Revision of the intertidal aleocharine genus Tarphiota (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

9 Pages·1996·2.9 MB·English

by  Kee-Jeong Ahn

Vol. 107,No.4,September&October, 1996 177
EVISION OF THE INTERTIDAL
CHARINE GENUS TARPHIOTA
(COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)1 2
Kee-JeongAhn^
ABSTRACT: A systematic revision ofthe genus Tarphiota is presented. Tarphiota Casey is re-
described.TarphiotafucicolaandT.geniculataareredescribed. Tarphiotapallidipessynonymized
underT.fucicola. Lectotypeandparalectotypesaredesignated forT.pallidipes, T. debilicollis, T.
hirsutula, T. iota, T. insolita, T. litorina, and T.seditiosafromCasey'ssyntypeseriesdepositedin
theNMNH.AkeyisprovidedforseparationoftheknownspeciesofTarphiotaandillustrationsof
diagnostic featuresarepresented.
Members ofthe genus Tarphiota Casey are confined to the sandy beaches
ofPacific North America. Tarphiota was first described and characterized by
Casey in 1893. Maklin (1852) described Tachyusafucicola and Homalota
geniculata from the coast of Alaska. Tachyusa fucicola was transferred to
Homalota Mannerheim by Maklin in 1853. Casey (1893) described the new
genus and species Tarphiota pallidipes from the coast of California. He be-
lieved that the genus Tarphiota included H.fucicola and H. geniculata. Later,
Casey also described six additional species from the Pacific coast ofAmerica.
However, all sixspeciesweresynonymizedbyFenyesin 1920andT.pallidipes
is synonymized under T.fucicola in this paper.
Examination of the type series of T. fucicola (Maklin) and T. geniculata
(Maklin) in the collections ofthe Finnish Museum ofNatural History allowed
me torevisethis genus. In thispaper, Iredescribe Tarphiota Casey and thetwo
valid species [T. fucicola (Maklin), T. geniculata (Maklin)], synonymize
Tarphiota pallidipes Casey under Tarphiotafucicola (Maklin), and designate
lectotypes andparalectotypesfromthesyntypeseriesofeachdescribedspecies
NMNH.
in the collections ofthe
Tarphiota Casey
TarphiotaCasey, 1893: 332, 1910:74;Fenyes, 1920:254;BernhauerandScheerpeltz, 1926: 596;
Blackwelder,1952:374;Hatch, 1957: 145;MooreandLegner, 1975:489, 1976:535;Seevers,
1978: 132.
DiagnosticCombination.Amongaleocharinegenerawith4-5-5 tarsal for-
mula, membersofTarphiotaarerecognizedby thecombination of: integument
1 ReceivedFebruary26, 1996.AcceptedApril28, 1996.
2Contribution number 3149 from the Snow Entomological Museum (Natural History Museum,
DivisionofEntomology),UniversityofKansas,Lawrence, KS66045, U. S.A.
3 SnowEntomologicalMuseum,Snow Hall,UniversityofKansas,Lawrence, KS66045.
ENT.NEWS 107(4) 177-185,September&October, 1996
178 ENTOMOLOGICALNEWS
ofhead, pronotum, and elytra granulose due to a fine-meshed, raised reticula-
tion; antennomeres (Fig. 1) 8-10 transverse; head without infraorbital carina;
mandible(Fig. 4)withbluntapex; labium(Fig. 6)withnarrowY-shapedligula;
mentum with long v seta; separated mesocoxae; pointed mesosternal process;
unmarginedmesocoxalcavities;anteriorandmiddletibiaewitharowofspines;
elytraslightlysinuateapico-laterally,longerthanpronotum;hindwingspresent;
and internal circular sclerites presentatbase ofmetasternum.
Description.Small,length2.0-3.1 mm.Bodyshapenarrow,flattenedandparallel-sided.Body
colorblack or dark brown. Microsculpture ofhead, pronotum, and abdominal segments faintly
polygonal.Integumentofhead,pronotum,andelytragranuloseduetoafine-meshed,raisedreticu-
lation,moreorlessuniformlypubescentwithshortmicrosetae.
