Table Of ContentREVISION OF THE DUNG BEETLE GENUS TEMNOPLECTRONWESTWOOD
(COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: SCARABAEINI)
C.A.M. REID AND R.I. STOREY
Reid, C.A.M.& Storey,R.I.2000 1231: Revisionofthedungbeetlegenus Temnoplectron
Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeini). Memoirs ofthe QueenslandMuseum
46(1): 253-297. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835.
Temnoplectron Westwood is revised and five new species described, four from North
Queensland: cooki, finnigani, lewisense, monteithi, one from New Guinea: wareo.
Temnoplectron reyi Paulian is removed from synonymy with T. politulum Macleay,
TemnoplectronlaevigatumMatthewsisplacedinsynonymywith T. boucomontiPaulian, T
heurrti Paulian and T. howdeni Paulian are synonymised with T atropolitum Gillet, and T.
majorPaulianisrecognisedinAustraliaforthefirsttime.Allknownspeciesareredescribed.
Akeyisprovidedforthe19speciesofTemnoplectronandnewdistributionrecordsarenoted.
Acladisticanalysisofthegenusispresented,theresultsofwhichsuggestatleasttwoorigins
for flightlessness in the genus. The biogeography of Temnoplectron is discussed with
referencetoisolationofrainforestblocksduringperiodsofmaximumaridity.OColeoptera,
Scarabaeidae, Temnoplectron, Australia. New Guinea.
CAM. Reid. Co-operative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and
Management, JamesCook University, Smithfield4878, Australia(currentaddress: Centre
forBiodiversityandConservationResearch, AustralianMuseum. 6 CollegeStreet, Sydney
2000):R.I. Storey, QueenslandDepartmentofPrimaryIndustries, POBox 1054, Mareeba
4880. Australia:'received24 October2000. '
ThescarabaeinefaunaofAustraliaisoneofthe More than 7,500 Australian specimens of
best known speciose beetle groups on this Temnoplectron have been examined, collected
continent, thanks to taxonomic revisions ofall from all ofthe major rainforest blocks in north
the genera by Matthews (1972, 1974, 1976). Queensland.Thisrecentcollectinghasdiscovered
These works were partly based on surveys of fournew flightless montane species and several
pastoral countrypriortotheintroductionofexotic cryptic-species complexes, which are described
species (Bornemissza, 1976) and collections by here. Nineteenspeciesarenowrecognised inthe
Matthews himself. The rainforests of north genus, 16 in Australia and 5 in New Guinea. A
Queensland were relatively under-explored for key tothe species ispresented.
scarabaeines until systematic collecting by Ross
Storey, Geoff Monteith (Queensland Museum) The species ofTemnoplectron are confined to
andothers,from 976. Somematerial from these the tropics and subtropics, as far south as the
collections has b1een described (Storey, 1977, Brisbane area. The feeding and nidal behaviour
1984, 1986, 1991; Matthews& Stebnicka, 1986; of Temnoplectron laevigatum Matthews was
Storey & Weir, 1990; Storey & Monteith, 2000; described by Matthews (1974), and the biology
Reid, 2000), but many new species remain ofT involucre Matthews has been examined in
undescribed, especially in the largergenera. detail bv Asjnes Rortais,James Cook University,
TownsvilM1999, unpubl. PhD). To this can be
Temnoplectron Westwood is a genus of added published studies of altitudinal range
Scarabaeini with 16 described species prior to (Monteith, 1985 perching(Howden,Howden&
),
this revision; 10 in Australia (Matthews, 1974) Storev, 1991), seasonality in two species (Hill,
and 6 inNewGuinea(Paulian, 1985). Thegenus 1993), edge effects (Hill, 1995), habitat fidelity,
is well-defined and probably monophyletic. die! activity and diet (Hill, 1996). These studies
althoughitispossiblethatTemnoplectronispara- show that, for the commoner species in the
phyletic with respect to Monoplistes Lansberge southern part of the Wet Tropics, collecting
and Diorygopyx Matthews (Matthews, 1974). Temnoplectron isbestwithinrainforest,between
The lasttwoappearto besister-taxa. Thecurrent December and April, at night, using dung baits.
revision is concerned with attaching names to Temnoplectron species are alsoattracted to liver,
species,preparatorytoforthcomingphylogenetic mushroom and banana baits (Hill, 1996). Other
analysis of the Australian Scarabaeini, which species occur in open woodland or dry forest
may result in changes to the generic concepts. (Matthews, 1974).
254 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
MATERIALS AND METHODS sclerotised lump adjacent to the flagellum; the
ringsclerite,asclerotisedringatorbeyondthetip
MORPHOLOGY. The morphology of Tenmo- ofthe flagellum; the median sclerite, a deeply
plectron was studied in detail to obtain as many folded irregular shape in the middle of the
endophallus.Otherareasofsclerotisationmaybe
characters as possible for phylogenetic analysis.
Most terms for external characters should be present, but when observed through the inverted
obvious or selfexplanatory. The microsculpture wallarepoorlydefinedandgenerallyonlylightly
is described as seen under 50x magnification. sclerotised. The flagellum, being almost in-
Several ratios are used in the descriptions as variable, is not illustrated, the othersclerites are
convenient short-hand descriptors ofattributes, illustrated foralmostall species.
