Table Of ContentRussia and the World in the
Putin Era
This volume examines the role of Russia in the world under President
Putin’s rule.
When the Soviet Union disintegrated after the Cold War, Russia seemingly
embarked on the establishment of a democratic political system and seemed
intent on joining the liberal international order. However, under President
Putin’s rule, there have been dramatic shifts in Russian domestic and foreign
policies, in order to re-establish itself as a great power. This book examines
broad aspects of Russian political culture and threat perception, such as
Russia’s reaction to NATO expansion; its information warfare and energy
policies; and its policy toward the Global South, especially the Middle East and
Africa. The objective of the analyses is to explain the factors that influence
Russian foreign policy and to show how and why Russian relations with the
European Union and the United States have deteriorated so rapidly in recent
years. The volume introduces an alternative approach to the standard realist
perspective, which often underlies existing analyses of Russian policy – namely,
the work offers a theoretical perspective that focuses on the Russian sense of
identity and on ontological security.
This book will be of much interest to students of Russian foreign policy,
security studies and International Relations.
Roger E. Kanet is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at both the University
of Miami and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A..
Dina Moulioukova is a Lecturer of International Studies at the University of
Miami, U.S.A..
Routledge Global Security Studies
Series Editors: Aaron Karp and Regina Karp
Global Security Studies emphasizes broad forces reshaping global security and
the dilemmas facing decision-makers the world over. The series stresses issues
relevant in many countries and regions, accessible to broad professional and
academic audiences as well as to students, and enduring through explicit theo-
retical foundations.
Nuclear Weapons Free Zones
A Comparative Perspective
Exequiel Lacovsky
Renegotiating the Nuclear Order
A Sociological Approach
Tarja Cronberg
The Treaty Prohibiting Nuclear Weapons
How it was Achieved and Why it Matters
Alexander Kmentt
The Nuclear Terrorism Threat
An Organisational Approach
Brecht Volders
The International Atomic Energy Agency’s Six Decades
Historical Reflections, Current Challenges and Future Prospects
Edited by Joseph F. Pilat
Russia and the World in the Putin Era
From Theory to Reality in Russian Global Strategy
Edited by Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova
International Nuclear Export Controls and Non-Proliferation
The Collective Action Problem
Ian J. Stewart
For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/
Routledge-Global-Security-Studies/book-series/RGSS
Russia and the World in the
Putin Era
From Theory to Reality in Russian
Global Strategy
Edited by Roger E. Kanet and
Dina Moulioukova
First published 2022
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa
business
© 2022 selection and editorial matter, Roger E. Kanet and Dina
Moulioukova; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova to be identified as
the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their
individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77
and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or
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Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Kanet, Roger E., 1936- editor, author. | Moulioukova, Dina,
editor, author.
Title: Russia and the world in the Putin era : from theory to reality in
Russian global strategy / edited by Roger E. Kanet and Dina
Moulioukova.
Description: New York : Routledge, 2022. |
Series: Routledge global security studies | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021014890 (print) | LCCN 2021014891 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781032040684 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032040707 (paperback) |
ISBN 9781003190417 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Russia (Federation)‐‐Foreign relations. | Russia
(Federation)‐‐Politics and government‐‐1991- | Putin, Vladimir
Vladimirovich, 1952‐‐‐Influence. | National security‐‐Russia
(Federation) | Political culture‐‐Russia (Federation)
Classification: LCC DK510.764 .R8527 2022 (print) | LCC DK510.764
(ebook) | DDC 947.086/2‐‐dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021014890
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021014891
ISBN: 978-1-032-04068-4 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-04070-7 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-19041-7 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003190417
Typeset in Times New Roman
by MPS Limited, Dehradun
Contents
List of contributors vii
Preface x
Introduction: Russia foreign policy and the return to
authoritarian roots 1
ROGER E. KANET AND DINA MOULIOUKOVA
PART I Sources and tools of Russian foreign policy 9
1 Russia’s self-image as a great power 11
DINA MOULIOUKOVA WITH ROGER E. KANET
2 Russian strategic culture and renewed conflict with
the west 34
ROGER E. KANET
3 Images and decision-making in foreign policy:
the case of Vladimir Putin 61
ALEKSANDAR JANKOVSKI
4 Atlanticism in an age of great power competition:
is Russia achieving its goals? 92
SUZANNE LOFTUS
5 The battle of ontological narratives: Russia and the
annexation of Crimea 115
DINA MOULIOUKOVA WITH ROGER E. KANET
vi Contents
6 The role of energy in Russian foreign policy 140
ARSEN GASPARYAN
PART II The Russian response to U.S. policies 177
7 NATO, U.S. grand strategy and the Russian response 179
RAJAN MENON AND WILLIAM RUGER
8 The politics of sanctions in U.S.-Russia relations 214
CHARLES E. ZIEGLER
PART III Russian policy in the developing world 237
9 A comparison of Soviet and Russian foreign policy:
ontological security and policy toward Africa 239
ROGER E. KANET AND DINA MOULIOUKOVA
10 Russia’s expanding role in the eastern
Mediterranean: opportunities and challenges 260
NURAY V. IBRYAMOVA
11 The new great game: ontological factors in western and
rising powers’ competition in Venezuela 276
DINA MOULIOUKOVA AND KARINA BRENNAN
Conclusion 296
ROGER E. KANET AND DINA MOULIOUKOVA
Index 298
Contributors
Karina Brennan is a Ph.D. student in International Studies at the University of
Miami where she has co-taught courses in International Relations, Global
Economics, Environmental Economics and Development, Human Security
and Globalization. Her research interests include International Political
Economy, development and poverty reduction strategies with a focus on
conditional cash transfers in Latin America.