HEAD. Slightlydeflexed, =1.2timesaswideas long.Eyes withmicrosetaebetween facets,
=0.5timesaslongastempora. Neckabsentbutbasal constrictionpresent. Infraorbital carinaab-
sent. Microsetae relatively long, directed anteriorly, almost uniformly distributed. Integument
granulose.Hexagonalmicrosculpturespresent.Temporashort.Submentumwithseveralsetaeand
punctures.Antenna(Fig. 1)with 11 antennomeres,slightlyincrassatetowardstip;antennomeres2-
3eachshorterthanpreceding,4-7graduallydilated,8-10transverse.
MOUTHPARTS. Labrum (Fig. 2)transverse, 9+9 majorsetae distinct, 3+3 additional setae
present,sensillaepresent,puncturesdistributedanteriorly.Epipharynx(Fig.3)withabout6-8lat-
eralporesoneachside,numeroustinypores,about6-8poresonapicalregion,about35poreson
medianregionalongwithnumerousindistinctpores.Mandibles(Fig.4)asymmetrical,apexblunt
and curved downward; right mandible with median tooth, absent from left mandible; serration
absentfromapextomediantooth,manypuncturesscatteredventrallyanddorsally;prosthecawell
developed, membranouswithfibrils. Maxilla(Fig. 5) withgaleaand laciniaelongate;galeawith
innersurfacemembranous,apexwithlongfiliformsetae,outersurfacecorneous,apexwithnumer-
ous delicate branching fibrils which havearow ofextremely delicate setae; laciniamoreorless
acute, internal surface with comb composed ofasinglerow of9 well separated spines followed
moreproximally byasmalldensepatchofsetae,and adistinctrowofnumerous setae,arowof
poresondorsalsurface; maxillary palpus, robust,with4articles,article 3 incrassatedistally and
longerthanarticle2,article4veryslender,narrowdistallywithfilamentoussensilla.Labialpalpi
(Fig.6)with3articles,elongate,article3shorterthanarticle 1 andlongerthanarticle2,article3
incrassatedistally;ligulabifid,2tuberclesontip;apairofmedialsetae,twinpores,medianpores,
distalpores,setalpores,realpores,basalporespresent,andabout30-35or5pseudoporespresent
medially, 11-12or3 laterally. Prementumwithapairofcomb-likehypoglossae. Mentumalmost
trapezoidal,slightlyemarginateanteriorly,threemainsetaepresentoneachside,vsetaerelatively
long, severalsetaeandpuncturespresent.
THORAX. Pronotum =1.2-1.3 times as wide as long, basal and apical lines about equal in
length,sidesround;microsetaeuniformlydistributed;macrosetaeabsent;integumentgranulose,a
rowofdistinctdarkpuncturesonbase. Patternofpubescencewithsetaesubparallel,thoseonthe
anteriorhalfofpronotumdirected anteriorly and thoseon posteriorhalfdirectedposteriorly ina
narrow median strip, lateral setae with anterior halfdirected antero-laterally and posterior half
directed postero-laterally. Scutellum more or less octagonal. Hypomerafeebly inflexed, entirely
visible in lateral aspect. Mesocoxal cavities narrowly separated; mesosternal process acute.
Metasternumlongerthanwidthofmesocoxa.Tarsalformula4-5-5,internalcircularscleritespresent
atbaseofmetasternum;anteriorandmiddletibiaewithdistinctrowofspines.
ELYTRA. =1.2-1.3 times as long as pronotum; very slightly sinuate apicolaterally, longer
laterally than medially, carina present on anterior medial edge ofelytra; microsetae numerous,
uniformlydistributed,directedmoreorlessposteriorly;macrosetaeabsent;integumentgranulose.
Hindwingspresent.
ABDOMEN. General shape broad at base, sides uniformly converging to broadly rounded
apex.TergitesIII-VIIIwithdistinctmacrosetae.TergitesIII-VImoderatelyimpressedatbase,ante-
Vol. 107,No.4,September&October, 1996 179
riormarginoftergitesIII-VIdeeplyandbroadlyV-shaped.TergiteVIIIwith4or7pairsofmacrosetae.
TergiteXwithsetanumerous,3-4majorsetaedistinct;posteriormarginnotwell sclerotized.
AEDEAGUS. Medianlobe(Figs.7and 10). Paramere(Figs. 8and 11).
SPERMATHECA. (Figs.9and 12).
SECONDARYSEXUALCHARACTERISTICS. MaletergiteVIIIslightlysinuate.
Typespecies. TarphiotapallidipesCasey [= T.fucicola(Maklin)]. Desig-
nated by Casey (1910).
Distribution. FromAlaska to California.
