeagus, dorsalview. 40,
Aedeagus, left view. 41, Genital style, lateral view.
