Security Supervision and Management: Theory and Practice of Asset Protection

609 Pages·2015·15.995 MB·English

by  International Foundation for Protection Officers (IFPO), Sandi J Davies

Security Supervision
and Management
Theory and Practice of Asset Protection
Fourth Edition
International Foundation for Protection Officers
Edited by
Sandi J. Davies
Christopher A. Hertig
Brion P. Gilbride
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON
NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO
Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier
Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK
225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
First edition 1995
Second edition 1999
Third edition 2008
Fourth edition 2015
Copyright © 1995, 1999, 2008, 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the
Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance
Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher
(other than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden
our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may
become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information
or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom
they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any
injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise,
or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material
herein.
ISBN: 978-0-12-800113-4
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications
visit our website at http://store.elsevier.com
Dedication
I fondly dedicate my contributions to this book to the loyal supporters of the International
Foundation for Protection Officers (IFPO). For more then 25 years, the IFPO has been offering
professional development opportunities to individuals in the security industry that has directly
and favorably impacted their careers. To all of those who have contributed to the success of this
Foundation and of course this project, I thank you!
On a more personal note, I want to thank Douglas D. Schumann for his patience, under-
standing, and support over the course of this project. He kept me laughing and smiling during
this sometimes difficult and challenging journey! With all my love…
—Sandi J. Davies
First and foremost, I want to dedicate my contribution to this book to my wife and children. It
was with their love and support that I was able to participate in this most worthwhile endeavor.
Secondly, I want to thank my co-authors Sandi and Chris for granting me the honor and
privilege of sitting at the table with them to develop the best edition yet!
—Brion P. Gilbride, CPP, CSSM, CPO
To the “forgotten soldiers” in my life: the women who supported my writing and teaching.
My wife Carla, who started me writing and is forever by my side. My friend Jackie. My mother
Betty and grandmother Violet, who taught me and gave me so many things. And Cynthia, who
helped when it was needed.
And to those I taught and helped along the way. They gave me back more than they will
ever know.
—Christopher A. Hertig, CPP, CPOI
List of Authors and Contributors
Authors Robert A. Metscher, MBA, CPP, CISSP, CFE
Matthew J. Millsaps, BS, P-C, CPO
Fern Abbott
Ronald R. Minion, CPP, CPOI, CPO
Brian D. Baker, MA, CPP, PCI, CPOI
Eloy L. Nunez, Ph.D
Daniel R. Baker
Patricia A. O’Donoghue
Tucker Beecher
H.D.G.T. Oey
Inge Sebyan Black, BA, CPP, CFE, CPOI
Kevin E. Palacios, M.Sc., CPP, PSP, CPOI
John T. Brobst Jr., CSSM, CPO
Marianna Perry, MS, CPP
Paul A. Caron, BS
Kevin E. Peterson, CPP, CPOI, CIPM II
Jeffrey L. Colorossi, M.Sc, CISM, CISSP, CHFI
David L. Ray, BA, LL.B
Tom M. Conley, MA, CPP, CPOI, CPO
Andrew R. Reitnauer, MSFE, CLPE, CSCSA, CPO
Dr. Gerald D. Curry
Randy W. Rowett, CSSM, CPO
Dr. Michael Dannecker, MPA, CSSM, CPO
Jeffrey A. Slotnick, CPP, PSP
Whitney DeCamp, Ph.D.
Larry Steele, MA, MA-TH, CPO
James A. DeMeo, MS
Matt Stiehm, Ph.D.
Bruce W. Dobbins, CPP, CPOI
Charles T. Thibodeau, M.Ed., CPP, CSSM, CPOI
Dr. Ona Ekhomu, CFE, CPP
Franklin R. Timmons, CPP, CPOI
Erik D. Erikson, CPO, CPOI
Ann Y. Trinca, Esq., CPP, CSSM, CPOI
Lawrence J. Fennelly, CPOI, CSSM, HLS-III
Ernest G. Vendrell, Ph.D., CEM, CPP, CPO
Eric L. Garwood, CPP, CPO, CSS
Mavis Vet, CSSM, CPO
Brion P. Gilbride, CPP, CSSM, CPO
Ted Wade, MA
Col. K.C. Goswami, CPOI
Scott A. Watson, MCJ, M.Ed., CPP, CFE
David N. Halcovitch, BA, CAS, CPOI
Eric Webb
Kevin Herskovitz, MS
Christopher A. Hertig, CPP, CPOI Contributors
Christopher Innace, CPO
Eric Stauffer, CPO
Glen Kitteringham, MS, CPP, CSSM, CPO
James Drymiller, CPP
Dr. Bryan Kling, CPO
Alice Grime
James J. Leflar Jr., MA, CPP, CBCP, MBCI
David Foldi, CPP, CPOI
Gary Lyons, BA, CPO, CSSM, CPP
Author and contributor profiles can be found on the IFPO website: www.ifpo.org
xiii
Foreword
Marianna Perry and Lawrence J. Fennelly
Times have changed!
