Table Of ContentSCRAPTIREDERIVEDGEOMATERIALS
OPPORTUNITIESANDCHALLENGES
BALKEMA–ProceedingsandMonographs
inEngineering,WaterandEarthSciences
PROCEEDINGSOFTHEINTERNATIONALWORKSHOPONSCRAPTIREDERIVED
GEOMATERIALS–OPPORTUNITIESANDCHALLENGES(IW-TDGM2007),
23–24MARCH2007,YOKOSUKA,JAPAN
Scrap Tire Derived Geomaterials
Opportunities and Challenges
Editors
Hemanta Hazarika
AkitaPrefecturalUniversity,Akita,Japan
KazuyaYasuhara
IbarakiUniversity,Hitachi,Japan
LONDON / LEIDEN / NEW YORK / PHILADELPHIA / SINGAPORE
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007.
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ScrapTireDerivedGeomaterials–OpportunitiesandChallenges–Hazarika&Yasuhara(eds)
©2008Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-46070-5
Table of Contents
Preface ix
Organization xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Photographs xv
AbouttheEditors xvii
Keynote papers
Areviewofenvironmentalimpactsandenvironmentalapplicationsofshreddedscraptires 3
T.B.Edil
RecentJapaneseexperiencesonscrappedtiresforgeotechnicalapplications 19
K.Yasuhara
Special invited lectures
Reinforcedlightweighttirechips-sandmixturesforbridgeapproachutilization 45
D.T.Bergado,T.Tanchaisawat,P.Voottipruex&T.Kanjananak
Tirederivedaggregateaslightweightfillforembankmentsandretainingwalls 59
D.N.Humphrey
Engineeringcharacteristicsoftiretreadsforsoilreinforcement 83
Y.W.Yoon
Theme lectures
Evaluationofenvironmentalimpactoftirechipsbybioassay 109
N.Tatarazako,M.Katoh&K.Kadokami
Structuralstabilityandflexibilityduringearthquakesusingtyres(SAFETY)
–Anovelapplicationforseismicdisastermitigation 115
H.Hazarika
Useofscraptirederivedshreddedgeomaterialsindrainageapplication 127
A.K.Karmokar
Changeofengineeringpropertiesofcementtreatedclaybymixedwithtirechips 139
Y.Kikuchi,T.Nagatome&Y.Mitarai
v
Technical papers
Part 1 Mechanical properties, modeling and novel applications
Sizeeffectontirederivedaggregatemechanicalproperties 151
M.Arroyo,J.Estaire,I.Sanmartin&A.Lloret
Compressibilityandliquefactionpotentialofrubbercompositesoils 161
P.Promputthangkoon&A.F.L.Hyde
Developingdesignvariantswhilestrengtheningroadbedwithgeomaterialsand
scraptiresonweaksoils 171
S.A.Kudryavtsev,L.A.Arshinskaya,T.U.Valtseva,U.B.Berestyanyy&A.Zhusupbekov
Shakingtabletestsoneffectoftirechipsandsandmixtureinincreasingliquefaction
resistanceandmitigatingupliftofpipe 179
T.Uchimura,N.A.Chi,S.Nirmalan,T.Sato,M.Meidani&I.Towhata
Undrainedcyclicshearpropertiesoftirechip-sandmixtures 187
M.Hyodo,S.Yamada,R.P.Orense,M.Okamoto&H.Hazarika
Basicpropertiesofsoil-cementslurrymixedwithelasticmaterial 197
A.Shimamura&J.Sakemoto
Stacksoftiresforearthreinforcementusingtheirresistancetohooptensionandland
reclamationmethods 205
K.Fukutake&S.Horiuchi
Shakingtabletestonliquefactionpreventionusingtirechipsandsandmixture 215
H.Hazarika,K.Yasuhara,A.K.Karmokar&Y.Mitarai
EvaluationofeffectoftirechipsinthecementstabilizedsoilusingX-rayCT 223
Y.Mitarai,Y.Nakamura&J.Otani
Seismicresponseanalysisofcaissonquaywallreinforcedwithprotectivecushion 229
T.Takatani
Characterizationofengineeringpropertiesofcementtreatedclaywithtirechips 239
T.Nagatome,Y.Mitarai,Y.Kikuchi,J.Otani&Y.Nakamura
Thenumericalsimulationofearthpressurereductionusingtirechipsinbackfill 245
K.Kaneda,H.Hazarika&H.Yamazaki
Isotropicpressurelooptestandconstanteffectivestresstestonusedtirerubberchips 253
J.Yajima&N.Kobayashi
Anelasto-plasticconstitutivemodelforcement-treatedclayswithtire-chips 261
S.Murakami,K.Yasuhara,T.Tanaka,Y.Mitarai&T.Kishida
Evaluationofloadbearingcapacityofshreddedscraptiregeomaterials 269
A.K.Karmokar,H.Takeichi,M.Kawaida&K.Yasuhara
Undrainedanddrainedshearbehaviorofsandandtirechipscompositematerial 277
S.Kawata,M.Hyodo,R.P.Orense,S.Yamada&H.Hazarika
vi
Investigationoffracturebehaviorofcementstabilizedsoilwithtireshreds 285
Y.Nakamura,Y.Mitarai&J.Otani
Floatingstructureusingwastetiresforwaterenvironmentalremediation 291
S.Horiuchi,T.Odawara,S.Yonemura,Y.Hayashi,M.Kawaguchi,
M.Asada,M.Kato&K.Yasuhara
Anexperimentalstudyontwotypesoffoundationblocksupportedonsoftsoil 297
Y.Shimomura,N.Sako,Y.Ikeda,M.Kawamura&S.Ishimaru
Theexperienceoflong-termperformanceofreinforcedsoilstructures 309
A.Zhusupbekov&R.Lukpanov
Part 2 Case studies, design methods and field applications
Usingwastetire-soilmixturesforembankmentconstruction 319
