Reservoir Sedimentation

272 Pages·2014·25.014 MB·English

by  Anton J. Schleiss, Giovanni de Cesare, Mario J. Franca, Michael Pfister

River Flow 2014
Reservoir Sedimentati on
International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics
Despite the mechanisms of reservoir sedimentati on Schleiss
being well known for a long ti me, sustainable and pre- De Cesare
Franca
venti ve measures are rarely taken into considerati on in
Pfi ster
the design of new reservoirs. To avoid operati onal prob- Editors
lems of powerhouses, sedimentati on is oft en treated
for existi ng reservoirs with measures which are effi cient
only for a limited ti me.
R
The today’s challenge of dam owners and engineers is to e
guarantee with adequate miti gati on measures the future s
sustainable use of the vital reservoirs supplying water e
for drinking, food and energy producti on. Research and
r
development is sti ll urgently needed to identi fy effi cient v
miti gati on measures adapted to the main sedimentati on o
processes involved in reservoirs.
i
r
During the seventh Internati onal Conference on Fluvial
S
Hydraulics “River Flow 2014” at École Polytechnique
e
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, scienti sts
d
and professionals from all over the world addressed the
i
challenge of reservoir sedimentati on in a special session
m
and exchanged their knowledge and experiences. Invited
and selected contributi ons, which give an overview on e
the latest developments and research regarding reservoir
n
sedimentati on including case studies, are presented in
t
this book, in the hope that they can contribute to bett er
a
sustainable use of the vital reservoirs worldwide.
ti

o Anton J. Schleiss
n Giovanni De Cesare
Mário J. Franca
Michael Pfi ster
Editors
an informa business
RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION
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SPECIAL SESSION ON RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION OF THE SEVENTH
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FLUVIAL HYDRAULICS (RIVER FLOW 2014),
IAHR COMMITTEE ON FLUVIAL HYDRAULICS, EPFL LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND,
3–5 SEPTEMBER 2014
Reservoir Sedimentation
Editors
Anton J. Schleiss, Giovanni De Cesare, Mário J. Franca & Michael Pfister
Laboratoire de Constructions Hydrauliques (LCH)
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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Cover photo: Moiry Dam near Zinal (VS), Switzerland. Courtesy: Michael Pfister
CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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Published by: CRC Press/Balkema
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ISBN: 978-1-138-02675-9 (Hardback + CD-ROM)
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Reservoir Sedimentation – Schleiss et al. (Eds)
© 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02675-9
Table of contents
Preface vii
Organization ix
Sponsors xi
Reservoir sedimentation
Sustainable water supply, climate change and reservoir sedimentation management:
Technical and economic viability 3
G.W. Annandale
Three-dimensional numerical modeling of flow field in rectangular shallow reservoirs 11
T. Esmaeili, T. Sumi, S.A. Kantoush, A.J. Schleiss & S. Haun
Meandering jets in shallow rectangular reservoir 21
Y. Peltier, S. Erpicum, P. Archambeau, M. Pirotton & B. Dewals
Combination of 2D shallow water and full 3D numerical modeling for sediment
transport in reservoirs and basins 31
G. Wei, M. Grünzner & F. Semler
Photometric analysis of the effect of substrates and obstacles on unconfined
turbidity current flow propagation 37
J.M. McArthur, R.I. Wilson & H. Friedrich
Advances in numerical modeling of reservoir sedimentation 45
S. Kostic
Innovative in-situ measurements, analysis and modeling of sediment dynamics
in Chambon reservoir, France 53
M. Jodeau, M. Cazilhac, A. Poirel, P. Negrello, K. Pinte,
J.-P. Bouchard & C. Bertier
Measurements of spatial distribution of suspended sediment concentrations
in a hydropower reservoir 63
S. Haun & L. Lizano
Case studies of reservoir sedimentation as a consequence of soil erosion 71
V. Hrissanthou
The impact of flow transformations and reservoir floor topography on reservoir