but it should be noted that many specimens are Female genitalia were removed by tearingthe
asymmetricandthereforetheratioscanvaryfora softened integument along one side of the
singlespecimen.Theeyewidthisthewidthofthe abdominal tergum and around themarginsofthe
dorsal part ofthe eye at its widest point, which abdominal apex, freeing the genitalia plus gut
maybebasalormedial,and iscompared withthe fromtheabdominal walls.Thisunitwassoftened
shortest dorsal distancebetween theeyestogive in dilute KOH, then water, and cleaned with
the interocular ratio. The hypomeral stria is the removal of most of the gut, tracheae and
ridgeandgroovefromthebaseofthehypomeron, glandulartissue.Thespennalhccawasexamined
parallel to the lateral margin (Fig. 4); it is in glycerol. The female genitalic system of
comparedwiththelengthofthehypomerontothe Temnoplectron is unusual amongst Scarabaeinae
posterioredge ofthe femoral excavation, at that inhavingthespermathecal ductopeningdirectly
point, to give the hypomeral ratio. The subtle to the external surface ofthe animal, not viathe
greenish colour of the elytra is best seen by vagina,whichisaseparateventrallysituatedduct
comparison with the pronotum (always black), (Fig. 23). There isoftensecondarysclerotisation
understronglighting.Striae8-1 donotreachthe around the entrance of the spermathecal duct,
basal edge of the elytra but are always ab- which may form atransverseorquadratebar,the
breviated by shortdistances whichare useful for spermathecal sclerite. The characteristic sclerite
diagnosing species. These distances are most between the female genitalia and the anus of
conveniently measured against the length ofthe Coptodactyla (Reid, in press) is absent, and the
mesepimeron, where it touches the epipleuron. hemisternites are small and insignificant short
The outer margin ofthe foretibia hasthree large quadrangular struts, internally placed on either
major teeth, and an indeterminate number of side ofthe anus. The spermatheca, in common
minorteeth (Fig. 7). The length ofthe male hind with many Scarabaeinae, has a transparent
tibial spine (Fig. 14) is often diagnostic (in fresh semi-circularwindowatthemiddle,ontheinside
specimens) and is best compared with the width margin ofthe point of inflexion (Fig. 24). The
ofthe tibia at the base ofthe spine, which gives spermatheca showed little variation and is
the tibial spine ratio. therefore not illustrated for all species, but the
Male genitalia were preparedby immersion in spermathecal sclerite, ifpresent, is illustrated.
KOH
dilute for several hours then rinsing in Descriptions are based on freshly emerged
water. The endophallus was removed by cutting specimens, if available. Older specimens may
the membrane between the parameres and basal havescratcheddorsal surfaces,eroded foretibial
piece and separating these. In all species it is a teeth (compare Figs 7G & H), tibial spurs, and
simple tube without lateral lobes. The endo- hind tibial spines (compare Figs 15A & B), and
phalluswaspulledaparttoexposethesclerites.A the frontoclypeus may beblunted.
nomenclature of male endophallic sclerites in
Coprini was provided by Genier (1996), which MATERIAL. Abbreviations for repositories are
was modified for Coptodactyla Burmeister as follows: Australian Museum, Sydney (AMS);
(Reid. 2000) and this system is appropriate for Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra
Temnoplectron species. In the latter, there arc 4 (ANIC); Canadian Museum for Nature, Ottawa
endophallic sclerites (Fig. 20, flagellum omit- (CMN); Deutsches Entomologische Institut,
ted), in a single ejaculatory sac, which form the Berlin(DEB); Hope DepartmentofEntomology,
sperm pumpwheneverted: theflagellum, almost Oxford (HDO); James Cook University,
uniformly shaped, with broad, trilobed and Townsville and Cairns campuses (JCU); Museo
ridged base and single whip-like apex; the basal Civici, Genoa (MCG); Museum Zoologicum
sclerite, an irregular folded plate or almost solid Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia (MZB); Natural
'
I"NOF7Y:uv Oh)DUNGBEETLES
HMiusmto:r1y1inM,usPeruamg.uePar(iNsM(FMiN;HNQ)u:eeNnasilfoannadJ t(oMaptatrthietwioSn,in1g97s6p;ecRieetsd,in2t0h0e0)r.otAusnadurmo-uggmhugpu-iwdce
Department of Primary Indusiiv, Matceba first relied on male secondary sexual characters
(DPIM): Queensland Museum. Brisbane lOMj. on fiesh majormalespecimens,arguingthatthese
South Australian Museum. Adelaide (SAM); mporlaiil in mate-recognition and therefore
University ol Queensland Insect Collection, spccies-ciisciimmation by the organisms Wfc
Brisbane (UQX Western Australian Museum. believe litis is likely because in the rotnndum
Perth(WAM) gpecies-grrjuptheprimaly malesexual organ,die
Abbreviations lor collcclor's names (with itedeagUS, shows little variation, whereas in the
more than two entries) are as follows: CB, C. otherspeciesofTbmnoplecfwHthere is littlem no
Burwcll;GB,G, Bometniissza; EB f B Britton; en em oi secondary sexual charactersbut
JGB, J.G. Brooks; JDB. J.D. Brown; IC, I.F B. large and constant differences in acdeagal
Common; DC, 1)1 Coofc; DIC, I) J. & I. Cook: morphology [foi example in the poiin
JPDK.P..FTP.eDrorvaefnj;GEHK.,GAE..DH.oEldlwoawradvs;;HJAII.JL. FIIecShanA; psopiencti,esit-cboemcpalemxe.oFbigv.ioIu'sKitHhait. Fchraormacttheirssstoafrtitnhge
Howden; R1I. R. IfuppatZ; HJ, H. Janctzki; EM, surface sculpture and elytra! striae are too
F.G. Matthews; DM, U.K. McAlpir.c, SM. S variablein\\\cmiiinjiiinspecies-grouptohi.
Misko; (iM, GB Monteith; GSM, GJ3. & S.R. diagnoslically. although these may be valuable
Momcith: IViBM, M.S. & B.J, Moulds, S.IP, s. & characters in the other species-groups, On the
.1. Peek.i. k.( .A M. Retd; 1R. L Real;DR. D.C.F. other hand, there are excellent male leg char-
RSetnotr/e.y;;LRRT,,L.RRWoberTtasy;lo.rIS, G.1.T;SeyGmlourt,hoRmSp,soR.nI;. iaccstuelrtsswhoifcohutarestduidaygnoosftitchefoiwieaucmhlSupmecisepse.ciIchs-e
ML). MS Upton: AWU, A. Wal&rd-Huggii grouparesomenewsynonymyandtherecognition
AMVVII, A. & M. Walford-Ilugiiins, IW, .1,1 new species liu ilu- Australian fauna.
WasselF I VV I A Weir; DY,D.K. Yeates: PZ, F Wehave used the family name Laporrc inplace
Zborovvski. Bislelnau lor the author of Temnbple< ..
Abbreviations for geographic features: Bell, 'dinni isanhonorifictitle, lot rraoyois
Beget) C. Cape; Gk, t reek: I., island; Ml. I cHiis ' ompar de Caumonl Laportc. self-styled
Mount/Mountain, NP, National Park Pi, I fotnptf de Castelnau (Miisgrave, l°o2).
