Review of Dermatology

521 Pages·2016·73.61 MB·English

by  Ali Alikhan

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2015v1.0
Review of
Dermatology
This page intentionally left blank
Ali Alikhan,
MD
Assistant Professor
Residency Program Co-Director
Director of Clinical Trials
Department of Dermatology
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, OH, USA
Thomas L.H. Hocker,
MD, MPhil
Mohs and Reconstructive Surgeon
Dermatopathologist and General Dermatologist
Advanced Dermatologic Surgery
Chair, Multidisciplinary Melanoma and Advanced Skin Cancer Clinic,
Sarah Cannon Cancer Center at Menorah Medical Center
Dermatopathology Lecturer and Adjunct Faculty
University of Kansas
Overland Park, KS, USA
Review of
Dermatology
Section Editors
Rahul Chavan, MD, PhD
Monisha N. Dandekar, MD
Nada Elbuluk, MD, MSc
Daniel B. Eisen, MD
Rishi K. Gandhi, MD, FAAD
John R. Griffin, MD
Anne L. Housholder, MD
Adnan Mir, MD, PhD
Kara N. Shah, MD, PhD
Raja K. Sivamani, MD, MS, CAT
Megha M. Tollefson, MD
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Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2017
© 2017, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the
Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience
broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment
may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating
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ISBN: 9780323296724
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For Elsevier
Content Strategist: Russell Gabbedy
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Design: Miles Hitchin
Marketing Manager: Kristin Koehler
Contents
Preface viii 2.5 Oncologic agents in dermatology 40
List of Contributors ix Ali Alikhan
Acknowledgements xii 2.6 Antimicrobial agents 41
Dedication xiii Ali Alikhan
2.7 Phototherapy 49
1 Basic Science 1 Ali Alikhan
Edited by Adnan Mir and Rahul Chavan 2.8 Miscellaneous agents 51
1.1 Structure and function of the skin 1 Ali Alikhan
Rahul Chavan and Adnan Mir 2.9 Drug interactions and the cytochrome
1.2 Embryology 11 P-450 system 54
Rahul Chavan and Adnan Mir Ali Alikhan
1.3 Wound healing 12
Rahul Chavan and Adnan Mir
3 General Dermatology 59
1.4 Genetics 12
Edited by Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker
Rahul Chavan and Adnan Mir
3.1 Papulosquamous dermatoses 59
1.5 Laboratory techniques and molecular biology 13
Ali Alikhan and Teresa S. Wright
Rahul Chavan and Adnan Mir
3.2 Eczematous dermatoses 66
1.6 Ultraviolet light 13
Ali Alikhan, Sara Hylwa, Teresa S. Wright
Rahul Chavan and Adnan Mir
and Noah Goldfarb
1.7 Immunology 13
3.3 Interface dermatitis 75
Rahul Chavan and Adnan Mir
Thomas Hocker, Teresa S. Wright and
1.7.1 Innate vs adaptive immunity 13 Phillip C. Hochwalt
Rahul Chavan and Adnan Mir 3.4 Blistering diseases 86
1.7.2 Immunologic mediators 17 Phillip C. Hochwalt and Thomas Hocker
Rahul Chavan and Adnan Mir 3.5 Connective tissue diseases (CTDs)
1.7.3 Complement pathways 17 and sclerosing dermopathies 98
Rahul Chavan and Adnan Mir Noah Goldfarb and Sara Hylwa
1.7.4 Cells of significance 21 3.6 Granulomatous/histiocytic disorders 126
Rahul Chavan and Adnan Mir Thomas Hocker, Melinda Jen and Phillip C. Hochwalt
1.7.5 Major histocompatibility complex 25 3.7 Monoclonal gammopathies of
Rahul Chavan and Adnan Mir dermatologic interest 139
Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker
2 Dermatopharmacology 27 3.8 Xanthomas 139
Edited by Thomas Hocker and Ali Alikhan Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker
2.1 Antihistamines 27 3.9 Urticaria and angioedema 142
Ali Alikhan Ali Alikhan and James Treat
2.2 Retinoids 28 3.10 Neutrophilic dermatoses 145
Juliana K. Choi Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker
2.3 Corticosteroids 31 3.11 Eosinophilic disorders 147
Ali Alikhan Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker
2.4 Immunomodulatory agents 33 3.12 Figurate erythemas 148
Danny Barlev and Ali Alikhan Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker
v
Contents