A.Edinçliler
Tirebuffings–soillinersagainsthydrocarboncontamination 329
G.Baykal
EPS-filledusedtiresasalightweightconstructionfillmaterial 339
I.Ishibashi&S.Sethabouppha
Investigatingthestrengthcharacteristicsoftyrechips–sandmixturesforgeo-cellular
structureengineering 351
Ph.Gotteland,S.Lambert&Ch.Salot
In-siteexperimentaboutisolationmethodofgroundvibrationusingbypressedscraptire 363
K.Hayakawa,I.Nakaya,M.Asahiro,T.Kashimoto,M.Moriwaki&H.Koseki
Developmentofnewgeomaterialsforenvironmentalvibrationmitigation 375
N.Sako,T.Adachi,N.Hikosaka&T.Funaki
Pre-castconcreteWIBwithtireshredsfill-inforavibrationmitigationmeasure 383
H.Takemiya
AuthorIndex 395
vii
ScrapTireDerivedGeomaterials–OpportunitiesandChallenges–Hazarika&Yasuhara(eds)
©2008Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-46070-5
Preface
Emerginggeomaterialsderivedfromscraptireshavebeenreceivingincreasingattentioninrecent
years and gaining acceptance as suitable and alternative geomaterials worldwide, since they
provide cost-effective solutions to many practical problems. Although, a considerable experi-
ence has accumulated in this specialized field over the past one decade, still a lot needs to
be done and explored. SCRAP TIRE DERIVED GEOMATERIALS is a compilation of peer
reviewed papers presented at the InternationalWorkshop on ScrapTire Derived Geomaterials –
Opportunities and Challenges – (IW-TDGM 2007), held at Yokosuka, Japan from 23–24
March,2007.
This workshop was the first ever international forum to promote the opportunities for the
exchangeofknowledgeandexperiences,disseminatinginformationaboutexperiments,numerical
modeling, design and practical applications related to scrap tire derived geomaterials (TDGM).
Theaimofthisworkshopwasto:(1)bringtogetherpeoplefromallspherestoexchangeknowledge
and discuss the new developments in this emerging field of geoenvironmental and geotechnical
engineering.(2)exchangeinformationtoestablishaconsensusforcommondesignandconstruc-
tionmethods,and(3)explorenovelapplicationsofScrapTireDerivedGeomaterials(TDGM)with
ideas beneficial to our common future – a sustainable environment. The workshop, which was
held under the auspices of the Port andAirport Research Institute (PARI), Japan and the Kanto
BranchoftheJapaneseGeotechnicalSociety(JGSKanto), Japan, broughttogetherpeoplefrom
variousdisciplineworkinginindustry,academiaandpublicsectorstodiscussthelatestideasand
developmentintheTDGM.
This book reflects the current research and advances made in theTDGM. It contains papers
fromacrosstheworldreflectingtheinternationalimportancegiventotheareassuchas: (1)use
ofwholetires, tireshredsandtirechips, (2)tirechipsmixedwithsoilsand/ortreatedmaterials,
(3)mechanicalpropertiesandmodeling,(4)geoenvironmentalimpactandassessment,(5)novel
concept,casestudiesandfieldapplications.Thebookcontainsthirtysixcontributionsincludingtwo
keynotelectures,threespeciallectures,fourthemelecturesandtwentyseventechnicalpapers.All
thepapershavebeenthoroughlyreviewedbyatleasttworeviewersselectedfromtheinternational
panelofexpertsinthisfieldinordertocheckforrelevancetothethemeaswellasthequalityof
technicalcontentsandpresentation.
Thepublicationofthisvolumehasbeenpossiblethroughthesustainedeffortsofsomeofthe
coremembersoftheorganizingcommitteeofIW-TDGM2007.Theeditorsexpresstheirsincere
thankstothemembers(Dr.AshokeK.Karmokar,Dr.YoshioMitarai,Dr.KazuhiroKaneda,and
Mr.TakeshiNagatome),whohaveworkedtirelesslybehindthesceneforthesuccessfulpublication
of this book. Special thanks go to Dr. Takao Kishida ofToa Corporation, Japan for his timely
and valuable advice and Ms.Yasuko Nishikawa of Kanto Branch of the Japanese Geotechnical
Society for her tireless effort and dedication, which was instrumental in timely publication of
thisbook.
SCRAPTIREDERIVEDGEOMATERIALSprovidesawealthofknowledgeandinformation
andpromotesthegeotechnicalapproachformaterialrecyclingoftirederivedgeomaterials,which
ultimately contributes towards a sustainable global environment. This book is aimed at people
workinginrelatedindustry,academiaandpublicsector.Itcontainscurrentthinkingandobserv-
able facts that can impact on the development of those individuals and organizations concerned
with geotechnical engineering, geoenvironmental engineering, waste reuse and management,
sustainableconstructionandcost-performance.
ix