Ra. Range: R, River; Rd. Road; SI'. State forest;
Tbld, Tableland. Teninoplection Wcstwood. 1841
DlyEdFeIsNigInTaIteOdNSsu<c>hFbSyPFaCtIaxIosnoAmisspteicnksiginsoursaunacle- IikYIM-.iySpPyEC(MIaEtSt.heIwesn,iii1n^i7>4k)'.cw>n>;,tiindinnWestWBCd,hv
ofthe full range of sanation ol the organism DISTRIBUTION. Australia, from near Brisbane
concerned. This morphological study, based on north and west io Cape York and the ktmberley
more than 7,800 specimens, has allowed a Ranges, and New Guinea.
reasonable understanding of intra- and mter-
population variation within speeies. liven the DIAGNOSIS The genii', was comprehensively
rarest Australian speeies is represented by SO described by Matthews (1974). Amongst Aus-
specimens. tralianCanthonini it is identifiedby thefollowing
me ofthe new taxonomic decisions giver attributes: elytron without pscudepiplcuron
h are the result of discovery of hitherto outside stria 7i each claw with sharp basal loolh;
unknownmorphotypes,oi ofcryptic specieswith mid andhind tibial spursnot fused to tibial apex;
distinctive male genitalia. Oiese species are pj gidjum wiiiiout basal groove oi depression
fairly obvious. However. Tcnino/>k\1roii has a A few minor additions 01 alterations \^;<\ be
.ulailvdifficultspecies-complex which was made to the features listed by Matthews (1974):
only partly resolved in the last revision hypomeral stria present (minute in some
(Matthews, 1974): the roiimJiun spccics-gioup specimens oi / ,7m Blackburn); elytron
In this group, surface sculpture varies, perhaps with stria H present or absent, lore tibia ofmale
elinally, so that fresh specimens from range nol internally lobed at apex, with 3 large outer
extremesmayhavequitedillereiii punctalionand teeth and many small subsidiary teeth; mid tibia
micro.seulpturc. Thisissueis furtherconfusedby with two articulated spurs; hind tibia with piti
tmhe high freqiicicv ufold abraded :.po„rncnv as longation [spine) present w absent: a
species oi (. - - i spurpresentorabsent; firsthindtarsalsegmentas
MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
256
long as or shorter than second; parameres Clypealmargincurvedbetweengenalanglesandmedian
symmetrical or asymmetric, apices not strongly teeth,convexnearmedianteeth(Fig. 2B)(lessobvious
inwornspecimens); $ pygidiumwithstraightorevenly
deflexed ventrally: endophallus with four curved basal margin (Fig. 16A); apex of 3 hind tibia
selerites; female with entryto spermathecal duct without articulated spur(Fig. 14B)(ifhypomeral ratio
externally exposed on ridge (often sclerotised) 0.6. 1-4 minor teeth between major teeth of fore
betweenvaginaandanus:spermathecalductlong tibia) .' 5
and tightly coiled. 4(3). Frontoclypeus surface entirely finely punctate, or
slightly rugoseatanteriormargins: venterof$ and 2
The male can be distinguished by: apical fore mid femora evenly curved, not lobed or expanded al
tibial spurbroader,ovateandbladelike(compare apex(Fig. 11A);parameresmoreelongate,almostsym-
Fig.9partsE&F);pygidium longer;lastventrite metrical(Fig.17A-B)(NQ) . . bomermsszaiMatthews
medially foreshortened. Secondary sexual mod- Frontoclypeus more strongly punctate and rugose
ifications may be presenton themale pronotum, towardstheedges; 6" mid femurwithstrongpreapieal
mid and hind femoraand hind tibia. Mostmales pvernctarpailcallolbyeex(Fpiagn.deIdI;E)p,avreanmteerreosfshSortmeird,lfefetmtuhricskleirghatnldy
haveextendedhindtibialspinesincontrasttothe lesspointedthanright(Fig. 17F)(NQ) /WereLaporte
u1n5sBpi&neCd).feFmoaulressp(eccioemspasrheowFisg.ex1u3alpadritmsoEr&phFisomr 5(3).mOaujtoerrmtaeertghin(Foifg.for7eB-tiDb)i;awiintnher1-m2amrigni.onr. ftoereethtbiebitaweneont
in elytral surface sculpture. emarginate; 3 mid femur relatively flat, broadest in
apicalhalf,withlargepreapiealventral lobeand 8 mid
Thelarvalandpupalmorphologyisundescribed. femur slight!) ventrally expanded in apical half(Fig.
KEYTO SPECIWEESSOTFWTOEOMDNOPLECTRON nIaIrBr);ow3edhaitndapfeexm(uFrigb.ro1a1dHe)s;t3inhaipnidcatlibhiaallf,spviennetrraaltliyo
1.5-2,spinegraduallytaperedinprofile(Fig. I4B-D); 3
pronotum not antero-medially depressed (parameres
Supplementarycharacterstatesforahalfcoupletaregiven asymmetric, left blunt, right narrower with sharp flat
iT.nbcroaockkie,tsT..NIoewtiesetnh.asteboatnhdsTt.atmeosnloeficlloiuip.leTth1e2caoruepplreetssenmtaiyn apicallob,e)(S,C&NQ,NT,WA,.NGb)oucomoniiPauYian
appearcumbersomebutappeartowork forthethousands Outermarginofforetibiawith2-4minorteeth between
ofspecimenswehaveseen,includingdwarf,defonnedand majorteeth(Fig.7E-FI); innermarginforetibiausually
teneralspecimens. distinctlyemarginateinbasalhalf; 3 and 9 midfemora
not expanded in apical half, broadest at middle (Fig.
I. Lrasotwtowfolavregnetrpiutnecst(u5raensd(a6n)nsuelpaarrpaittesd);bhyedaedeapngdrporoovneowtiutmh (1F1iCg-.DI)I;F,3J)h;ianpdicfaelmuspribnreoa3dehsitndintmibiidadlloenograinndbatshailckh,aolrf
impunctate.orextremelyfinely punctured(fronto-clypeal short and flat; 3 pronotum often antero-medially
margin not produced between genal angle and median depressed 6
atenedth;trimaancgruolpart,erloeusss;th6anpoasptiecrailorwitdibtihalosfpitinbeias,howritt,hofluatt 6(5).Outerfaceofhindlibiaevenlycontractedtobase(Fig.