3.13 Follicular and eccrine/apocrine disorders 150 4.11 Neurocutaneous syndromes 255
Juliana K. Choi and James Treat Jennifer Huang
3.14 Drug reactions 158 4.12 Premature aging syndromes and
Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker DNA repair disorders 259
3.15 Photodermatoses and other physical Raegan Hunt
dermatoses 160 4.13 Primary immunodeficiency disorders
Ali Alikhan with cutaneous manifestations 262
3.16 Amyloidoses 168 Jennifer Huang
Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker 4.14 Disorders of cornification 265
3.17 Neurodermatology and psychodermatology 169 Brittany Craiglow
Leah Lalor and Ali Alikhan 4.15 Miscellaneous pediatric dermatologic
3.18 Palmoplantar keratodermas 172 disorders 273
Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker Yvonne E. Chiu, Teresa S. Wright and Melinda Jen
3.19 Nutritional disorders in dermatology 172
Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker 5 Infectious Diseases 279
3.20 Depositional and calcification disorders Edited by Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker
not discussed elsewhere 174 5.1 Viral diseases 279
Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker Ali Alikhan and Christine T. Lauren
3.21 Ulcers 174 5.2 HIV/AIDS dermatology 287
Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker Misha M. Mutizwa
3.22 Vasculitides, vasculopathies, and 5.3 Bacterial infections 288
other vascular disorders 174 Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker
Rebecca K. Jacobson, Heather Brandling-Bennett, 5.4 Fungal diseases 305
and Ali Alikhan
Anne L. Housholder and Christine T. Lauren
3.23 Panniculitides and lipodystrophies 189
5.5 Parasites and other creatures 312
Ali Alikhan and James Treat
Anne L. Housholder
3.24 Dermatoses of pregnancy 191
Ali Alikhan and Thomas Hocker
6 Neoplastic Dermatology 321
3.25 Hair, nail, and mucosal disorders 191
Edited by Monisha N. Dandekar and
Meena Singh and Ali Alikhan Rishi K. Gandhi
3.26 Pigmentary disorders 203 6.1 Keratinocytic neoplasms 321
Nada Elbuluk Monisha N. Dandekar and Rishi K. Gandhi
6.2 Cysts 325
Monisha N. Dandekar and Rishi K. Gandhi
6.3 Melanocytic neoplasms 326
4 Pediatric Dermatology 213
Monisha N. Dandekar and Rishi K. Gandhi
Edited by Kara N. Shah and Megha M. Tollefson
6.4 Adnexal neoplasms and hamartomas 332
4.1 Neonatal dermatology 213
Monisha N. Dandekar and Rishi K. Gandhi
Deborah S. Goddard and Erin Mathes
6.5 Hair follicle neoplasms/hamartomas 339
4.2 Viral exanthems and select infectious
disorders of childhood 222 Monisha N. Dandekar and Rishi K. Gandhi
Christine T. Lauren 6.6 Sebaceous proliferations 343
4.3 Inherited pigmentary disorders 225 Monisha N. Dandekar and Rishi K. Gandhi
Marcia Hogeling and Megha M. Tollefson 6.7 Neural neoplasms 344
4.4 Epidermolysis bullosa 230 Monisha N. Dandekar and Kristen E. Holland
Phuong Khuu 6.8 Smooth muscle neoplasms 346
4.5 Tumor syndromes 230 Monisha N. Dandekar and Rishi K. Gandhi
Kristen E. Holland 6.9 Hematolymphoid neoplasms 348
4.6 Vascular tumors, malformations, Monisha N. Dandekar and Rishi K. Gandhi
and related vascular disorders 234 6.10 Fibrohistiocytic neoplasms 351
Jane Bellet and Heather Brandling-Bennett Monisha N. Dandekar and Rishi K. Gandhi
4.7 Disorders of hair and nails 240 6.11 Vascular proliferations 356
Leslie Castelo-Soccio and Raegan Hunt Monisha N. Dandekar and Jane Bellet
4.8 Inherited metabolic and nutritional disorders 242 6.12 Neoplasms of adipocytic lineage 359
Victoria Barrio Monisha N. Dandekar and Rishi K. Gandhi
4.9 Inherited connective tissue disorders 247 6.13 Dermoscopy 361
Helen T. Shin Cooper Wriston
4.10 Autoinflammatory disorders (periodic fever
syndromes) 254 7 Dermatopathology 367
Kara N. Shah Edited by Rahul Chavan and John R. Griffin
vi
Contents
7.1 Essential concepts in dermatopathology 367
9 Cosmetic Dermatology 453
John R. Griffin, Rahul Chavan, and Monisha N. Dandekar
Edited by Raja K. Sivamani
7.2 High-yield dermatopathology diagnoses
at a glance 378 9.1 Lasers 453
Monisha N. Dandekar Jared Jagdeo
7.3 High-yield dermatopathology 9.2 Botulinum toxin 458