Biology. Members ofthe genus Tarphiota inhabit the mid to upper littoral
zone offine-grained sandy beaches, which is covered by only one or two high
tides each month and contains decaying seaweed. Nothing is known oflarvae
ordevelopment ofany species ofTarphiota.
Remarks. Casey (1893) described a new genus Tarphiota for T. pallidipes
and mentioned that members of Tarphiota resembled Alianta Thomson, but
differed from members ofthis latter genus by having spinulose tibiae. Fenyes
(1918) placed Tarphiota in the tribe Myrmedoniini (group Athetae) based on
the 4-5-5 tarsal formula, antennae with 1 1 antennomeres, maxillary palpi with
4 articles, and labial palpi with 3 articles. The tribal name Myrmedoniini was
later synonymized under the name ofAthetini by Seevers (1978). Bernhauer
and Scheerpeltz (1926) classified the genus based on Casey's description and
Fenyes' placement. Moore and Legner (1976) still placed Tarphiota in the
Myrmedoniini(= Athetini).Seevers(1978)placedTarphiotainthetribeAthetini
with Pontomalota Casey but noted that these intertidal genera were not neces-
sarily related to each other and other members of Athetini. Ahn (in press)
hypothesized that members of Tarphiota were closely related to members of
Pontomalotaand ThinusaCasey andthatthesegeneramight formamonophyl-
etic group within the tribeAthetini.
Key to the species ofthe genus Tarphiota
1. Bodylength2.9-3.1 mm;abdominaltergiteVIIIwith7pairsofmacrosetae;spermathecawith
narrowtube(Fig.9);paramereasinFig.8 T.fucicola
Bodylength2.0-2.6mm;abdominaltergiteVIIIwith4pairsofmacrosetae;spermathecawith
broadtube(Fig. 12);paramereasinFig. 11 T.geniculata
Tarphiotafucicola (Maklin)
TachyusafucicolaMaklin, 1852:306; Bland. 1865: 406.
Homalotafucicola(Maklin), 1853: 182.
Tarphiotafucicola Casey, 1893: 333; Bernhauerand Scheerpeltz, 1926: 596; Hatch, 1957: 145;
MooreandLegner, 1975:489;LohseandSmetana, 1985: 286.
TarphiotadebilicollixCasey, 1910:75.synonymybyFenyes 1920.
TarphiotapallidipesCasey, 1893: 333;Fenyes, 1920: 254.NEWSYNONYM.
Description.Length2.9-3.1 mm. Bodycolorblack,legsbrown. Head=1.2timesaswideaslong,
integument granulose, microsculpture more ore less hexagonal. Labrum transverse. Epipharynx
180 ENTOMOLOGICALNEWS
(Fig. 3)with=8 lateralporesoneachside. Labium(Fig. 6)with=12-13 medialpseudoporesand
=11-12 lateral pseudopores. Pronotum =1.3 times as wide as long, integument granulose; sides
round. Mesosternal process narrow, acute. Elytra =1.3 times as long as pronotum, integument
granulose.Abdominaltergiteswithmicrosetaemoreorlessuniformlydistributed,severalmacrosetae
present.
Aedeagus. MedianlobeasinFig.7. ParamereasinFig. 8.
Spermatheca.Tubenarrow(Fig.9).
Type series. TachyusafucicolaMaklin,Lectotypedesignatedby Lohseand
Smetanain 1985.
Tarphiota debilicollis Casey: Lectotype, here designated, in the collection
oftheNMNH,withlabelasfollows: "Caseybequest 1925;Lectotype, Tarphiota
debilicollis Casey, Desig. K. J. Ahn, 1994".
TarphiotapallidipesCasey: Lectotype,heredesignated, in thecollectionof
the NMNH, with label as follows: "Casey bequest 1925; Lectotype, Tarphiota
pallidipes Casey, Desig. K. J.Ahn, 1994". Paralectotypes, 8, same data as lec-
totype.