Arsen Gasparyan is a Visiting Professor at the American University of Armenia
and in the Department of International Relations at the Lomonosov
Moscow State University (Yerevan branch). He served as a Senior Advisor
to the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia (2018–2019). He holds a
Ph.D. in International Studies from the University of Miami. His dissertation
concerned Energy Diplomacy: The United States of America and the Russian
Federation. He has various publications in European, Russian, and Armenian
periodicals, the most recent of which is “Understanding the Nagorno-
Karabakh Conflict: Domestic Politics and Twenty-Five Years of Fruitless
Negotiations 1994–2018,” Caucasus Survey, vol. 7, no. 3. 2019.
Nuray V. Ibryamova is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Political
Science and International Relations at Eastern Mediterranean University
in North Cyprus. Her research interests include Europeanization, minority
rights, Southeast European politics and her publications include Debates in
International Relations. Her Ph.D. in International Studies is from the
University of Miami.
Aleksandar Jankovski is Instructor of Political Science at both Northeastern
Illinois University and Illinois Institute of Technology. He has a Ph.D. in
International Studies from the University of Miami. He teaches in the
areas of international security, international political economy, inter-
national relations theory, comparative politics and formal models. His
research, situated within the English School tradition of international
relations theory, interrogates the concepts of international order, inter-
national society and international community. It has been published in
viii Contributors
the journals International Politics and Stosunki Międzynarodowe –
International Relations and as chapters in edited volumes
Roger E. Kanet is professor emeritus in the Department of Political Science
of both the University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and of the University of
Miami. At Illinois, he served as department head and later as Associate Vice
Chancellor for Academic Affairs and Director of International Programs and
Studies; at Miami initially, he was Dean of the School of International
Studies. He also taught at the University of Kansas and was a joint fellow at
the Research Institute on Communist Affairs and Russian Institute at
Columbia University. His major teaching and research interests have
focused on post-communist Europe, on questions of European and global
security, democratization and nationalism in a comparative perspective, and
on aspects of U.S. foreign and security policy. He has edited 38 scholarly
books and published more than 250 scholarly journal articles and book
chapters – primarily on Soviet and Russian foreign policy. Kanet earned a
Ph.B. at JohannesBerchmanskolleg in Pullach-bei-München, Germany; an
A.B. from Xavier University; an M.A. from Lehigh University; and an A.M.
and Ph.D. in politics from Princeton University.
Suzanne Loftus is Professor of National Security and Deputy Chair of
Strategic Initiatives at the George C. Marshall European Center for
Security Studies in Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany. She has a Ph.D.
from the University of Miami in International Studies; her publications
include chapters in Routledge Handbook of Russian Security, Russian
Challenges to the European Security Environment; and Power, Politics and
Confrontation in Eurasia: Foreign Policy in a Contested Region.
Rajan Menon is Professor and Anne and Bernard Spitzer Chair of International
Relations, City College of New York/City University of New York. He is
former Soviet Union and post-communist Europe and Central Asia, as well as
the nature of post-cold war global politics. He has a Ph.D. in political science
from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and is the author or
editor of seven books and has published scores of scholarly articles and book
chapters, and more than 100 general essays – on issues of international affairs
and foreign policy, largely on Russian and Indian foreign relations.
Dina Moulioukova is a Lecturer of International Studies and Master of
International Administration at the University of Miami where she teaches
courses on security. She is a co-founder of Global Security Initiative that
for the last eight years hosted an international interdisciplinary security
symposium at the University of Miami. Dina has completed her Ph.D. at
the University of Miami with a focus on innovative approaches to security
studies. Earlier she received her Master of Law degree law (LL.M.) at the
University of Cambridge with a focus on international law. Her current
research concentrates on different aspects of Russian foreign policy and
security, with special emphasis on Russia’s strategy in Africa and Latin
Contributors ix
America and Russia’s relations with China. She has also widely published
on the topics of her research and is currently working on her book. In
addition to her academic interests, she has been engaged in a number of
U.S. Agency for International Development and Library of Congress’
projects on post-Soviet space and has served as an expert in roundtable
discussions by Council on Foreign Relations and USSOUTHCOM.
William Ruger serves as the Vice President for Research and Policy at the
Charles Koch Institute and the Vice President, Foreign Policy at Stand
Together. He was previously an Associate Professor in the Department of
Political Science at Texas State University. Ruger’s scholarship has appeared
in a number of academic journals including International Studies Quarterly,
Civil Wars, and Armed Forces and Society. He is the author of the biography
Milton Friedman and coauthor of two books on state politics, including
Freedom in the 50 States (now in its 5th edition). He was appointed in 2020
to the Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board and serves on several nonprofit
boards, including the Board of Directors of the Center for the National
Interest and the Board of Directors of the John Quincy Adams Society.
Ruger is a veteran of the Afghanistan War and an officer in the U.S. Navy
Reserve. He earned his Ph.D. in Politics from Brandeis University and an
A.B. from the College of William and Mary.
Charles Ziegler is Professor of Political Science and University Scholar at
the University of Louisville, and Faculty Director of the Grawemeyer
Award for Ideas Improving World Order. He received a Ph.D. in political
science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and has
published five major books and over 120 book chapters and articles for
such professional journals as International Studies Perspectives, International
Relations, Comparative Politics, Political Science Quarterly, Democratization,
and the British Journal of Political Science. Ziegler has held an IREX
Advanced Individual Research Opportunity grant, a Senior Fulbright
Fellowship to Korea, an International Affairs Fellowship of the Council
on Foreign Relations, and the Hoover Institution National Fellowship and
has secured major grants from the U.S. State Department and the
Department of Education.
