Scribes as Sages and Prophets: Scribal Traditions in Biblical Wisdom Literature and in the Book of the Twelve

308 Pages·2020·1.041 MB·English

by  Krispenz, Jutta

ScribesasSagesandProphets
Beihefte zur Zeitschrift
für die alttestamentliche
Wissenschaft
Edited by
John Barton, Reinhard G. Kratz, Nathan MacDonald,
Sara Milstein, Carol A. Newsom and Markus Witte
Volume 496
Scribes as Sages
and Prophets
Scribal Traditions in Biblical Wisdom
Literature and in the Book of the Twelve
Edited by
Jutta Krispenz
ISBN978-3-11-047727-6
e-ISBN(PDF)978-3-11-048360-4
e-ISBN(EPUB)978-3-11-048243-0
ISSN0934-2575
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2020938352
BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek
TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie;
detailedbibliographicdataareavailableontheInternetathttp://dnb.dnb.de.
©2021WalterdeGruyterGmbH,Berlin/Boston
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Acknowledgments
Firstofall,Iwouldliketothanktheauthorsofthearticlesinthepresentvolume
fortheirwillingnesstocontributetothiscollection.Withouttheirworkthisbook
wouldsimplynotexist.
Moreover,IwouldliketothankProf.Dr.MarkusWitteandProf.Dr.Reinhard
G.KratzforacceptingthiscollectionofessaysforpublicationintheBZAWseries
andfortheirhelpfulcommentsandsuggestions.
JosephineHaas(Marburg)tookthetroubleofproofreadingaportionofthear-
ticles;Iamverygratefulforherwork.
Dr.SophieWagenhoferandDr.EvaFrantzatDeGruyterguidedmethrough
theprocessofeditingwithexpertiseandunwaveringfriendliness.Ithasbeena
pleasuretoworkwiththem.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110483604-202