Material Examined. CANADA: British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Isl., LepasBay, Graham
Island, 15July 1988,J.S.Ashe,exunderrottingseaweedonbeach(13, KSEM);Sidney(5,CAS);
Victoria,Vane.,Hubbard&Schwarz(1,NMNH),Wickham(1,CAS).UNITEDSTATES:Alaska:
GlacierBay, Unalaska,Van Dyke, 5 July 1907 (8, CAS); Nazan Bay,AtkaAleutian Is., 31 July
1907,V. Dyke(6,CAS), 1Aug. 1907(8,CAS).California: MarinCo.: PointReyes,NorthBeach,
15May 1991,K.J.Ahn&J.S.Ashe,exunderseaweed(1,KSEM);StinsonBeach, 14May 1991,
K.J.Ahn&J.S.Ashe,exunderseaweedonbeach(17,KSEM);SanFranciscoCo.:SanFrancisco,
1 May 1910, F. E. Blaisdell (1, CAS), 27 May 1908 (1, CAS), 24 Nov. 1907 (1, CAS),24 Nov.
1918,E.P.VanDuzee(1,CAS);LongBeach,28Oct. 1916,J.O.Martin(4,CAS);SanMateoCo.:
PacificBeach, 16May 1991, K.J.Ahn&J.S.Ashe,exunderseaweedonsandbeach(4,KSEM);
Montara Beach, 16 May 1991, K. J. Ahn & J. S. Ashe, ex under seaweed on sand beach (32,
KSEM); PomponioSt. Beach, 5 June 1991, K. J.Ahn,exunderseaweed(6, KSEM); Halfmoon
BaySt.Beach, 16May,K.J.Ahn&J.S.Ashe,exunderseaweedonsandbeach(6,KSEM);Moss
Beach, 12May 1910,F.E.Blaisdell(2,CAS),May 1910(1,CAS);SantaCruzCo.:Aptos, 19Nov.
1932,F.E.Blaisdell(2,CAS);HumboldtCo.:PrairieCreekRedwoodsSt.Park,GoldBluffBeach,
24July 1975,V.F.Lee(1,CAS);MontereyCo.:ZmudowskiSt.Beach,20May 1991,K.J.Ahn,ex
underseaweed(3,KSEM);SalinasRiverSt.Beach,20May 1991,K.J.Ahn,exunderseaweed(43,
KSEM);Carmel,8Sept. 1920,F.E.Blaisdell(4,CAS),24March 1919,E.P.VanDuzee(4,CAS);
SanLuisObispoCo.:CayucosSt.Beach,22May 1991,K.J.Ahn,exunderseaweed(1,KSEM);
SKa.nJt.aABhanr,beaxrauCnod.e:rSsaenatwaeBeadrb(2a,raK,SHEuMb)b;arSdan&MSicghuwealrIzsl(.,12,N0MJNunHe)1;91P0t.,SValWS.t.OBweeacnh,(23,JCuAnSe);19L9o1s,
AngelesCo.:LosAngeles,April,Chittenden(1,NMNH),Aug.(2,NMNH),July(1,NMNH), 17
June 1937 (2, NMNH), 11 March 1934(1, NMNH); SantaMonica,March,A. Fenyes(2,CAS);
Redondo, March, A. Fenyes (4, CAS), 4 June 1904, A. Fenyes (1, CAS); San Diego Co.: San
Diego,20Aug. 1917,J.O. Martin (1,CAS); PortWatsonville,Cal,26Nov. 1932,F.E. Blaisdell
(3, CAS); Cal, Hubbard & Schwarz (1, NMNH); Cal (4, NMNH); Del Monte, 7 June 1904,
A.Fenyes(2,CAS).
Distribution. FromAlaskatoCalifornia.
Synonymy. I have examined Casey's syntypes of Tarphiota pallidipes. I
could not find sufficient characters to separate Tarphiota pallidipes from T.
Vol. 107,No.4,September&October, 1996 181
fucicola. Legcoloration,whichwaspreviously usedtodistinguish T.pallidipes
from T.fucicola byCasey (1893), is notareliabledistinguishingcharacteristic.
Tarphiotageniculata (Maklin)
HomalotageniculataMaklin, 1852: 308;Bland, 1865:404.
Tarphiotageniculata (Maklin), 1893: 334; Bernhauerand Scheerpeltz, 1926: 596; Hatch, 1957:
145;MooreandLegner, 1975:489;LohseandSmetana, 1985: 291.
TarphiotahirsutulaCasey, 1910: 75.synonymybyFenyes 1920.
TarphiotaiotaCasey, 1910:76. synonymybyFenyes 1920.
TarphiotainsolitaCasey, 1910:76. synonymybyFenyes 1920.
TarphiotalitorinaCasey, 1910:75. synonymybyFenyes 1920.
TarphiotaseditiosaCasey, 1910: 76.synonymybyFenyes 1920.
