Security Trends for FPGAs: From Secured to Secure Reconfigurable Systems

2011·4.2 MB·English

by  Badrignans, Danger, Fischer, Gogniat & Torres

Security Trends for FPGAS
Benoit Badrignans (cid:2) Jean Luc Danger (cid:2)
Viktor Fischer (cid:2) Guy Gogniat (cid:2) Lionel Torres
Editors
Security Trends
for FPGAS
From Secured to Secure Reconfigurable
Systems
Editors
BenoitBadrignans GuyGogniat
Netheos Lab-STICC—UMRCNRS3192
Montpellier Bretagne-SudUniversity
France Lorient
[email protected] France
[email protected]
JeanLucDanger
TelecomParis-Tech
LionelTorres
Paris
LIRMM—UMRCNRS5506
France
UniversityofMontpellier2
[email protected]
Montpellier
France
ViktorFischer
[email protected]
HubertCurienLaboratory—UMR
CNRS5516
JeanMonnetUniversity
Saint-Etienne
France
fi[email protected]
ISBN978-94-007-1337-6 e-ISBN978-94-007-1338-3
DOI10.1007/978-94-007-1338-3
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork
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Foreword
It is a great pleasure for me to write this foreword about a book that comes out
ofoneofthefirstresearchprojectsfundedbyANR,theFrenchNationalResearch
Agency.ANRwasestablishedbytheFrenchgovernmentin2005tofundresearch
projects,basedoncompetitiveschemesgivingresearchersthebestopportunitiesto
realizetheirprojectsandpavingthewayforgroundbreakingnewknowledge.The
role of the Agency is to bring more flexibility to the French research system, fos-
ter new dynamics and devise cutting edge-strategies for acquiring new expertise.
By identifying priority areas and fostering publicprivate collaborations, the ANR
also aims at enhancingthe generallevelof competitivenessof boththe French re-
searchsystemandtheFrencheconomy.Thefirstcallsforproposalwerelaunchedin
early2005,selectionbypeerreviewtookplace,andICTER(InformationIntegrity
andConfidentialityforReconfigurableTechnologies),wasoneofthefirstselected
projectswhichaddressedtheissueofsecurityindigitalcircuitsandsystems.Since
then, many other projects have been submitted to and funded by ANR on closely
related topics, this is certainly another measure of the success of ICTER. A few
years later, the project results are found to be quite impressive, among which this
bookisclearlyasignificantoutcome.Itwillcontributetoabetterunderstandingof
technologies related to the digital security of electronic devices, which are at the
core of information technology as they are key to the trust that we can put in our
digitalsystems.Writingabookofthismagnitudeisasignificanteffort;Iwishmuch
successtoitandcongratulatetheauthorsfortheirachievement.Iseeitasanother
proofforANRofthedynamismoftheFrenchresearch.
Paris,France ProfessorBertrandBraunschweig
2011,March HeadoftheInformationandCommunicationTechnology
DepartmentoftheANR
v
Preface
Thisbookistheresultofanationalproject(ICTER)fundedbytheFrenchNational
Research Agency (ANR) and involving four research centers (Montpellier, Paris,
Lorient, Saint-Etienne) and a private company. When the project started in 2005,
veryfewstudiesaddressedthetopicofdigitalsecurityforreconfigurablearchitec-
turesincludingFPGAs(FieldProgrammableGateArrays).Butitwasalreadyclear
that the sustained rate of integrating hardware and software resources in FPGAs
would impact future embedded systems, especially in the field of digital security.
The complexity of global systems has increased opportunities for designers and
users but also resulted in an increase in vulnerabilities. We foresaw this problem
and decided to combine efforts to identify the strengths and weaknesses of recon-
figurable platforms from the point of view of security. We discovered a world of
immenseanduniqueopportunitiesforresearch.Ourchoiceimmediatelyfocusedon
aholisticview,takingintoaccounttechnological,logical,architecturalandsystem
levels,andhence,thesecuritypyramid.Thisconceptcorrespondstoavaluechain
structure in which the close links between each stage represent a significant gain,
butalsomanypotentialsecurityflaws.
Since2005,wehavenotonlybeenmonitoringdevelopmentsinthefieldbutalso
been contributing to the state of the art. We have shown that by taking the target
technology into account, it is possible to provide innovative techniques to build a
systemrobustenoughwithstandalargenumberofattacks.Wedonotclaimtohave
solved every problem, but we have established some rules and benchmarks that
will undoubtedly be used in future applications on FPGAs. We would like to take
thisopportunitytothankallthecontributorstothisbook,colleaguesandPhDand
Masterstudentswhosharedandcontributedtothesamescientificobjectivesaswe
did.AwarmthanktoDr.ReouvenElbaz,fromIntelcompany,whofriendlyspent
timetobringcommentsandremarksonourwork.Weallparticipatedtogetherinthis
veryexcitingprojectthatinvolvedmanyenthusiasticdiscussionsandculminatedin
thesignificantcontributionswearehappytosharewithyouhere.Thisprojectwas
generouslysupportedbyFrenchResearchAgency,ANR.1Infact,in2005ourswas
1http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/.
vii
viii Preface
among the very first projects to be approved by the ANR. We thank the ANR for
havingconfidenceinusandforsupportingthiswork,withoutthissupport,thisbook
wouldnotexist.
