Table Of ContentRemaining Issues in the Decommissioning of
Nuclear Powered Vessels
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Series IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences - Vol. 22
Remaining Issues in the
Decommissioning of Nuclear
Powered Vessels
Including Issues Related to the
Environmental Remediation of the
Supporting Infrastructure
edited by
A.A. Sarkisov
Nuclear Safety Instituie,
Aussian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russia
and
L.G. LeSage
Engineering Research,
Argonne National Laboratory,
Argonne, Il, U.SA
~.
"Spring er-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Scientific Problems and Unresolved Issues Remaining in the Decommissioning of
Nuclear Powered Vessels and in the Environmental Remediation of their Supporting
Infrastructure,
Moscow, Russia
April 22-24, 2002
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4020-1354-6 ISBN 978-94-010-0209-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0209-7
Printed an acid-free paper
AH Rights Reserved
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
farm or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or
otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any
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ter system, for exclusive use by the pUfchaser of the work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE................................................ .. Xl
OPENING ADDRESS
Opening Address
Vice Admiral M Barskov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
OVERVIEW AND STATUS OF ISSUES RELATED TO NUCLEAR
VESSEL DECOMMISSIONING AND UTILIZATION
Utilization ofRussian Nuclear Submarines: Contents ofthe Problem, Review
of the Actual Status, Analysis of the Related Risks and International
Cooperation
Academician Ashot A. Sarkisov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Overview of the Status and Issues Related to the Decommissioning of
Nuclear Vessels in Russia
V Akhunov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Overview of Status and Issues Related to the Decommissioning ofNuclear
Vessels in France
A. Tournyol du Clos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Inactivation and Recycling of Nuclear Vessels in the USA: Overview and
Status
Rear Admiral Malcolm MacKinnon III (Ret.) . . 39
Perspective on Risks Associated with Nuclear Vessels
Povl L. 0/gaard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
On Risk in Decommissioning ofNuclear Submarines (NS)
0. Kovalevich, V Nikitin, V Shempelev, and A. Shulgin 49
Decommissioning and Dismantling ofFrenchNuclear Submarines: Industrial
Issues
Bernard Robin and Amaury de Buzonniere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
VI
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN NUCLEAR VESSEL
DECOMMISSIONING AND UTILIZATION
Bilateral Cooperation Related to the Decommissioning of Nuclear Vessels
Between the USA and the Russian Federation - Status and Issues
Commander Mark A. Baker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Military Environmental Cooperation on Radioactive and Non-Radioactive
Waste in Russia's Northwest and Far East
Dieter Rudolph, Ingjerd Kroken, and Eduard Latyshev 73
Non-Proliferation and Other Security-Related Issues Associated with the
Dismantling ofNuclear Vessels in North-West Russia
0. Reistad and A. Soerlie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Experience of International Cooperation and Unresolved Issues ofUtilizing
Nuclear Submarines and Nuclear Maintenance Support Vessels in the Far
East Region ofRussia
Yury Shulgan 91
International Co-operation For Nuclear Submarine Disposal: Current Results
and Future Prospects
N. Kalistratov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
RADIOECOLOGY, RADIATION, AND SAFETY ISSUES
System Analysis of Environmental Risks: Basic Problems and Methods of
Solution
L. Boishov and R. Aroutiounian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Analysis of the Radiation Potential of the Decommissioned Nuclear
Submarines and Reactor Units
V. Barinov, S. Bogatov, V. Danilyan, R. Kalinin, and P. Shvedov 113
Improving Nuclear and Radiation Safety During the Process of Russian
Nuclear Submarine Utilization
A. Kiriushin, E. Aksenov, V. Vavilkin, and N. Sandler 125
vii
Analysis of the Radiation Risks for the Population at Different Stages of
Nuclear Submarine Utilization
Alexander Bleicher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Radiation Burden in Regions Resulting from Nuclear Submarine Handling
after Decommissioning and the Existing Uncertainties in their Estimation
B. Pologikh 143
Automated Radiological Monitoring at a Russian Ministry ofDefense Naval Site
P. D. Moskowitz, J Pomerville, S. Gavrilov, V Kisselev, V Dani/yan,
A. Belikov, A. Egorkin, Y Sokolovski, M Endregard, M Krosshavn
C. V Sundling, and H Yokstad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Analysis ofthe Radioecological Situation Within Bays ofNuclear Submarine
and Floating Reactor Compartment Storage
V Dani/yan, V Vysotsky, A. Borissov and D. Salko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
The Forecast ofthe Possible Radioecological Consequences and Risk and Damage