Description:Length2.0-2.6mm.Bodycolorentirelyblack.Head=1.2timesaswideaslong,
integumentgranulose,microsculpturemoreorlesshexagonal.Labrumverytransverse.Epipharynx
with=6lateralporesoneachside.Labiumwith=5medialpseudoporesand=3lateralpseudopores.
Pronotum=1.2 timesas wideas long, integument granulose; apical line straight, basal line very
slightly sinuate, sides round. Mesosternal process acute. Elytra=1.2times as long as pronotum,
integument granulose. Abdominal tergites with microsetae more or less uniformly distributed,
macrosetaenotdistinct.
Aedeagus. MedianlobeasinFig. 10. ParamereasinFig. 11.
Spermatheca.Tubebroad(Fig. 12).
Type series. Homalota geniculata Maklin, Lectotype designated by Lohse
and Smetana in 1985.
Tarphiota hirsutula Casey: Lectotype, here designated, in the collection of
the NMNH, with label as follows: "Cal, Casey bequest 1925; Lectotype,
Tarphiota hirsutula Casey, Desig. K. J. Ahn, 1995".
Tarphiota iota Casey: Lectotype, here designated, in the collection of the
NMNH,withlabel asfollows: "Cal,Casey bequest 1925;Lectotype, Tarphiota
iota Casey, Desig. K. J.Ahn, 1995". Paralectotype, 1, same data as lectotype.
Tarphiota insolita Casey: Lectotype, here designated, in the collection of
the NMNH, with label as follows: "Casey bequest 1925; Lectotype, Tarphiota
insolitaCasey, Desig. K. J. Ahn, 1995".
Tarphiota litorina Casey: Lectotype, here designated, in the collection of
the NMNH, with label as follows: "Cal, Casey bequest 1925; Lectotype,
Tarphiota litorinaCasey, Desig. K. J.Ahn, 1995". Paralectotypes, 2, samedata
as lectotype.
Tarphiota seditiosaCasey: Lectotype, here designated, in the collection of
the NMNH, with label as follows: "Casey bequest 1925; Lectotype, Tarphiota
seditiosa Casey, Desig. K J. Ahn, 1995". Paralectotype, 1, same data as lecto-
type.
Material Examined. CANADA: British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Isl., Lepas Bay, Graham
Island, 15July 1988,J.S.Ashe,exunderrottingseaweedonbeach(35, KSEM);Massett,nodate.
Rev.Keen(2,CAS);Sidney,nodate,A.Fenyes(1,CAS). UNITEDSTATES:Alaska: NazanBay,
182 ENTOMOLOGICALNEWS
6
Figs. 1-6. T.fucicola(Miiklin). 1,Antenna,dorsalaspect;2, labrum,dorsalaspect; 3,epipharynx,
dorsalaspect;4,rightmandible,ventralaspect;5,maxilla,dorsalaspect.6,labium,dorsalaspect.
Scale,0.1 mm.
Vol. 107, No.4,September&October, 1996 183
9
10 12
Figs. 7-12. T.fucicola (Maklin), 7-9 and T. geniculata (Maklin), 10-12. 7, Median lobe, lateral
aspect; 8, paramere, lateral aspect;9, spermatheca,dorsalaspect; 10, median lobe, lateralaspect;
11,paramere,lateralaspect; 12,spermatheca,dorsalaspect. Scale,0.1 mm.