“SecuritytrendsforFPGAs”isdesignedforallthosewhowouldliketoupgrade
their knowledge in the field of security and digital platforms including reconfig-
urableFPGAs.Webelieveyouwillfindmanyusefultechnicalreferencesandsolu-
tionstoyourproblems.Wehadalotfunwritingthisbook,wehopeyouwillenjoy
readingitjustasmuch.
Montpellier,France BenoitBadrignans
Paris,France JeanLucDanger
Saint-Etienne,France ViktorFischer
Lorient,France GuyGogniat
Montpellier,France LionelTorres
Editors and Chapter Authors
Editors
Benoit Badrignans: Benoit Badrignans obtained his PhD in 2009 at the Labora-
tory of Informatics, Robotics and Microelectronics, University of Montpellier 2,
andhisengineeringdegreeatthePolytech’Montpellier.Heiscurrentlyworkingfor
NETHEOS(aprivatecompany)inMontpellier,France,asexpertengineerinhard-
waresecuritysystems.
Jean Luc Danger: Jean Luc Danger is Professor(in English Professor is the per-
son who has the chair, if this isn’t the case, he’s probably called a senior lecturer)
at TELECOM ParisTech (www.telecom-paristech.fr/). He obtained his engineer-
ing degree in Electrical Engineering at the École Supérieure d’Électricité (Paris)
in1981.After12yearsinindustriallaboratories(Philips,Nokia),hejoinedTELE-
COM ParisTech in 1993. He is currently head of the digital electronic system re-
searchgroupandconductsresearchinthefieldofsecurityfor embeddedsystems,
configurablearchitecturesandimplementationofcomplexalgorithmsfortelecom-
munications. Jean Luc Danger is the author of many scientific publications (and
patents)onarchitecturesofembeddedsystemsandsecurity,heisco-founderofthe
companySecure-IC(www.secure-ic.com).
ViktorFisher:ViktorFischerisProfessorlecturerinElectricalandComputerEn-
gineeringattheUniversityJeanMonnetinSaint-Etienne,France,wherehehasbeen
since1991,firstasavisitinglecturer6monthsayearandfrom2006asafull-time
lecturer.HeobtainedhisMSEEandPhDdegreesin1981and1991attheTechni-
calUniversityinKosice,Slovakrepublic.From1981to1991,hewasaresearcher
and assistant lecturer in the Department of Electronics, Kosice Technical Univer-
sity. From 1991 to 2006, he worked as a custom chip designer and consultant in
thesemiconductorindustry.HisresearchisinthegeneralareaofVLSIdesignand
especiallyintheuseofreconfigurabledevicesforimageprocessinganddatasecu-
rity.HeiscurrentlyheadoftheSecuredEmbeddedSystemsresearchgroupatthe
HubertCurienLaboratory(Saint-Etienne,France)andhismainresearchareaistrue
ix
x EditorsandChapterAuthors
randomnumbergenerationandconfidentialkeymanagementforcryptographyap-
plicationsandsecurityofembeddedreconfigurablesystems.Hehaspublishedover
60refereedpublicationsintheseareasandisamemberofprogramcommitteesof
severalleadingconferencesinthefield.
Guy Gogniat: Guy Gogniat obtained his MSEE degree at the University of Paris
Sud,Orsay,France,in1995,andhisPhDinelectricalandcomputerengineeringat
theUniversityofNice-Sophia,Antipolis,France,in1997.HeiscurrentlyaProfes-
sor lecturer in electrical and computer engineering at the University of Bretagne-
Sud,Lorient,France,wherehehasbeensince1998.In2005,hespentoneyearat
theUniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,USA,asaninvitedresearcher,wherehe
workedonembeddedsystemsecurityusingReconfigurabletechnologies.Hiswork
focuses on the design of and methods and tools for embedded systems. He also
conductsresearchinreconfigurableandadaptivecomputingandembeddedsystem
security.