deposition patterns in high energy environments 81
F. Weirich
Reservoir sedimentation and erosion processes in a snow-influenced basin
in Southern Spain 91
A. Millares, M.J. Polo, A. Moñino, J. Herrero & M.A. Losada
Suspended sediment dynamics of Ribarroja Reservoir (Ebro River, Spain) 99
M. Arbat-Bofill, E. Bladé, M. Sánchez-Juny, D. Niñerola & J. Dolz
v
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The use of Flow Assisted Sediment Transport (FAST) to remove sediment
from reservoirs in Southern California, USA 109
F. Weirich
Two approaches to forecasting of sedimentation in the Stare Miasto reservoir, Poland 119
T. Dysarz, J. Wicher-Dysarz & M. Sojka
Influence of geometry shape factor on trapping and flushing efficiencies 129
S.A. Kantoush & A.J. Schleiss
Flushing of coarse and graded sediments—a case study using reduced scale model 139
J.R.M. Almeida, J.J. Ota, F.R. Terabe & I.I. Muller
1D modelling of fine sediments dynamics in a dam reservoir during a flushing event 147
L. Guertault, B. Camenen, A. Paquier & C. Peteuil
Numerical analysis of sediment transport processes during a flushing event
of an Alpine reservoir 155
G. Harb, C. Dorfmann, J. Schneider & H. Badura
Modelling suspended sediment wave dynamics of reservoir flushing 163
T.H. Tarekegn, M. Toffolon, M. Righetti & A. Siviglia
Numerical modeling of suspended sediment transport during dam flushing:
From reservoir dynamic to downstream propagation 175
G. Antoine, A.-L. Besnier, M. Jodeau, B. Camenen & M. Esteves
St-Egrève reservoir—modelling of flushing and evolution of the channel bed 185
E. Valette, P. Tassi, M. Jodeau & C. Villaret
Sequential flushing of Verbois and Chancy-Pougny reservoirs (Geneva, Switzerland) 195
E.F.R. Bollaert, S. Diouf, J.-L. Zanasco & J. Barras
Simulation of the flushing into the dam-reservoir Paute-Cardenillo 203
L.G. Castillo, J.M. Carrillo & M.A. Álvarez
Comprehensive numerical simulations of sediment transport and flushing
of a Peruvian reservoir 211
A. Amini, P. Heller, G. De Cesare & A.J. Schleiss
Sediment bypass tunnels to mitigate reservoir sedimentation and restore
sediment continuity 221
R.M. Boes, C. Auel, M. Hagmann & I. Albayrak
Modeling long term alternatives for sustainable sediment management using
operational sediment transport rules 229
S.A. Gibson & P. Boyd
Global analysis of the sedimentation volume on Portuguese reservoirs 237
F. Taveira-Pinto, L. Lameiro, A. Moreira, E. Carvalho & N. Figueiredo
Reservoir sedimentation management at Gebidem Dam (Switzerland) 245
T. Meile, N.-V. Bretz, B. Imboden & J.-L. Boillat
Keyword index 257
Author index 259
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Reservoir Sedimentation – Schleiss et al. (Eds)
© 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02675-9
Preface
Despite the mechanisms of reservoir sedimentation being well known for a long time, sus-
tainable and preventive measures are rarely taken into consideration in the design of new
reservoirs. To avoid operational problems of powerhouses, sedimentation is often treated
for existing reservoirs with measures which are efficient only for a limited time. Since most
of the measures will lose their effect, the sustainable operation of the reservoir and thus the
water supply, as well as production of valuable peak energy is endangered. Today’s world-
wide yearly mean loss of reservoir storage capacity due to sedimentation is already higher
than the increase of capacity by the addition of new reservoirs for irrigation, drinking water,
and hydropower. Depending on the region, it is commonly accepted that about 1–2% of the
worldwide capacity is lost annually. In Asia, for example, 80% of the useful storage capacity
for hydropower production will be lost by 2035. The main sedimentation process in narrow
and long reservoirs is the formation of turbidity currents, transporting fine sediments near to
the dam every flood season, increasing sediment levels up to 1 m per year. The outlet devices
including intakes and bottom outlets are often affected after only 40 to 50 years of operation,
even in catchments with moderate surface erosion rates. The effects of climate change will
considerably increase the sediment yield of reservoirs in the future, mainly in Alpine regions
due to glacier retreat and melting of permafrost grounds.