8sp-uIr:Omhimn;dNtGa)rsi long, 0.35-0.5 lengthahtirnodpotliibilau;mlQeilnlgetth Sl1le2hnBg)t;ehliyftnrnraeolrmmsbatarrisgaeina(Fboibfgr.feov7riFea.t-tiFeb)di;ahebymyapro0gm.ie5n-ra1at.l5eraXabtoiulote0n0.g.4t3-h-00..7o4;f
Suturebetweenlasttwoventritesnotorweaklygrooved, mesepimeron; pronotum and elytra dull, slrongly and
without row of punctures: head, and usually also evenlymicroreticulate(exceptpronotaldiscshiningand
pronotum,distinctlypunctured 2 notmicroreticulateinsomeCapeYorkPeninsulaspeci-
2(1). Larger, length 8-13mm; basal segment oflabial palp mens); major 3 pronotum deeply antero-medially
muchwiderand 1.3-2x longerthan2ndsegment(eyes depressed with lateral tubercles; 3 mid femur without
large, interocularratio4-7; lateralmarginsofpronotum swollenexternal face; 3 hind femurbroadest at middle,
complete; macropterous; 8th elytral stria present; 3 evenlytaperedtoapex(also V)(Fig. I IJ);apicalspineof
posteriortibial spineelongate,aslongasorlongerthan 3 hindtibiamassiveandblunt,almostasthickasbroad
tibial width: hind tarsi short, <0.3x length hind tibia; (Fig. 14F-G); parameres strongly asymmetric, left
base of metaslernal process without triangularly strongly curved, blunt, right with large fiatapical lobe
expanded[margins)(raftmdumspecies-complex). . . 3 (Fig."l7G-H)(NQ&NG) majorPaulian
Smaller,length3.5-7.5mm;basalsegmentoflabial palpi Outerfaceofhindtibiaabruptlycontractedatbase(Fig.
aswideasand1-1.5x longerthan2ndsegment(margins 12C); inner margin of fore tibia emarginate 0.2-0.25
ofefebflryo,nptrocoldyupceeudsbneostiderumgeodseilayntpeuentch;tu6r"edmiadnfdemnoutr,nootr 7lGen-gItIh):frhoympboamseer(aelmarrgaitniaoti0o.n6-r0a.r9e;l"y8atbhsenetlyitnra9l)(sFtirgi.a
modified;A hindtibiawitharticulatedspur) 7 abbreviated by 1-3x length mesepimeron; disc of
3(2). Clypeal margin almost straight between genal angles pronotum shining, not orshallowly microreticulate, in
andmedianteeth,notexpanded(Fig.2A);basalmargin contrast to dull elytra; major 3 pronotum shallowly
of6 pygidium medially swollen(Fig. 16B):apexof3 depressed without lateral tubercles; tj mid femur
hind libia with small articulated spur (Fig. I4A) broadestatmiddle,outerfaceswollen(lesssoin minor
(hypomeralratio0.3-0.6; 1-2minorteethbetweenmajor :' I; ' hind femur broadest before middle, with apex
teethofforetibia; 3 pronotum notmedially depressed; ventrallylobed(slightlysoin V)(Fig. IIF);apicalspine
8th stria almost reaching base ofelytra, abbreviated at oft? hindlibiashort,equaltoapicaltibialwidth,andflat
base by s length ofmesepimeron; 3 mid and hind inprofile(Fig. 1411-1);parameresasymmetric,leftthick
femora broadest inapical half; 3 hindtibial spineratio and blunt,rightwithshort flat lobeatapex(Fig. 17I-.I)
1.5-2,spinethickandblunt). 4 (NT,NQ) rotundumWestwood
,
'
REVISION OF TEMNOPLECTRONDUNG BEETLES 257
7(2).B2asxallqeunagrttherraoefseelpyitrmaervovinl,hu1susallrliyae,re8atchhaibnbgraepviicaatledhablyf girneteenr)spaces equal to puncture diameters; elyt1r4a
ofelytra(eyeslarge,interocularratio3.5-4.5;pronolum 13(12). Eyes smaller, interocular ratio 11-12 (Fig. 3P-Q);
shining, disc not orshallowly microreticulate, strongly body less elongate, and more convex (Fig. IB),
punctured and lateral margin complete; elytra dark lengttuwidth ratio 1.25-1.45; remnant of 8th stria
bronze-green;macropterousoralmostso,wingsextend shorter,presentasshortgrooveinelytralsecondquarter
beyondabdominal apex; c? hindtibial spineratio0.75- orreduced to punctures(Fig. 411); elytra black (length
1.25;length4-6.5mm) 8 5.5-7.5mm) cookisp.nov.
Basal quarterofelytrawithatmost9striae.8thabbrev- Eyes larger, interocular ratio 8-9 (Fig. 3F); body more
iated by >3x lengthmesepimeron, usuallyconfinedto elongate, less convex (Fig. 1C), length:width ratio
second quarter ofelytra (T diverxicolle. T.fmmgemi, 1.40-1.65; 8th stria longer, at least throughout second
some T. cooki),orreducedtoa fewelongatepunctures, quarter (Fig. 41^); elytra dark bronze-green (length
orabsent 9 6-6.5mm) diversicollcBlackburn
8(7).Rightparamerewithoutpreapicaldorsalnotchinlateral I4(12).Stria9deeply impressed, likestria 10,delineatedby-
view ("Fig. 19B) (length 5-6.5mm; head strongly but fineridge,withatmost3-5foveolatepuncturesinapical
sparsely punctured,dullandstronglymicroreticulate: i fifth; lore tibia with shorter, broader major teeth,
elytraentirelydullandmicroreticulate, 9 withintervals separated by 3-5 convex or sharp minor teeth (Fig.