The baby boomers are retiring. The face of security is changing. Research is being done
to advance the security profession to provide the highest level of protection while at the same
time increasing the bottom-line profitability of the organization.
College courses are changing—going forward, the combination of business as a major
field of study, and security or information technology as a minor, will be the new norm. This
change is being implemented to prepare security professionals to properly protect corporate
assets.
The new “buzz words” from 2015 to 2020 will be:
1. W hat kind of skill set does the candidate/officer have?
2. W hat certifications and specialization does the candidate/officer have?
3. B oth physical and informational security will be merging with the move toward
certifications.
4. C areer pathways will be used by way of internships.
5. Y our certification will be the bar for testing qualifications.
6. E ducation for a career in security is being redesigned. Are you ready?
Plan for the future now!
This is, in our opinion, a one-of-a-kind text that has been specifically written and offered
to readers: the supervisor or manager, as well as the aspiring protection officer or university
student. There is no substitute for experience, but this goes a long way in preparing the read-
ers (participants) for their journey on the management career path and certifications. When
we were both supervisors, there was no text and very little additional training provided for
supervisors.
We salute all of the many contributors who assisted in putting the text together and
sharing their expertise to make the path easier to attain supervisory skills and abilities. Dur-
ing the past 5 years, a lot has changed both nationally and internationally. Homeland security
has developed and terrorism remains an ever evolving threat. Organized retail crime, identity
theft/information loss, and natural disasters also continue to be major concerns of protec-
tion professionals. The top 10 crime threat problems according to a Securitas 2012 survey of
Fortune 1000 companies are: cyber/communications security, workplace violence prevention,
business continuity, employee selection/screening, property crime (e.g., external theft, vandal-
ism), general employee theft, crisis management and response, unethical business conduct,
litigation for inadequate security, and identity theft.
Consequently, the education and training provided must meet these threats. Supervi-
sors and managers must be well versed in these topics and must inspire their subordinates to
acquire more education, training, and experience. They must continually emphasize profes-
sional growth and development of the individual officer, agent, or investigator. Organizational
development occurs when substantial numbers of the protection organization have under-
gone professional development experiences.
xv
xvi FOREWORD
Programs offered by the International Foundation for Protection Officers and others are
examples of professional growth experiences. Individual employers and colleges may create
their own.
Regardless of origin, the supervisor is the conduit for professional growth. He or she must
embrace opportunities for professional and organizational development. He or she must lead
by example.
What Is a Supervisor?
What does it mean to be a supervisor? First, supervisors may be called on to handle numerous
conflicts. Second, they will be required to meet management’s or their client’s expectations in
the daily routine of operational activities.
The supervisor is the backbone of the organization. His or her scope of responsibility is
rather unique:
• The person who represents higher authority.
• The person who assesses situations and conditions to make on-the-spot judgments without
favor, prejudice, or fear.
• The person who is a responder to any and all situations.
• The person who must galvanize the efforts of many to attain stated goals.
• The person who must assign tasks and ensure compliance and constant quality
performance.
• The person who is accountable and, therefore, first in line to shoulder reaction, both good
and bad.
• Finally, the person who must make a decision for management based on his or her
professional development. The supervisor is the backbone of the organization. His or her
scope of responsibility is rather unique.
What Is a Manager?
New Supervisors/Managers
The most demanding problem for the supervisors within a protection department will be the
transition from the position of security officer to that of supervisor. The supervisor’s role should
be to assist in enabling the manager to provide a level of support within the organization.
Supervisors must take responsibility for corporate regulations, moral and ethical tone, as well
as providing the required level of security and customer service required.
• A manager designs and develops security, safety, and investigative programs.
• Managers work with budgets and other resources (equipment, uniforms, technology,
software, etc.) to ensure that the protective mission is achieved.
• Managers oversee processes (procedures) that accomplish organizational goals and
objectives.
• Staff functions without a supervisory span of control over line employees may be performed
by managers. Training, technical support, auditing, etc. are staff functions.
• A manager coordinates activities rather than supervises them.
• Turnover and job rotation can create overall improvement and a challenge.
• The manager should stay current on industry events by reviewing news sources, trade
publications, and web sources, such as the IFPO Article Archives, among others.
FOREWORD xvii
As the job changes, so must the training and the level of skills within the department
increase. Professionals develop a “discipline of training” and continuously seek to improve
their knowledge and abilities.
Similarly, new managers have some adjusting to do. We feel it is important to advise read-
ers that as a new manager, one has to learn how to develop and exercise (not abuse) their newly
acquired authority, power and influence effectively. This can be done by establishing one’s
credibility—the earning of subordinate’s commitment and support.
Management is an art as well as a science; it is, perhaps, more art than science. New man-
agers are at the crossroads, looking to make the right turns. Consider the following: A new man-
ager is the person in charge. His or her elevation to the status of manager through promotion
has given him or her the authority.
• A new manager is a person with a level of power and is a decision maker.
