Safety of Nanomaterials along Their Lifecycle: Release, Exposure, and Human Hazards

468 Pages·2014·4.64 MB·English

by  Wendel Wohlleben

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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING chnekenbu ohlleben • S A F E T Y O F
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h c NANOMATERIALS
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ALONG THEIR LIFECYCLE
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A Release, Exposure, and Human Hazards
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The incorporation of nanomaterials into products can improve
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performance, efficiency, and durability in various fields ranging from
construction, energy management, catalysis, microelectronics, A
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plastics, coatings, and paints to consumer articles such as
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foods and cosmetics. But innovation never comes at zero risk.
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The potential hazards resulting from human exposure during I
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production, use, or disposal has raised concerns and targeted
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research early on. S

Safety of Nanomaterials along Their Lifecycle: Release, Exposure, A
and Human Hazards presents the state of the art in nanosafety L
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research from a lifecycle perspective. Although major knowledge
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gaps still exist, solid data are now available to identify scenarios of
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critical risk as well as those of safe nanomaterial use for our benefit.

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The book is divided into four parts: characterization, hazard, release H
and exposure, and real-life case studies. To improve coherence E
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throughout the book, various chapters review the same suite R
of well-characterized, judiciously chosen, and identical industrial
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nanomaterials. The book is a helpful resource to professionals I
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in product development, industrial design, regulatory agencies, E
and materials scientists and engineers involved in the safety of C
Y
nanomaterials. EDITED BY
C
L Wendel Wohlleben n Thomas A. J. Kuhlbusch
E
K16366
Jürgen Schnekenburger n Claus-Michael Lehr
ISBN: 978-1-4665-6786-3
90000
9 781466 567863
K16366_Cover.indd All Pages 10/16/14 3:29 PM

S A F E T Y O F

NANOMATERIALS
ALONG THEIR LIFECYCLE
Release, Exposure, and Human Hazards

S A F E T Y O F

NANOMATERIALS
ALONG THEIR LIFECYCLE
Release, Exposure, and Human Hazards
EDITED BY
Wendel Wohlleben n Thomas A. J. Kuhlbusch
Jürgen Schnekenburger n Claus-Michael Lehr
Cover images: (upper left) dust exposure measurement during production (IUTA), see Section I; (upper right)
nanoparticles of TiO2 interacting with a human cell (WWU), see Section II; (lower left) nanocomposite with
embedded SiO2 after outdoor use (BASF), see Section III; (lower right) plastics nanocomposites enabling
automotive parts (BASF), see Editorial Perspective and Section IV.
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Version Date: 20140912
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Contents
Perspectives ...............................................................................................................ix
A Guide to the Reader ...........................................................................................xvii
Acknowledgments ................................................................................................xxiii
Contributors ...........................................................................................................xxv
Section i characterization
Chapter 1 As-Produced: Intrinsic Physico-Chemical Properties and
Appropriate Characterization Tools .....................................................3
Emilia Izak-Nau and Matthias Voetz
Chapter 2 Characterization Methods for the Determination of Inhalation
Exposure to Airborne Nanomaterials ................................................25
Christof Asbach
Chapter 3 Classification Strategies for Regulatory Nanodefinitions ..................47
Wendel Wohlleben and Philipp Müller
Chapter 4 Analyzing the Biological Entity of Nanomaterials:
Characterization of Nanomaterial Properties in
Biological Matrices ..........................................................................59
Christian A. Ruge, Marc D. Driessen, Andrea Haase,
Ulrich F. Schäfer, Andreas Luch, and Claus-Michael Lehr
Section ii Hazard Assessment for Humans
Chapter 5 Lessons Learned from Unintentional Aerosols..................................99
Joseph Brain
Chapter 6 Lessons Learned from Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials ...................111
Emad Malaeksefat, Sarah Barthold, Brigitta Loretz, and
Claus-Michael Lehr
v
vi Contents
Chapter 7 Measurement of Nanoparticle Uptake by Alveolar
Macrophages: A New Approach Based on Quantitative Image
Analysis ............................................................................................137
Darius Schippritt, Hans-Gerd Lipinski, and Martin Wiemann
Chapter 8 Toxicological Effects of Metal Oxide Nanomaterials ......................159
Daniela Hahn, Martin Wiemann, Andrea Haase, Rainer Ossig,
Francesca Alessandrini, Lan Ma-Hock, Robert Landsiedel,
Marlies Nern, Antje Vennemann, Marc D. Driessen,
Andreas Luch, Elke Dopp, and Jürgen Schnekenburger
Chapter 9 Toxicological Effects of Metal Nanomaterials .................................191
Rainer Ossig, Daniela Hahn, Martin Wiemann,
Marc D. Driessen, Andrea Haase, Andreas Luch,
Antje Vennemann, Elke Dopp, Marlies Nern, and
Jürgen Schnekenburger
Chapter 10 Uptake and Effects of Carbon Nanotubes ........................................213
James C. Bonner
Section iii emission and exposure along
the Lifecycle
Chapter 11 Measurement and Monitoring Strategy for Assessing Workplace
Exposure to Airborne Nanomaterials ..............................................233
Christof Asbach, Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch, Burkhard
Stahlmecke, Heinz Kaminski, Heinz J. Kiesling, Matthias Voetz,
Dirk Dahmann, Uwe Götz, Nico Dziurowitz, and Sabine Plitzko
Chapter 12 Release from Composites by Mechanical and Thermal
Treatment: Test Methods ..................................................................247
Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch and Heinz Kaminski
Chapter 13 Field and Laboratory Measurements Related to Occupational
and Consumer Exposures .................................................................277
Derk Brouwer, Eelco Kuijpers, Cindy Bekker, Christof Asbach,
and Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch
Contents vii
Chapter 14 Mechanisms of Aging and Release from Weathered
Nanocomposites ...............................................................................315
Tinh Nguyen, Wendel Wohlleben, and Lipiin Sung
Chapter 15 Emissions from Consumer Products Containing Engineered
Nanomaterials over Their Lifecycle .................................................335
Bernd Nowack
Section iV integrating case Studies on Methods
and Materials
Chapter 16 Concern-Driven Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials: An
Integrated Approach Using Material Properties, Hazard,
Biokinetic, and Exposure Data and Considerations on Grouping
and Read-Across ...............................................................................357
Agnes Oomen, Peter Bos, and Robert Landsiedel
Chapter 17 Case Study: Paints and Lacquers with Silica Nanoparticles ............381
Keld A. Jensen and Anne T. Saber
Chapter 18 Case Study: The Lifecycle of Conductive Plastics Based on
Carbon Nanotubes ............................................................................399
Richard Canady and Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch
Chapter 19 Case Study: Challenges in Human Health Hazard and Risk
Assessment of Nanoscale Silver .......................................................417
Christian Riebeling and Carsten Kneuer