5-10 or 6-10 shining, not obviously niicrosculptured lOF-FIl;baseofupperepipleuralmarginnotdepressed;
exceptatextremebase;striae 1-7withobviousfoveolate apices ofboth parameres concave, laterally depressed
psuhnacrtpuremsinionrapitceaelthhablfetowfeeelyntram;ajfoorre ttiebieathw)it(hN3Q-)7 (tFoicgu.rv18eEd)t;ipap(Fiicga.l1s0p1ur1)of9 foretibiateevweinsleynsaettsepn.unaotve.d
aeneopiceimiMatthews Stria 9 shallow, much shallower than stria 10 and not
Right paramere with preapical dorsal notch (Fig. I9C) delineatedbyaridge,withscatteredfoveolatepunctures
(length4-5.5mm(5-5.5mmonCarbineTbld);punctures throughout;foretibiawithlonger,narrowermajorteeth,
and microsctilpture ofhead usually uneven in density separated by 2-3 feebly convexorfiatminorteeth(Fig.
andsize,withpart(atleastpatchanteriortoeye)orallof 10B-E);baseofupperepipleuralmargindepressed;apex
headshining;basalthirdtohalfof6 elytrashiningand ofleftparamerebluntly rounded,apexofrightparamere
without microsculpture, apex microreticulate, 2 with triangularly produced (Fig. 18C-D); apical spur of 9
elytraentirelyshiningoronlymicroreticulateonapical l'oretibiaangulateoninnermargin(Fig. 10C-E) ....
halfofintervals 1-4;striae 1-7not.indistinctly,orrarely monteithisp.nov.
mdiisntoirnc,tluys,uaplulnyctbaltuent,inteaeptihcabletthwierde;nfmoarjeotribtieaetwhi)th(N2Q-)5 15(11ey).eSstrilaar1gesrt,ronignltyerdoeceupleanredraitnioapi3c-a4l.5qua(rFtiegr.of3eAl-yBtr)a;;
subvolitansMatthews frontoclypeus slightly concavebesidemedian teeth; 6
9(7). Basal border of pygidium with middle strongly hindtibiaevenlycurved,tibialspineratio0.6-0.75(Fig.
produced (Pig. 16D) (elytra dark bronze-green; lateral I3A-B); parameres symmetrical, with apico-venlral
pronotal border complete; brachypterous, wing scale tooth(Fig. I9I-JHNG) 16
halfelytra!length;8thstriapresentasimpressed lineon Stria I not deepened at elytral apex; eyes smaller,
secondquarterofelytra; interocularratio7-8.5; S hind interocular ratio 5.2-6.5 (Fig. 3C); frontoclypeus not
tibial spine ratio 0.65-0.75, spine blunt; parameres concavebesidemedianteeth; 6 hindtibiaslightlybent
symmetrical, each with preapical fringe oflong hairs) 0.25 from apex,tibial spineratio0.75-1.25 (Fig. 13C);
(NQ) prmiganisp.nov. parameresnot symmetrical, without ventral tooth (Fig.
Basal border ofpygidium not medially produced, but 19E) (middle of pronotal disc finely and sparsely
straight orevenly curved (fig. 16C);without theabove punctured;apexofelytranotproduced;NQ)
combinationofcharacters 10 disruptionMatthews
10(9). Lateral margin of pronotum partially or entirely 16(15).Elytrainprofileevenlycurvedtoapexofsuture(Fig.
pefrfoacceesdst(rFiiagnsg4uAla-rBl,yEe,xHpa)n(adnetde)riorcornersofmetastern1a1l 4anAt)e:riofrrotonteoycelsy;peeuysessstmraolnlgelry, mpounrcetuerveednl,yinnacrlruodwiendg
L(atNeOr)al margin ofpronotum complete(Fig.4C-D, F-G17) danitsecrmioorrley,stirnotnegrloycualnadrdreatnisoel3y.8p-u4n.c5tu(Friegd. 3A); pronotal
utTO'd/iOTiLansberge
11(10).Lateralmarginofpronotummissingmedially,atleast Elytra in profile produced and slightlyraisedatapex of
presentinapicalandbasalfifths,usually onlyeffacedin suture (Fig. 4B) (intervals 1-3 with subapical
middlequarter(Fig.4E, H);brachypterousorwingless depression); frontoclypeus finely and sparsely punc-
((Fmiegs.o5-Dm)e;teaysetsersmnaalll,miantregriocnulawritrahtiosm8a-l1l2(tFriig.an3gPu-lQa)r tured, anterior to eyes impunclate or almost so; eyes
excision;NQ) 12 (lFarigge.r,3aBb)r;uptplryoncoutravleddainstcerimoorlrye, ifnitneerloyculaanrdrastipoar3s-e3l.y5
Lateral margin completely effaced, or only present in punctured wttreosp.nov,
corners (Fig. 4A-B); macropterous; eyes larger, inter- 17(10). Eyes larger, interocular ratio 3.5-4.5 (Fig. 3.1-K);
ocularratio3-6,5(Fig.3A-B)(length4.5-5.5rom). . 15 macropterous;hindbodyelongate,sidesevenlytapering
12(11).Sizelarger,length5.5-7.5mm; 6 hindtibiawithlong from prominent elytral humeri to almosttruncate apex
apicalspine,equaltowidthoftibia(Fig. 15L-G)(linear (Fig. IF) (length 6-7.5mm; black; 9 outer elytral
segment of8th stria usually partially present in second intervals shining, contrasting with dull microreticulate
quarterofelytra) 13 inner intervals; 6 hind tibial spine sharp, tibial spine
Sizesmaller, length 3.5-4.5mm; A hindtibia with short ratio0.85-1.25) 18
apical spine, less than halfapical width oftibia (Fig. Eyessmaller,interocularratio7-12;hindwingsvestigial;
13N-0) (8th stria absent or reduced to 2-3 punctures; hindbodybroadandrounded,withoutprominentelytral
pronotum strongly punctured, sides ofdisc with some humeri 19
258 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
18(17).Leftparamereevenlyattenuatedtotriangularlip(Fig. TYPE. Notseen (in MCG). The species is recognisable
19G); basalthirdofstriae5-6very lightly impressedto from the redescription of the type material given by
almostinvisible, lessimpressedthanonsecondthirdof Paulian.