184 ENTOMOLOGICALNEWS
AtkaAleutianIsl., 1 Aug. 1907,VanDyke(3,CAS).Oregon:LincolnCo.: 5.0mi. S.Waldport,26
Aug. 1986,J. S.Ashe,exrunningonwavesweptshore(5,KSEM);4.0mi. N.Yachtshwy 101,27
Aug. 1986, J. S. Ashe, ex on sand beach (39, KSEM). California: Humboldt Co.: Prairie Creek
RedwoodSt. Park,GoldBluffBeach,24July 1975,V.F.Lee(6,CAS);MarinCo.: BolinasPoint,
1.6mi.duewestofBolinas, 16June 1974,V.F.Lee(8,CAS),20April 1975(7,CAS),9June 1974
(2,CAS);BolinasPoint,2June 1974,V.F.Lee(4,CAS);StinsonBeach, 14May 1991,K.J.Ahn
& J. S. Ashe, ex underseaweed on sand beach (2, KSEM); Point Reyes, North Beach, 14 May
1991, K. J.Ahn &J. S.Ashe,ex underseaweed (1, KSEM); PointReyes,Nat. SeashoreWildcat
Beach, 1 June 1975,V.F.Lee(2,CAS);SanFranciscoCo.: SanFrancisco,nodate,F.E.Blaisdell
(4, NMNH),Aug. (16, CAS),July (2, CAS), 9 Sept. 1909 (1, CAS), 27 May 1908 (1, CAS), 24
Nov. 1907(4,CAS),May(1,CAS),6Aug.,Wickham(4,CAS), 1 Aug.(2,CAS);SanMateoCo.:
Halfmoon Bay St. Beach, 16 May 1991, K. J. Ahn &J. S.Ashe, ex underseaweed (10, KSEM);
MontaraBeach, 16May 1991,K.J.Ahn&J.S.Ashe,exunderseaweedonsandbeach(1,KSEM);
PomponioSt.Beach,5June 1991,K.J.Ahn,exunderseaweed(12,KSEM);MontereyCo.:Asilomar
St. Beach, 20 May 1991, K. J. Ahn, ex underseaweed (10, KSEM);AsilomarBeach, 31 March
1968,J.B.Evans,exunderwetseaweed(1,KSEM);SalinasRiverSt.Beach,20May 1991,K.J.
Ahn, ex underseaweed; Zmudowski St. Beach, 20 May 1991, K. J.Ahn, ex underseaweed (41,
KSEM);Carmel,24March 1919,E.P.VanDuzee(1,CAS),8Sept. 1920,F.E.Blaisdell(8,CAS);
SanLuisObispoCo.: PismoSt.Beach,2June 1991,K.J.Ahn,exunderseaweedonsandbeach(4,
KSEM);CayucosSt.Beach,22May 1991,K.J.Ahn,exunderseaweed(23,KSEM);MorroStrand
St. Beach,22May 1991, K.J.Ahn,exunderseaweed(8, KSEM);SantaBarbaraCo.: SantaBar-
bara, 16June 1931,F. E. Blaisdell (1, CAS); Pt. Sal St. Beach, 3June 1991, K. J.Ahn,ex under
seaweed(42,KSEM);CarpinteriaSt.Beach,23May 1991,K.J.Ahn,exunderseaweed(4,KSEM);
Figs. 13-14. 13, Tarphiotafucicola (Maklin), habitus. Length: 3.0mm; 14, Tarphiotageniculata
(Maklin),habitus.Length:2.4mm.
Vol. 107, No.4,September&October, 1996 185
SanMiguelIsl.,20June 1910,V.W.Owen(2,CAS);VenturaCo.:SanBuenaventuraSt.Beach,23
May 1991,K.J.Ahn,exunderseaweed(5, KSEM);LosAngelesCo.: LongBeach,28Oct. 1916,
J. O. Martin (3,CAS); Redondo, March,A. Fenyes (3, CAS),April (1, CAS), July (1, CAS); S.
Pedro, Aug. (2, KSEM): Cal (3, NMNH); San Diego Co.: San Diego, Hubbard & Schwarz (1,
NMNH),20Aug. 1917,J.O.Martin(8,CAS),22Nov. 1890,F.E.Blaisdell(5,CAS), 19Jan. 1928
(4,CAS),nodate(2,CAS),nodate,Wickham(1,CAS);SilverStrandSt.Beach,28May 1991,K.
J.Ahn,exunderseaweed(8, KSEM);Del Monte,June,A.Fenyes(2,CAS);Caseybequest 1925
(6,NMNH).
Distribution. FromAlaska to California.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Ithankthefollowingpeoplefortheircontributionstothisproject. D. Kavanaugh(California
Academy ofSciences; CAS), J. Muona (Finnish Museum ofNatural History; FMNHC), G. N.
House (National Museum of Natural History; NMNH), and J. S. Ashe (Snow Entomological
Museum, UniversityofKansas; KSEM)whogenerouslyprovidedmewiththeopportunitytoex-
aminethecollectionsincludingthetypeseriesofspeciesofTarphiotabyarrangingfortheloanof
specimens. IalsothankJamesS.AsheandSteveW.Lingafelterforreadingandprovidinghelpful
suggestions on the manuscript. This research was supported by Snow Entomological Museum
DevelopmentFund,Univ.ofKansasGeneralResearchFundAward#91-162,andNSFGrantDEB-
9521755awardedtoJamesS.Ashe.
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