• Security managers also need to stay current with trends and issues such as cybercrime,
terrorism trends, emergency management and fire safty issues.
• A new manager is knowledgeable in his or her field.
• A new manager uses his or her developed skills, ideas, education, and experience.
• A new manager supervises his or her subordinates and passes information down the line as
well as up the chain of command.
• A new manager has the responsibility to be aware of employer policy as well as client
requirements and the level of security required within the organization.
• As one develops on-the-job experience as a new manager, he or she starts to understandand
accept the new responsibilities as well as what it means to be a manager.
Those who have been promoted to the rank of supervisor or manager should:
• Learn how to supervise and adjust to the new role.
• Develop leadership skills.
• Develop interpersonal skills.
• Develop knowledge of who they are. Know thyself.
• Learn how to cope and deal with stress and emotion associated with management
concerns.

As one progresses in his or her career, these learning points become ingrained. They
become second nature. They become part of oneself.
Conclusion
Supervisors and managers will be called on to make decisions every day; some will be easy,
whereas others quite difficult. Every decision cannot have been made properly without a foun-
dation of education, training, and experience, supported by “street smarts.” Decision-making
ability may be introduced in a classroom or from a book; it is perfected through experience.
Being on the front line and being prepared and willing to make the tough decisions is what
being an effective security supervisor and manager is all about.
Acknowledgments
Compiling a book of this nature requires a tremendous amount of teamwork. The profession-
als who contributed their time, effort, and commitment to this text deserve heartfelt thanks.
The International Foundation for Protection Officers is very fortunate to have a network of
dedicated professionals who make projects like this possible. Alice Grime, David Foldi, and
Chuck Thibodeau deserve special mention for both “steering the ship” and making sure that it
remained “seaworthy.”
The contributions made by these dedicated team members provide the framework of a
significant undertaking that brings positive recognition to the private/public security sector.
It will help those who implement and manage security to find the tools to work with, and it
will help those who need protection better understand the horrendous challenges involved in
keeping an organization and its people safe and secure.
Special thanks to Christopher A. Hertig, CPP, CPOI, and Brion P. Gilbride, CPP, CSSM, CPO.
Without their energy, direction, and dedication to the team goals, we could not have developed
this purposeful reference text that will serve so many.
Space precludes us from individually recognizing all contributing authors, so we draw
your attention to the outstanding credentials of each of the 50-plus writers. These credentials,
as well as additional information and resources, can be found at www.ifpo.com.
Finally, we salute the International Foundation for Protection Officers, whose unselfish
commitment to professionalism is evident in these notable contributions.
xix
Introduction
Sandi J. Davies, Christopher A. Hertig, and Brion P. Gilbride
Sandi J. Davies, Co-editor
Sandi began her career in contract security in 1980 with a primary focus on personnel admin-
istration. She became deeply involved in training and was instrumental in developing security
officer training programs for a major national guard company. Her interest in security training
grew, and in 1988 she joined the newly formed International Foundation for Protection Officers
(IFPO) as an administrative assistant. In 1991, she was named executive director of the IFPO
and has been a driving force in Foundation program development worldwide and administra-
tion ever since. Sandi is a long-time member of ASIS International, having served in various
executive positions at the chapter level. Sandi is also a member and former chair of the ASIS
International Security Services Council and a member of the Women in Security Council.
Christopher A. Hertig, CPP, CPOI, Co-editor
Chris began his career in 1975 as a part-time student aide in the Security Department during
his junior year in college. He has worked as a security officer and supervisor in various settings.
He also did some investigative work and was a park police officer. In 1980, he became a Nuclear
Security Training Administrator, where he developed instructional materials and taught secu-
rity personnel. In late 1982, he met a young woman named Carla who inspired him to con-
tinue his graduate education and write for publication. He subsequently began writing and has
published hundreds of articles, reviews, chapters, and books.
In 1984, he married Carla, completed his master’s degree, and joined the Behavioral
Sciences Department at York College of Pennsylvania. Chris has been active on the ASIS Inter-
national Academic Programs Council. He is a member of the Board of Directors for the IFPO
and has worked with the National Partnership for Careers in Law, Public Safety, Corrections,
and Security. He has held instructor credentials in a number of subjects and is both a Certified
Protection Professional (CPP) and Certified Protection Officer Instructor (CPOI).
Brion P. Gilbride, CPP, CSSM, CPO, Co-editor
Brion began his career in 1996 as a part-time campus security officer. He worked as a security
officer and first-line supervisor in campus security and industrial security, earning his Certified
Protection Officer (CPO) and Certified in Security Supervision and Management (CSSM) cre-
dentials. Brion began his law enforcement career in 2001 as an Inspector with the US Customs
Service (now US Customs & Border Protection). He served as a Customs and Border Protection
Officer in the land, air, and sea environments prior to promotion to Supervisory Customs &
Border Protection Officer in 2007. From there, he transitioned into program management in
2009 at the regional level and in 2011 at the national (headquarters) level, specializing in insider
xxi