elytra,vvholeofstria7similar. . . . politulumMacleay
Leftparameresharplyproducedinprofile,withflattened MATERIAL.(5)PAPUANEWGUINEA:5.34miEPort
tip (Fig- 19H); basal two-thirds of striae 5-6 evenly Moresby,KokodaTrail,2200',dunstraps, 14-18.vii.1974,
impressed, stria 7 similar or more stronglyw/impressed S. Peck(CMN,DPIM)
Paulian
19(17). Length 3.5-5mm: elytra distinctly bronzed or DESCRIPTION (male). Colour. Body black,
greenish; meso-metasternal border with small median appendagesreddish-brown.
transversetubercle; 8 hindtibiawithshortapicalspine, Length: 4.5-5.5mm.
tibial spine ratio <0.5; 9 elytra shining and evenly
shallowly microsculptured; one or both parameres Head(Fig.3A). Stronglybutsparselypunctured,
concave,roundedorpointedinprofile 20 anterior,genaeandmiddleoffrontoclypeusmore
Length 5.5-7.5mm; dorsum pure black; meso- finely punctured and microreticulate than base;
metasternal border with flat triangular excision (Fig. eyeslarge,evenlynarrowedanteriorly,interocular
61B-)1;.25S(hFiingd.ti1b5iFa-CwTi)t;hlVonogutapeircaellystprailne,inttiebrivalalsspisnheinriantgi,o ratio 3.8-4.5; anterior margin frontoclypeus
shallowly microsculptured, contrasting with dull inner strongly upraised and curved anteriorly from
intervals;bothparamereswithbluntortruncateapicesin rounded genal angles, but slightly excavate
profile (Fig. 19D-E) (disc metaslernum strongly beforenarrowapicalteeth;firstsegmentoflabial
spturnacptluikree)d, mesosternum almost impunccloaolkei;spw.innogv.s palpi 1.2-1.5x length second segment.
20(19), Stria 9 similar to stria 10, deeply impressed, Thorax (Figs 4A. 8A, 13A). Pronotum: shining,
delineated by a fine ridge, with at most 3-5 foveolate not microreticulate except extreme lateral
punctures inapical fifth; 2-5 sharpminorteethpresent margins; pronotal disc strongly and closely
betweenmajorteethofanteriorborderofforetibia;base punctured, not medially depressed; lateral
ofupperepipleuralmarginnotdepressed;apicalspurof
V foretibiaevenlyattenuatedtocurvedtip 21 margin pronotum entirely effaced, or almost so,
Stria 9 shallow, much shallower than stria 10 and not at least 75% absent; hypomeral stria weakly
delineatedbyaridge,withscatteredfoveolatepunctures expressed, hypomeral ratio 0.25-0.3; elytra
throughout;foretibiawithlonger,narrowermajorteeth, entirely microreticulate, but shallowly and
separatedby2-3feeblyconvexminorteeth(Fig. IOB-F); irregularly in basal third; elytra strongly arched
obVafslfeeofrotefptuaiprbipaaemraenregepuilbpalltueneutrolanylrminoanurengrdiemndad,regapiprneesx(sFoeifgd.;riaIgpOhitCc-aplEa)rs(apamupreero\ef ianpipcraolfihlael,f,hwiightehs0t-a2tpmuindcdtluer;ess;trsitari1a8dereepdeunceeddtino
triangularly produced; both parameres with short a few elongate punctures in second elytral
subapicalrowofsetae) monteitlusp.nov. quarter, stria 9 abbreviated by 1.5-2x length
21(20). Elytra dark bronze-green, only slightly contrasting mesepimeron;baseofepipleuronnotconstricted;
with pronotum, basal thirdofintervals 1-3 shiningand macropterous; meso-metasternal border slightly
cuosnuvaelrlgyenwtitwhitohutsidmeicmrarogsicnu;lpitnutrereo;culhayrproamtieor7a-l8,setyreisa raised, with narrow transverse median tubercle;
broadestatbaseofdorsalportion(Fig.3L);& hindtibial median lobe of metasternum shining, without
spur 1.5x length firsttarsal segment(Fig. 13M);head, microsculptureexceptatextremeapex,finelybut
pronotum and metastemal median lobe usually finely closely punctured, with margins triangularly
arnodundspeadrsaelpyex,punrcigthutredp;aralemfetrpearwaimtehreansgiunluaattee,bwaistahl expanded in apical comers; outer margin fore
projection, neither with ventral setae (Fig. 18B) tibia with 2-4 convex minorteeth betweenthree
involucreMatthews acutemajorteeth, innermarginslightlyconcave;
Elytra brassy-green, contrasting strongly with black mid and hind femora elongate-ovate; hind tibia
pronotum, strongly microreticulate throughout; with short apical spine, tibial spine ratio 0.75,
hypomeral stria almost parallel to side margin; with prominent articulated spur; hind tarsi long,
dionrtsearlocpuolratriornat(iFoig8.-310M,);eySeshinbdrotaidbieasltspnuerarasmliodndglaesoorf 0.4X length hind tibia, segment 1 ventrally
shorter than first tarsal segment (Fig. 13N); head, lobed,2,3and4elongaterectangular,decreasing
pronotumandmetastemalmedianlobeusuallystrongly in length, segment 5 almost equal length
and closely punctured; apices of both parameres segments 3+4.
concave, laterally depressed, with short \entral row of
smallsetae(Fig.l8E). . lewisensesp.nov. Abdomen (Figs 19J, 21E). Suture between last
two ventrites simple, not deeply grooved and
punctured; basal margin of pygidium evenly
Temnoplectron aeneolum Lansberge
curved, without prominence in middle;
(Figs3A, 4A, 8A, 13A, 19J, 21E, 23L, 24D. 25)
parameres almost symmetrical, short and broad
Temnoplectron aeneolum Lansberge, 1885: 375; Paulian. with triangular tooth on venter ofapices, which
1934: 285; Paulian. 19*5: 224. are reflexed and overlapping, without fringe of
REV(Sil >N ( >F TEWOPLECTBON DUNG RUM S
TYPi;. Ilolorspc: Paluma Dam Rd, Ml Spec, 30.iii.IWiS,
FA (ANIC). Lxamined.