Lionel Torres: Lionel Torres obtained his MSc in 1993 and his PhD 1996 at the
University of Montpellier 2. From 1996 to 1997 he worked for ATMEL (a pri-
vate company) as R&D engineer. From 1997 to 2004 he was associate professor
at the University of Montpellier 2, Polytech’Montpellier (Microelectronic design)
andLIRMMlaboratory.In2004,hebecamefullProfessorandwasheadofthemi-
croelectronicsdepartmentofLIRMMfrom2007to2010.Heisnowdeputyheadof
thePolytech’Montpellierengineeringschool.Hisresearchinterestsandskillscon-
cernreconfigurablecomputingandsystemlevelarchitecture,withspecificfocuson
securityandcryptographicapplications.HeleadsseveralEuropean,nationalandin-
dustrialprojectsinthisfield.Heisinvolvedinmajorconferencesandjournalsand
is(co-)authorofmorethat150publications.
Contributors
Lyonel Barthe: Lyonel Barthe obtained his engineering degree in electronics at
Polytech’Montpellier (University of Montpellier 2), Montpellier, France, in 2009.
HeiscurrentlyaPhDstudentgrantedbytheDGAattheLaboratoryofInformatics,
RoboticsandMicroelectronics,Montpellier,France.
PascalBenoit:PascalBenoitobtainedhisMScinMicroelectronicsandAutomated
Systems at the University of Montpellier, France, in 2001. He obtained his PhD
in Computer Engineering at the University of Montpellier in 2004. In November
2004, he joined the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology at the University of Karl-
sruhe, Germany,where he worked as a scientificassistant. Since September 2005,
he as been permanent Associate Professor at the University of Montpellier 2. He
teaches the design and programming of embedded systems at the École Polytech-
niqueUniversitairedeMontpellierandconductshisresearchactivitiesatLIRMM,
theMontpellierLaboratoryofInformatics,Robotics,andMicroelectronicswhichis
EditorsandChapterAuthors xi
a joint University of Montpellier 2 (UM2) and CNRS Department of Information
andEngineeringSciencesandTechnologiesresearchunit.Theobjectiveofhisre-
search is to design self-adaptive architectures to reduce their power consumption,
compensatefortheirtechnologicalvariability,andimprovetheirreliabilityandse-
curity. He is involved in major international conferences and projects in the field,
andisthe(co-)authorofmorethan60publications.
FlorentBernard:FlorentBernardisassociateprofessorattheHubertCurienLab-
oratory (Saint-Etienne, France) (http://laboratoirehubertcurien.fr). He obtained his
BScinmathematicsattheUniversityofAngersandhisMScincryptographyatthe
UniversityofGrenoble.HeobtainedhisPhDincomputerscienceattheUniversity
Paris 8 in 2007, since when he has been working in the SES (Secured Embedded
System)teamheadedbyPr.ViktorFischer.Hisresearchinterestsareintheareaof
modelingandevaluatingTRNGprinciplesandhardwareimplementationofcrypto-
graphicfunctions.
PascalCotret:PascalCotretreceivedhisMScinopticsandelectronicsatTelecom
Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France in 2009, and his BEng Electronic Engineer-
ing degree at the University of Glamorgan, Treforest, United Kingdom in 2008.
He has been at the Lab-STICC laboratory, University of South Brittany, Lorient,
France, since January 2010 where he is preparing his PhD. His research interests
include electronic security systems and multiprocessor architectures for reconfig-
urabletechnologiessuchasFPGAs.
JeremieCrenne:JermieCrennereceivedhisMScinelectronicsandcomputersci-
ence at the University of South Brittany, Lorient, France, in 2008. He is currently
preparinghisPhDattheLab-STICCLaboratory,UniversityofSouthBrittany,Lori-
ent,France.Hisresearchinterestsincludeelectronicssecurityinembeddedsystems
especiallywithreconfigurabledevices.
Amine Dehbaoui: Amine Dehbaoui obtained his engineering degree at the École
Nationale Supérieure de l’Électronique et de ses Applications (Paris, France) in
2006,hisMScinCryptologyandComputerSecurityattheUniversityofBordeauxI
in 2007, and his PhD in Hardware Security at the University of Montpellier II in
2010.Heiscurrentlyapost-docattheLIRMMlaboratory,Montpellier,France.
Florian Devic: Florian Devic obtained his engineering degree in electronics at
Polytech’Montpellier (University of Montpellier 2), Montpellier, France in 2009.
He is currently preparing his PhD in the framework of the collaboration between
the Laboratory of Informatics, Robotics and Microelectronics of Montpellier and
NETHEOS(aprivatecompany)inMontpellier,France.
Jean-PhilippeDiguet:Jean-PhilippeDiguetobtainedhisMScandPhDatRennes
University,Rennes,France,in1993and1996,respectively.Histhesisaddressedthe
estimation of hardware complexity and algorithmic transformations for high level
synthesis.Since1998,hehasbeenwiththeUniversityofSouthBrittany(UBS),Lo-
rient, France, where he started the Design Trotter research project in design space
exploration at both algorithmic and systems levels, and since 2004, he has been a