differential diagnoses 390 Raja K. Sivamani
John R. Griffin and Rahul Chavan 9.3 Dermal fillers 459
Raja K. Sivamani
8 Dermatologic Surgery 415 9.4 Liposuction and fat reduction 463
Edited by Daniel B. Eisen Raja K. Sivamani
8.1 Surgical anatomy 415 9.5 Sclerotherapy 463
Daniel B. Eisen Maria C. Kessides
8.2 Surgical instruments and needles 420 9.6 Cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals 465
Daniel B. Eisen Jacqueline Levin
8.3 Suture techniques 421 9.7 Hair transplantation 465
Daniel B. Eisen Raja K. Sivamani
8.4 Wound closure materials 422 9.8 Chemical peels 465
Daniel B. Eisen Chad Weaver
8.5 Local anesthetics and perioperative
pain control 424
Bryan T. Carroll 10 Cutaneous Manifestations of
8.6 Antisepsis – garbs and preps 429 Internal Disease and Metastases 469
Daniel B. Eisen Written and edited by Nada Elbuluk
8.7 Electrical hemostasis 429 10.1 Cardiovascular/cardiopulmonary 469
Victoria R. Sharon 10.2 Endocrine 475
8.8 Cryosurgery 432 10.3 Gastroenterology 478
Daniel B. Eisen 10.4 Neurology 482
8.9 Excisions 433 10.5 Renal 482
Rebecca Kleinerman and Daniel B. Eisen 10.6 Paraneoplastic syndromes 484
8.10 Mohs surgery 434
Faranak Kamangar and Thomas Hocker
8.11 Flaps 435 11 Epidemiology, Statistics, Study Design,
Thuzar M. Shin, Joseph F. Sobanko, and and Public Health Principles 491
Thomas Hocker Written and edited by Anne L. Housholder
8.12 Grafts 442 11.1 Statistical definitions 491
Jayne Joo 11.2 Epidemiologic principles 491
8.13 Surgical complications and measures 11.3 Types of studies and their limitations 492
to avoid them 444 11.4 Types of bias 493
Jayne Joo 11.5 Maintenance of certification for the
8.14 Scar improvement 446 American Board of Dermatology 493
Brett P. Blake and Ian A. Maher 11.6 Billing 493
8.15 Nail surgery 448
Faranak Kamangar and Daniel B. Eisen Index 495
vii
Preface
Purpose of this book truly learn dermatology exist – our favorites are Dermatology
(commonly referred to as Bolognia), Andrews’ Diseases of the
We envision this book serving as a comprehensive review for
Skin, Comprehensive Dermatologic Drug Therapy (commonly
dermatology residents and practicing dermatologists. We
referred to as Wolverton), The Requisites in Dermatology Series
hope that the book is used not only in the United States, but
(particularly dermatopathology and dermatologic surgery),
all over the world.
Practical Dermatopathology (commonly referred to as Rapini),
How the book should be used and Hurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology.
The book can be used in many ways:
Other information
• As a resource for practicing dermatologists
preparing for recertification examinations or Please remember that space was limited for this book, as it is
simply as a quick reference for all books – we had to make important choices to leave
• As a resource for dermatology residents preparing for certain information out of the book.
board examinations, in-service examinations, or simply We are extremely grateful to the authors and editors of the
as a quick reference (it could even be used throughout textbooks listed above, as well as those of McKee’s Pathology of
residency as a place to compile notes and facts learned the Skin and Weedon’s Skin Pathology, as nearly all of the figures
from reading textbooks and journal articles, much the came from these resources.
way First Aid© was used during medical school) Despite reading and re-reading this text many times, we
imagine that some errors may have snuck by (particularly as
How the book should NOT be used
this is our first edition). We encourage you to email us at
There is NO substitution for reading textbooks and journal [email protected] with any errors or sugges-
articles during residency. This book should serve as a review tions so we can correct these for our second edition. Please
or a syllabus of dermatology, but should not take the place also email us if you have ideas to improve the book or would
of textbooks and original literature. Many great resources to like to contribute to future editions.
viii