I
MATERIAL. (479)NORTH QUEENSLAND: Kfthdaj
Ck Falls (AN1C. BMNHl; Bluewaler Ka(()\1/: Boulder
Ck, lulls (MM): KJot '!V. Caidwcll(ANIC);ChamuUJu
W
Ck (QM); 40km Ingham (ANIC); 22km Nl (sic,
MW'I Kenned) (ANIC); k.irrama Ra. (JCU, QM):
klcllbcrgRdtumofl(IJM):I..aminsHill(QM);Mal;ianRd
2km otrilVav (QM); Malaan SF (QM); MlUaa Mfflaa
I alls(QMi. Mifather("lanes (QM);MtFislieriOM);Ml
Graham,( ardwell Ka. (QM); Mt Halifax(K'lJ. QM); Mi
Hugh Nelson (QM); 7km S Mi ftajroomool (QM); Ml
MaCallSter(QM MtSpec(ANIC.JCU);2miWMlSpec
I;
(l)IMM);ImmersionNP(QM);Paluma ANFC,.ll to: Imi
WNWI
IHirk.imliiWiiMiPpaarlaurmvpae:(.\AfN\IICCi);;6k12m1m) E PPaalluummaa((AANNIICC));;
Paluma Dam Rd (including 27 paratypes; ami.. QM);
Ravenrfioe SF(ANIC); 11km& lSkm SSw Raveush*
lulls Falls SF iDPIM): 5km NE Ravenshoc (DIMM),
iskm ssw Ravcnslme(DPIM); SmokoCk r.ic'fi>:Fully
i nils (AMS. QM); Fulls R Dam (QM); Tulh R Ciii
(QM): l.f'kin N lulls R Xing (QM); Upper Buuld
PI:'G'!'.,i'iii'/,i)iniiil'oaput\tiivin,^ <I w ipi ipc.eaavb.;oCd,)iiivoeurt.liiiin:e(>ll<i (WQoMn)g:abWealll6anktmanSFa^lJlhserRtdon((QDMP)1;M)W;inWdospgaPobseil,(A?TknIl S
Bnlofvl.c;kl!u.ir;n;i;IPFaualtirannp.aiNiotliiIm"Csiiltet; I , (eivwmse sp MluatOll I \NIC);YueeahincCk (QM)
DESCRIPTION (malei. Cnlow: Black, clylta
seiae; endophallus with roughly C-shaped basal dark greenish appendages darkreddish-brossn.
sclerite and appendage, short and uanoss ring Length. 5.0-6.5mm.
msceldeiraitnescwliertihtoe.ut appendage, strongly lobed rHeelaatdiv(e1lyig.sp3aDr)s.elSytiopnugnlcytuarnedd,alsmtorsotngelvyeiimlicrIot-il
Female (Figs 23L, 24D). Spermathecal sclerite reticulate; Irontoelypeus not rugoscly punctured
divided into two feebly selerotised smooth towards anterior margin, which is evenly
ridges, separated by base ofspermatheeal duct; shallowly curved between genal angles mil
spermatheca falcate, gradually narrowed to median teeth; eyes large, broadest at middle.
pointed apex. interoeular ratio 4.5-5; first segment of labial
palpi 1225 x length ofsecond.
REMARKS. Contrary to Paulian's observations Thorax (Figs 5A. SG. 13D-EF Pronotum:
( 1985: 224), this is a typical member ofTemno- strongly and closely punctured, disc shining.
pleciron,sharingmanycharacterstateswithseveral shallowly or not microreticulate, sides strongly
Australian congeners and T, Wareo SJV, nov. mieroreticulaie, disc not anteriorly depressed,
DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGY (Fig. 25). lateral margins pronotum complete; hypomeral
ratio 0.2-0.4: elytra entirely microreticulatc.
Tenmoplt'ttranueiienhimwasdescribed from Kly
usually strongly and evenly so, rarely shallow*t
RbiyveDr'A(lLbaenrstbiesrgien1e8i8t5he),rfrNoomvemmatbeerri-alDecoclelmecbteerd in basal half; intervals moderately strongly
1875 or May-July 1876, within 580km of the punctured; apical half stria 1 punctate hui lujt
depressed; striae 1-7 with sparse fcneolatc
amomuotshaiocftohfeFslwyaRmipvefro(reGsotodaned19s7a7\a).nnIahhiswaroeoadi-s pbausnacltutrheirsdoonfaepliyctarla whiatlhf r1a0resltryiateo.b8alsheeolflacelevdtima
land. Italsooccurs inasimilarrangeofhabitatat apical half, rarely apical 0.7; stria 8 abbreviated
3-700maltitudenearPortMorseby<Paulian 1985). by 1-2 X mesepnneronlength;baseofepiplcuron
notconstricted:macroptcrous;meso-metasiernal
Temnoplectron aeneopiceum Matthews margin with almost Hat triangularmediantubercle:
(Fins 50; 5A. XG-H. 13D-K, I9B. 21C, 23C, rnetasternum strongly punctured throughout.
24F, 26) shining except anterior of median lobe micro-
TwrWnennN.tt1i9e9m3mtiuntmuuUxum Matthews. ic)74 15?; Cassis& rtertiiacnuglualtaer,lyanetexrpiaonrdceodrnmearrsgionfs;lobfoeressittihbianarrow
260 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
margin with three acute major
teeth separated by 3-7 sharp or
convex minor teeth (varies within
individuals), inner margin almost
straight; mid femur elongate-
ovate; hind tibia evenly curved.
outer face abruptly or gradually
contracted towards base, almost
parallel-sided forapicalhalf; hind
tibial spine sharply pointed, tibial
spine ratio 0.75-1.5. with apical
spur as long as first tarsal
segment; hind tarsi long, c.0.3
length hind tibia, segment
I
ventrally lobed, 2, 3 and 4
elongate rectangular, decreasing
in length, segment 5 almost equal
length segments 3+4.
Abdomen (Figs OB, 21C).
