Ryan’s Retina

8665 Pages·2017·188.08 MB·English

by  Andrew P. Schachat et al. (eds.)

Ryan's Retina
SIXTH EDITION
Editor-In-Chief
ANDREW P. SCHACHAT MD
Vice Chairman, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation,
Cleveland, OH, USA
Volume One
Part 1 Retinal Imaging and Diagnostics
Edited by
SRINIVAS R. SADDA MD
Part 2 Basic Science and Translation to Therapy
Edited by
DAVID R. HINTON MD
Volume Two
Medical Retina
2
Edited by
ANDREW P. SCHACHAT MD
AND SRINIVAS R. SADDA MD
Volume Three
Part 1 Surgical Retina
Edited by
C.P. WILKINSON MD AND
PETER WIEDEMANN MD
Part 2 Tumors of the Retina, Choroid, and Vitreous
Edited by
ANDREW P. SCHACHAT MD
3
Table of Contents
Instructions for online access
Cover image
Title Page
Copyright
Video Table of Contents
Contributors
Video Contributors
Dedication
Preface
Volume One
Part 1 Retinal Imaging and Diagnostics
1 Fluorescein Angiography
4
Basic Principles
Equipment (Box 1.1)
Technique
Developing a Photographic Plan
Interpretation
Abnormal Fluorescein Angiogram
Acknowledgments
References
2 Clinical Applications of Diagnostic Indocyanine Green
Angiography
Introduction
History
Chemical and Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Instrument Comparison
Injection Technique
Indocyanine Green Angiography Interpretation
References
3 Optical Coherence Tomography
Physical Principles of Optical Coherence Tomography
Quantitative Analysis of OCT Datasets
Normal Macular Anatomy
SD-OCT in Retinal Disorders
5
OCT Angiography
Future Directions
Disclosures
Acknowledgments
References
4 Autofluorescence Imaging
Basic Principles
Techniques of Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging
Interpretation of Fundus Autofluorescence Images
Clinical Applications
Functional Correlates of Fundus Autofluorescence Abnormalities
References
5 Wide-Field Imaging
Introduction
Historical Perspective and Terms
Historical Wide-Field Imaging Systems
Modern Wide-Field Imaging Systems
Overview of Imaging Capabilities and Optical Principles
Clinical Utility of Wide-Field Imaging
Limitations
Future Directions
Conclusion
References
6
6 Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging
Background and Historical Prospective
OCT in the Operating Room: Integrative Advances
Surgeon Feedback Platform Enhancements
Surgical Findings With Intraoperative OCT in Vitreoretinal Conditions
Conclusion
References
7 Advanced Imaging Technologies
Introduction: Retinal Imaging to Date
Smartphone Ophthalmoscopy – Replacing the Direct
Ophthalmoscope?
Adaptive Optics: Imaging of Single Cells in the Retina
Doppler Imaging: Assessment of Blood Flow
Spectral Imaging: Assessment of Retinal Oxygenation
Photoacoustic Imaging: Assessment of Retinal Absorption
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Molecular Imaging
Conclusions and Future Directions
Disclosure
References
8 Image Processing
Introduction
History of Retinal Imaging
7
History of Retinal Image Processing
Current Status of Retinal Imaging
Fundus Imaging
Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging
Areas of Active Research in Retinal Imaging
Clinical Applications of Retinal Imaging
Image Analysis Concepts for Clinicians
Fundus Image Analysis
Optical Coherence Tomography Image Analysis
Multimodality Retinal Imaging
Future of Retinal Imaging and Image Analysis
References
9 Electrogenesis of the Electroretinogram
Introduction
Generation of Extracellular Potentials: General Concepts
Approaches for Determining the Origins of the Electroretinogram
Standard ERG Tests in the Clinic
Origin of the a-Wave
Origin of the b-Wave
Origin of the d-Wave
Origin of the Photopic Fast-Flicker ERG
Origin of the Multifocal ERG
ERG Waves From Proximal Retina
8
Closing Remarks
References
10 Clinical Electrophysiology
Standard Full-Field ERG
Focal ERG
Other Special Responses or Techniques in ERG
Electro-Oculogram
Visual Evoked Potential
Simultaneous Recording of Focal Macular ERG and VEP
References
11 Diagnostic Ophthalmic Ultrasound
Introduction
Ultrasound – Past and Present
Examination Techniques
Ultrasound in Intraocular Pathology
Ultrasound Imaging Used to Differentiate Ocular Disease
Future Developments
Acknowledgments
References
12 Color Vision and Night Vision
Overview
Rod and Cone Functions
9
Visual Pathways for Rod and Cone Functions
Dark Adaptation Functions: Assessment of the Shift From Day Vision
to Night Vision
Color Vision
Variations in Human Color Vision
Clinical Evaluation of Color Vision
New Developments in Color Vision Research
Adaptive Optics (AO) Retinal Imaging System
References
13 Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity
Visual Acuity Tests
Contrast Sensitivity Tests
References
14 Visual Fields in Retinal Disease
Introduction
Principles of Perimetry
Methods of Visual Field Testing
Perimetry in Specific Retinal Diseases
Future of Perimetry in Retinal Disease
Conclusions
References
Part 2 Basic Science and Translation to Therapy
10