to the Health of Critical Groups of the Population from Sunken Nuclear
Submarines and Other Radiation-Dangerous Objects on the Bottom of the
Ocean
Igor Lisovsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Radiation Impact on the Environment when Handling Fuel ofDispositioned
Nuclear Submarines at GMP "Zvezdochka"
y. Simanovskiy, G. Zembi/gotov, V Safutin, N Tikhonov, A. Tokarenko,
M Ignatiev, and G. Nikishin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Methodological Aspects of Assessing the Radioecological Situation at
Contamined Territories Adjacent to Russian Naval Bases to Perform their
Subsequent Rehabilitation
V Zhernovoy, S. Natkha, and A. Pusikov 199
viii
Radiological Monitoring of Defuelling of Damaged Spent Fuel from
Storage Facilities of Floating Shops
V Vysotsky, N Pokidyuk, D. Salko, A. Maximov, A. Borissov, V Bulygin,
Yu Sderzhikov, E. Stepanov, V. Danilyan, G. Nezhdanov, A. Luk'yanets,
N Rubtsov, V. Ivanov andA. Godnev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Issues of Novaya Zemlia Bay Rehabilitation Due to the Dumping of
Radiation-Dangerous Facilities
Y Sivintsev 233
Ensuring Safety of Nuclear Submarines Stored Afloat After
Decommissioning
S. Petrov 241
Possibilities of Using a Multifunctional System of Sanogenetic Monitoring
to Perform a Physiological and Hygienic Survey of Different Work-Status
Personnel at Nuclear Shipbuilding Enterprises
V Dovgusha, L. Ivanina and S. Saenko 247
SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL ISSUES
Actual Status and Problems of Spent Nuclear Fuel Management at Coastal
Facilities of the Northwest Region and the Far East Region of Russia
A. Pimenov, V Mazokin, and N Gontsariuk 257
Transport and Technological Flowsheets for Management of Spent Nuclear
Fuel from Nuclear Submarines under Utilization in the Northwest Region and
the Far East Region of Russia: Problems and Solutions
V Shishkin, V Masokin, N Gontsariuk, and A. Pimenov 261
Storing and Shipping of Spent Nuclear Fuel from Ships: New Engineering
Solutions and Probable Radiation Effects of an Accident
M Rylov, S. Kamynov, N Anisimov, M Barskov, P. Smimov, M Bugreyev,
D. Pankratov, G. Toshinsky, and S. Gavrilov 267
Options for the Handling and Storage ofNuclear Vessel Spent Fuel
0. Keener Earle 285
IX
Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste in the
Decommissioning of French Nuclear Submarines
Jacques Chenais 297
Assessment of the Probability of Initiating a Spontaneous Chain Reaction
Within Metallic-Concrete Transportation Casks: Case ofTemporary Storage
of Vessel Spent Nuclear Fuel of the Russian Navy
R. Bakin, E. Mitenkova, N NovikovandA. Shikin ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT
Radiation-Equivalent Approach to Radioactive Waste Management
E. Adamov, 1 Ganev, A. Lopatkin, and V. Orlov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Nuclear Vessel Utilization: Basic Pathways for Realizing Engineering
Solutions of the Conceptual LRW and SRW Management Flowsheet in the
Northwest Region of Russia
V. Safutin, A. Kirsanov, A. Shvedov, V. Sorokin, A. Demin, and
L. Zviagina 319
Ways of Minimizing Amounts of Radioactive Wastes Created During
Nuclear Submarine Utilization
Y J. Mescheriakov, N M Sorokin, and S. A. Matveev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
SUBMARINES WITH LIQUID METAL COOLANT
Problems of Long Term and Safe Storage of Unloaded and Non-Unloaded
Spent Nuclear Fuel for Nuclear Submarines with Liquid-Metal Coolant
D. Pankratov, V. Andreyanov, M Bugrevev, A. Dedoul, Yeo Efimov,
B. Komlev, L. Ryabaya, V. Sazonov, B. Sivak, G. Toshinsky, and
V. Chitaykin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
x
Current Problems of Utilization of Nuclear Submarines with Liquid-Metal
Coolant
V. Sazonov, M Bugreyev, A. Dedoul, A. Zabud'ko, D. Pankratov,
G. Toshinsky, V. Chitaykin, V. Stepanov, M Vahrushin, and
S. Verhovodko 349
Step-by-Step Solution to the Project on Long-Term Storage of Spent Fuel
from Nuclear Submarines with Heavy Liquid Metal Cooled Reactors
Mikhail Bugreev, Boris Gromov, Evgneni Efimov, Sviatoslav Ignatiev,
Dmitry Pankratov, Valery Sazonov, and Alexey Zabud'ko . . 357
SPECIAL TOPICS IN NUCLEAR SUBMARINE
DECOMMISSIONING AND UTILIZATION
Substantiation ofthe Necessity to Construct Centers for Long-Term Reactor
Compartment Storage and Principal Technical Solutions on Environmentally
Safe Storage of Reactor Units of Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines
V. Mazokin and M Netecha 367
Specific Features of the NS "Kursk" Utilization
V. Nikitin 373
Development of Computer Models and Informational Support Systems for
Utilization ofDecommissioned Nuclear Submarines
S. Bogatov, V. Vysotsky, V. Danilyan, R. Kalinin, V. Kisselev, D. Tokarchuk,
A. Sarkissov, and P. Shvedov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Toward a System Dynamical Model of Russian Nuclear Submarine
Dismantlement Barriers
Charles D. Ferguson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Creating Adequate Public Opinion in Russian Regions as a Top-Priority Task
ofNuclear Submarine Utilization and Radioactive Waste Management
R. Kalinin and B. Papkovskiy . . . . . . . . . 403