I
Ventrites 1-5 with basal row of
small sensory pits: last two ven-
trites with shallowly impressed
impunetate boundary; basal
margin of pygiclium evenly
curved or rarely with median
swelling; parameres wilhout setal
fringe, roughly sinusoidal with
deep ventral c\cavation towards
base, but asymmetric, left with
obliquely truncate apex, apex
dorsally minutely toothed and
ventrally produced; right
paramere not dorsally notched,
gradually constricted to blunt FIG.2. Temnoplectrunspecies,ratundumspeciesgroup,dorsal view of
inwardly folded apex; endo- head; A, bornem/sssai Matthews: B. boueomonri Fatilian (holutype
phallus:basalscleritepear-shaped lueVigalumMatthews):C,baucomonti(wornspecimen,Dimbulah);D,
withangularlateral lobeandsmall boucomonii (PNG): E. baucomoYrtl (Cairns): F, lucre (Laporte)
adjacent sclerite: flagellum long, (Windsor Tbld); G. taeve (Paluina): II, major Paulian; I, rotundum
lobesnotequidistant; ringsclerite Westwood. All tosamescale.
withthick-vvailed narrow ringand
blauttersapllliyt bfylamreeddilaonbe:clemfetdian selcrile triangular REMARKS. Adetailed description isgiven here
because this species was not clearly distin-
Female (Figs 811, I3F, 23C. 24F). As above, guished from T. siibmliians when originally
except: inner halfofelytra (intervals 1-4. or 51 described (Matthews, 1c>74). Two paratypes of
microreticulate and dull (intervals 1-4, or -5), 7^ aeneopiceurrt (from Mount Lewis) belong to
contrasting with shining, non-microreticulate 7^ sitbvolitans.
Outer half(intervals 5- or 6-10); fore tibial spur DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGY (Fig 26),
slightlyflattened,attenuatedtocurvedapex;hind Present all year, but most active or abundant
tibia with short apical lobe, less than halfapical during the wet season, from December to April
ttirbainalsvweirdsteh;wegaenkiltyalias:clesrpoetrimsaetdh,ecbarloasdclerriitdege,a o(Hnilvl,eg1e9t9a3ti).oTnhiatssnpiegchitesancdomimsoanttlryacpteerdchtoeslligohwt
nnnslucent around orifice; spermatheca small (Hovvden etaL, 1991 ), Widespread andcommon
andC-shaped,withslightlyswollenbaseandthin in rainforest from Bluewater Range north to (he
curved apex. southern end oftheAtherlonTableland, where it
REVISION OF TEMNOPLECTRONDUNG BEETLES 261
FIG. 3. Tenmoplectronspecies,dorsal view ofhead; A,aeneolum Lansberge; B,wareo sp. nov.; C, disruptum
Matthews; D, aeneopiceum Matthews; E, subvolitans Matthews; F, diversicolle Blackburn; O, atropolitum
Gillet;H,henrniPaulian;I,howdeniPaulian;i,politulumMacleay;K,reyiPaulian;L,involucreMatthews;M,
lewisensesp.nov.;N,monteithisp. nov.; O.fvmigmiisp. nov.; P,cookisp.nov. (MtSpurgeon); Q,cooki(Mt
Haig). All tosamescale.
262 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
FIG.4.Temnoplectronspecies,lateralviewofthorax;A,aeneolumLansberge;B,wareosp.nov.;C,boucomonti
Pauiian;D,laeve(Laporte);E,diversicolleBlackburn;F,atropolitumGillet;G,finniganisp.nov.; H,cookisp.
nov.; epipleuron stippled.Notto scale.
overlaps slightly with its sister-species, T. DESCRIPTION (male). Colour. Black,
subvolitans. appendagesreddish-brown.
Length. 8-10mm. Body relatively elongate (Fig.
Temnoplectron atropolitum Gillet ID).
(Figs ID, 3G-I, 4F, 6A, 9A-D, 12D, 13I-K,
17K-M, 20A, 23B, 24C,25) Head (Fig. 3G-I). Lemon-shaped, anterior
margin offrontoclypeus evenly curved between
TemnoplectronatropolitumGillet, 1927: 252; Pauiian, 1934: genalanglesandmedianteeth,exceptslightnick
285;Pauiian, 1985:224. at base ofclypeus; frontoclypeus impunctate or
TemnoplectronheurniPauiian, 1985:225;syn.nov. apparently so (sometimes minute punctures
TemnoplectronhowdeniPauiian, 1985: 227;syn.nov. visible at x 50), densely and evenly finely
TYPES.LectotypeofT.atropolitum(inDEB),designated microreticulate, shining but duller than pro-
by Pauiian (1985) from Dormanpadbivak, not seen, but notum; eyes large, interocularratio 3.7-5.3; first
contemporarytopotypicmaterialexamined.HolotypeofT. maxillary palp segment 1.2-1.5 x length of
heurninotexamined(inDEB).HolotypeofT.howdeninot second segment.
seen (in CMN), but part ofthe same series (topotypic)
Thorax (Figs 4F, 6A, 9A, 9C-D, 12D, 13I-K).
examined.
Pronotumshining,shallowlyorobscurelymicro-
MATERIAL. (336, onlythose examined in detail listed) reticulate, minutely and sparsely punctured;
INDONESIA:4, Dormanpadbivak, 1410m,x.1920,W.C. pronotal disc anteriorly slightly depressed or
vanHeurn(ANIC,MZB); 1,FreeportConcession,Timika, evenlyconvex;lateralmarginofpronotumentire
4.76145°S 136.86369°W[sic], inner mature mangrove, to completely obliterated from base tojunction
dungpitfall, 15m, 16.iii.1997,Ubaidillah(MZB); 1,ditto, withfemoralhollow,oftenwithdorsaltriangular
except 4°39'43"S 136°53'50"E, peat swamp, thickenedareaatextremelateraledge(abradedin
13-16.iii.1997 (MZB); 4, ditto, except 4°17'23"S oldspecimens?);hypomeralratio0.25-0.4;elytra
138°59'98"W[sic], open heath forest, 600m,
shining, shallowly or obscurely microreticulate,
pSIurlyi-am1n4a.trioyi,if.oA1r.e9s9tS7,a(piMamZnB(t)rMa;Zp,B1),1;3J0a20y,amdw,iitj6t-ao2y6ea.x,Xc.Keep1l9ti9l51a,,5E0W.0uCrmhiog(leMilZke,Bb)Au;.r ainbtseernvtalsorfifneeelbylypuinmcptrueresds;edeloyntraellysttrrailaedi1s-c6,
PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 3, Western Highlands, Mt shallowly impressed in apical third or with
Hagen,oakforestdungtraps,6000'[1800m],5-S.vii.1974, scattered deep foveolate punctures, striae 5-6
S. Peck(CMN, DPIM). sometimes almost entirely punctate; stria 7