Content
JuttaKrispenz
Introduction 1
MarkSneed
InspiredSages:Massa’andtheConfluenceofWisdomandProphecy 15
HelmutUtzschneider
DieMündlichkeitderbiblischenSchriftprophetie.Versucheiner
Bestandsaufnahme 33
RainerKessler
AmosandWisdom 65
JuttaKrispenz
Hosea—theWiseProphet? 79
ThomasKrüger
Prophetie,WeisheitundreligiöseDichtungimBuchHabakuk 99
AaronSchart
BezügezumSprüchebuchinderMaleachischrift 117
TovaForti
“LetNottheWiseManGloryinhisWisdom”:Challengingthe
Deed-ConsequenceParadigm 141
AnnetteSchellenberg
“WisdomCriesOutintheStreet“(Prov1:20).OntheRoleofRevelationin
WisdomLiteratureandtheRelatednessandDifferencesbetweenSapiential
andPropheticEpistemologies 157
BerndUSchipper
“WisdomandTorah“inProverbsandintheBookoftheTwelve 175
FrankUeberschaer
ProphetischesundProphetieimDenkenBenSiras 195
VIII Content
MartinaKepper
ProphetischeTraditionenimBuchderWeisheit 227
StefanBeyerle
TheBookofHagu,theRighteousOnes,andtheLearningOnes:On1Q/
4QInstruction,EnochicApocalypticismandtheirMutualInfluences 255
Indexes
IndexofReferences 282
IndexofAuthors 297
Jutta Krispenz
Introduction
Thearticlescollectedinthisvolumediscusstheintertextualrelationshipbetween
thepropheticwritingsintheBookoftheTwelveProphetsandthewisdomlitera-
tureofIsrael.Adiscussiononthistopichasbeengoingonformanyyearsunder
the heading wisdom influence on prophetical texts, while the complementary
question of prophetic influence upon wisdom texts has hardly been a matter of
disputeatall.Inthisvolumebothperspectivesshallbetakenintoconsideration;
thecontributionswillclarifywhyattemptingafreshlookatbothpropheticand
wisdomtextsandthepossibleintertextuallinksbetweenthemisworthwhile.The
chapters,summarizedinthefourthandlastparagraphofthisintroduction,arere-
latedtoanewapproachtotheformationoftheHebrewBiblewhichhasemerged
fromalengthydebateoverthehistoryofthebiblicaltextsandtheirrelationtothe
historyofIsraelinitsAncientNearEasterncontext.
Intheopeningparagraphsbelow,Iwillpresentthisapproachinthreesteps,
startingwithalookat“wisdom”andtheschoolcontextinancientIsraelandhow
thetraditionalviewofbothhasbecomeproblematicwithinscholarshipoftheHe-
brewBible.Thesecondstepwillconsistinsummarizinghowourconceptionof
prophecyandtheroleoftheprophethaschangedinrecentyears.Thethirdpara-
graph will discuss the social and intellectual framework of the literature of an-
cientIsrael,adiscussionwhichhasculminatedinthestudiesofDavidCarrand
KarelvanderToorn.1Thesetwostudieschangedandreorganizedourimagination
of the processes which generated the Hebrew Bible. They have provided a new
scholarlybaselineforreconstructingnotonlythehistoryofbiblicaltextsbutalso
the history of ideas in biblical times. This introduction concludes with a fourth
sectionwhichbrieflysummarizesthebook’sindividualessays.
1. Wisdom and School
SincethetimeofFichtner’swork“JesajaunterdenWeisen”2wisdominfluences
havebeenidentifiedinnumerouspropheticbooksaswellasinarangeofnon-
prophetictextsintheBible.Allsuchtextshavebeenimputedwith“didacticqua-
1 DavidM.Carr,WritingontheTabletoftheHeart:OriginsofScriptureandLiterature(Oxford;
NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,2005)andKarelvanderToorn,ScribalCultureandtheMaking
oftheHebrewBible(Cambridge,MA;London:HarvardUniversityPress,2007).
2 JohannesFichtner,“JesajaunterdenWeisen”ThLZ74(1949):75–80.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110483604-001
2 JuttaKrispenz
lities”.Inaway,thewidespreaddetectionofwisdominfluenceintheHebrewBi-
blehasunderminedthecredibilityofthatinfluence.3“Wisdom”hasappearedto
becomealabelwhichcanbefixedtoanygiventext.Andthestatementthatatext
has“didactic”qualitiesandthusshouldbeseenasaschool-texthasturnedoutto
bequitevague,sinceanysortoftextwhichconveysacontentthatmightbenew
fortheaddresseecouldfallintothecategoryof“didactic”.
Moreover,thepictureoftheschoolinancientIsraelhaduntilrecentlybeen
standingonweakfoundations.TheHebrewBibleitselfdoesnotgiveustoomuch
informationabouttheschoolinancientIsrael.TheolderstandardstudiesbyKlos-
termannandDürrrelymainlyonthesparseinformationcontainedinthebiblical
texts,readingtheseasconveyinghistoricalinformationandcompletingthepic-
turebyreferenceeithertotheinstitutionsoftheirowntimeorbycongeniallyin-
ventingthemissingparts–e.g.,thecurriculum,etc.4Gerhardv.Radstillmain-
tainedthesametrackandheldthat“wisdom”and“wisdomschools”formedthe
socialandculturalbackgroundof“wisdom-texts”–whileotherpartsoftheHe-
brewBibleinhisopinionevokedatotallydifferentbackground.5AndréLemaire’s
1981bookincludedinscriptionsasahistoricalsourceandcombinedresearchon
theschoolsettingwiththequestionoftheformationoftheBible.6Nonethelesshis
procedurestillreliedheavilyonbiblicaltextsashistoricalsources.Theeducated
segmentsofsocietyinancientIsraelhadinallthesepresentationsnotverymuch
todowithothergroupsinthesamesociety.Generallyspeaking,thereusedtobe
aninclinationtowardsreconstructingancientIsraelitesocietyasasegregatedso-
cietywithverylittlecommunicationbetweenthedifferentsocialstrata.
Discussiononthetopichaschangedatthispoint:forareconstructionofthe
possibleform ofschoolsinpreexilicIsrael,scholars havenowincluded consid-
erationoftheeducationalsettingsinneighboringcultures,especiallyMesopota-
miaandEgypt,whicharemuchbetterknowntousbynow.Andinrecentyears
discussionhasalsoapproachedthequestionofwhetherthetextsoftheHebrew
Bibleweretransmittedorallyorinwrittenform.7
3 WillKynes,“TheModernScholarlyWisdomTraditionandtheThreatofPan-Sapientialism:A
CaseReport,”inWasthereaWisdomTradition?NewprospectsinIsraeliteWisdomStudies,ed.
MarkR.Sneed,AIL23(Atlanta:SBLPress,2015):11–38.
4 AugustKlostermann,SchulwesenimaltenIsrael(Leipzig:Deichert,1908),192–232;LorenzDürr,
DasErziehungswesenimAltenTestamentundimantikenOrient(Leipzig:Hinrichs,1932).
5 GerhardvonRad,WeisheitinIsrael(Neukirchen-Vluyn:NeukirchnerVerlag,1970).
6 AndréLemaire,LesécolesetlaformationdelaBibledansl’ancienIsraël,OBO39(Göttingen:
Vandenhoeck&Rupprecht,1981).
7 OnthisdiscussionseethefirstchapterinCarr,WritingontheTabletoftheHeart,3–14.Carrre-
fersinthischaptertoSusanNiditch,OralWorldandWrittenWord:AncientIsraeliteLiterature,Li-
braryofAncientIsrael(Louisville:WestminsterJohnKnoxPress,1996).RonaldHendelandJan