The today’s challenge of dam owners and engineers is to guarantee with adequate mitiga-
tion measures, the future sustainable use of the vital reservoirs supplying water for drinking,
food and energy production. Research and development is still urgently needed to iden-
tify efficient mitigation measures adapted to the main sedimentation processes involved in
reservoirs.
During the Seventh International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics “River Flow 2014” at
cole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, scientists and professionals
from all over the world addressed the challenge of reservoir sedimentation in a special ses-
sion and exchanged their knowledge and experiences. The conference was organized under
the auspices of the Committee on Fluvial Hydraulics of the International Association for
Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR). Invited and selected contributions,
which give an overview on the latest developments and research regarding reservoir sedimen-
tation including case studies, are presented in this book, hoping that they can contribute to
better sustainable use of the vital reservoirs worldwide. We acknowledge the support of the
Swiss Federal Office for the Environment, BG Consulting Engineers, and Hydro Exploita-
tion SA as main sponsors for the Proceedings and the River Flow 2014 Conference. Further
sponsoring was obtained from e-dric.ch, IM & IUB Engineering, Basler & Hofmann, Aqua-
Vision Engineering and Met-Flow SA.
The Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions (LCH) of EPFL carried out the organization
of the special session on reservoir sedimentation in the frame of River Flow 2014.
Prof. Dr. Anton J. Schleiss, Conference Chairman
Dr. Giovanni De Cesare, Co-Chairman
Dr. Mário J. Franca, Co-Chairman
Dr. Michael Pfister, Co-Chairman
vii
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Reservoir Sedimentation – Schleiss et al. (Eds)
© 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02675-9
Organization
MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Walter H. Graf, Switzerland (Honorary Chair)
Jorge D. Abad, USA Danxun Li, China
Jochen Aberle, Norway Juan-Pedro Martín-Vide, Spain
Claudia Adduce, Italy Bijoy S. Mazumder, India
Mustafa Altınakar, USA Bruce W. Melville, New Zealand
Christophe Ancey, Switzerland Emmanuel Mignot, France
William K. Annable, Canada Rafael Murillo, Costa Rica
Aronne Armanini, Italy Heidi Nepf, USA
Francesco Ballio, Italy A. Salehi Neyshabouri, Iran
Roger Bettess, UK Vladimir Nikora, UK
Koen Blanckaert, China Helena I.S. Nogueira, Portugal
Robert Michael Boes, Switzerland Nils Reidar Olsen, Norway
Didier Bousmar, Belgium André Paquier, France
Benoît Camenen, France Piotr Parasiewicz, USA
António Heleno Cardoso, Portugal Michel Pirotton, Belgium
Hubert Chanson, Australia Dubravka Pokrajac, UK
Qiuwen Chen, China Sebastien Proust, France
Yee-Meng Chiew, Singapore Wolfgang Rodi, Germany
George S. Constantinescu, USA Jose Rodriguez, Australia
Ana Maria da Silva, Canada Pawel M. Rowinski, Poland
Andreas Dittrich, Germany André Roy, Canada
Rui M.L. Ferreira, Portugal Koji Shiono, UK
Massimo Greco, Italy Graeme M. Smart, New Zealand
Willi H. Hager, Switzerland Sandra Soares-Frazão, Belgium
Hendrik Havinga, The Netherlands Thorsten Stoesser, UK
Hans-B. Horlacher, Germany Mutlu Sumer, Denmark
David Hurther, France Simon Tait, UK
Martin Jäggi, Switzerland Aldo Tamburrino, Chile
Juha Järvelä, Finland Wim S.J. Uijttewaal, The Netherlands
Sameh Kantoush, Egypt Zhaoyin Wang, China
Katinka Koll, Germany Volker Weitbrecht, Switzerland
Bommanna G. Krishnappan, Canada Silke Wieprecht, Germany
Stuart Lane, Switzerland Farhad Yazdandoost, Iran
João G.A.B. Leal, Norway Yves Zech, Belgium
Angelo Leopardi, Italy
ix
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