Recommendations on excavations : EAB

325 Pages·2014·2.491 MB·English

by  Alan Johnson

Recommendations
on Excavations
EAB

Recommendations
on Excavations
EAB
3rdEdition
Translationofthe5thGermanEdition
Publishedby
theGermanGeotechnicalSociety
(DeutscheGesellschaftfürGeotechnike.V.,DGGT)
AK2.4“Excavations”WorkingGroupofthe
DeutscheGesellschaftfürGeotechnike.V.(GermanGeotechnicalSociety)
Chairman:Univ.-Prof.Dr.-Ing.habil.AchimHettler
GeotechnicalEngineeringChair
TechnicalUniversityofDortmund
August-Schmidt-Straße8
44227Dortmund
Germany
TranslatedbyGeotr@ns,AlanJohnson
Cover:ExcavationoftheDesyXFELInjectorcomplex
executedbyZüblinSpezieltiefbauGmbH(2009–2010).
Source:ZüblinSpezieltiefbauGmbH,Foto:Meyerfoto
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Members of the Working Group for Excavations
At the time of publication of these Recommendations the Working Group for
Excavationsconsistedofthefollowingmembers:
Univ.-Prof.Dr.-Ing.habil.A.Hettler,Dortmund(Chairman)
Dipl.-Ing.U.Barth,Mannheim
Prof.Dr.-Ing.K.-M.Borchert,Berlin
Dipl.-Ing.Th.Brand,Berlin
Dipl.-Ing.P.Gollub,Essen
Dipl.-Ing.W.Hackenbroch,Duisburg
Dipl.-Ing.R.Haussmann,Schrobenhausen
Dr.-Ing.M.Herten,Karlsruhe
Dipl.-Ing.H.-U.Kalle,Hagen
Univ.-Prof.(em.)Dr.-Ing.H.G.Kempfert,Hamburg
Dr.-Ing.St.Kinzler,Hamburg
Dr.-Ing.F.Könemann,Dortmund
Univ.-Prof.Dr.-Ing.habil.Ch.Moormann,Stuttgart
Dipl.-Ing.Ch.Sänger,Stuttgart
Dipl.-Ing.W.Vogel,Munich
FurthermembersoftheWorkingGroupwere:
o.Prof.em.Dr.-Ing.H.Breth,Darmstadt
Dipl.-Ing.R.Briske(†),Horrem
Dipl.-Ing.H.Bülow,Berlin
Dipl.-Ing.G.Ehl,Essen
Dipl.-Ing.E.Erler(†),Essen
Dipl.-Ing.I.Feddersen,Karlsruhe
Dipl.-Ing.H.Friesecke,Hamburg
Dipl.-Ing.F.Gantke,Dortmund
Dipl.-Ing.E.Hanke,Eckental
Dipl.-Ing.Th.Jahnke(†),Cologne
o.Prof.Dr.-Ing.H.L.Jessberger(†),Bochum
Dipl.-Ing.K.Kast(†),Munich
Dr.-Ing.H.Krimmer,Frankfurt
o.Prof.em.Dr.-Ing.E.h.E.Lackner(†),Bremen
Dr.-Ing.K.Langhagen,Dietzenbach
Dipl.-Ing.K.Martinek,Munich
Dipl.-Ing.H.Ch.Müller-Haude(†),Frankfurt/Main
o.Prof.Dr.-Ing.H.Nendza(†),Essen
Prof.Dr.-Ing.E.h.M.Nußbaumer,Stuttgart
Dipl.-Ing.E.Pirlet(†),Cologne
Dr.-Ing.H.Schmidt-Schleicher,Bochum
Prof.Dr.-Ing.H.Schulz,Karlsruhe
Dipl.-Ing.E.Schultz,BadVilbel
o.Prof.Dr.-Ing.H.Simons(†),Braunschweig
Dipl.-Ing.H.H.Sonder,Berlin
Dr.-Ing.J.Spang(†),Munich
Dr.-Ing.D.Stroh,Essen
Prof.Dr.-Ing.K.R.Ulrichs(†),Essen
Dipl.-Ing.U.Timm,Mannheim
Univ.-Prof.Dr.-Ing.B.Walz(†),Wuppertal
Dipl.-Ing.K.Wedekind,Stuttgart
Prof.Dipl.-Ing.H.Wind(†),Frankfurt/Main
Univ.-Prof.Dr.-Ing.habil.Dr.-Ing.E.h.A.Weißenbach,Norderstedt
(Chairmanuntil2006)
VI
Preface
Inresponsetoarecognisablyoverwhelmingrequirement,theDeutscheGesell-
schaft für Erd- und Grundbau e.V. (German Society for Geotechnical and
Ground Engineering) – now the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geotechnik (Ger-
man Geotechnical Society) – called the Working Group for Tunnel Engineer-
ing into life in 1965 and awarded chairmanship to the highly respected and
now sadly missed Prof. J.Schmidbauer. The wide-ranging tasks of the Work-
ing Group weredivided into three subgroups“General”,“Open CutMethods”
and “Trenchless Technology”. The “Open Cut Methods” Working Group,
under the chairmanship of Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Anton Weißen-
bach, at first busied itself only with the urgent questions of analysis, design
and construction of excavation enclosures. The German Society for Geotech-
nical and Ground Engineering published the preliminary results of the Work-
ing Group as the “Recommendations for Calculation of Braced or Anchored
Soldier Pile Walls with Free Earth Support for Excavation Structures, March
1968Draft”.
Duringthecourseofworkinvolvingquestionsconcerningtheanalysis,design
andconstructionofexcavationenclosures,itwasrecognisedthatthesematters
weresocomprehensivethattheDeutscheGesellschaftfürErd-undGrundbau
e.V. decided to remove this area from the “Tunnel Engineering” Working
Group and transfer it to a separate Working Group, that of “Excavations”; the
personnel involved were almost completely identical with those of the previ-
ous “Open Cut Methods” Group. The new Working Group’s first publication,
with the title “Recommendations of the Working Group for Excavations”, ap-
peared in the journal “Die Bautechnik” (Construction Technology) in 1970. It
was based on a thorough revision, restructuring and enhancement of the pro-
posals published in 1968 and consisted of 24 numbered Recommendations,
primarilydealingwiththebasicprinciplesoftheanalysisofexcavationenclo-
sures, soldier pile walls, sheet pile and in-situ concrete walls for excavations,
andwiththeinfluenceofbuildingslocatedadjacenttoexcavations.
Intheyearsfollowingthis,theWorkingGroupforExcavationspublishednew
andrevisedRecommendationsattwo-yearintervals.Asastagewasreachedat
whichnofurtherrevisionswereenvisaged,theDeutscheGesellschaftfürErd-
und Grundbau e.V. decided to summarise the 57 Recommendations strewn
throughout the “Die Bautechnik” journal, Volumes 1970, 1972, 1974, 1976,
1978and1980,andtopresentthemtotheprofessioninasinglevolume.
In the 2nd edition, published in 1988, the Recommendations were partly re-
visedand,inaddition,supplementedbyninefurtherRecommendationsdealing
with “Excavations in Water”, published in draft form in the 1984 volume of
Bautechnik, and by two further Recommendations for “Pressure Diagrams for
Braced Retaining Walls”, published in Bautechnik in 1987. Four further Rec-
ommendations resulted from partial restructuring and endeavours to make the
Recommendations more clearly understandable. The revisions and supple-
mentsaredescribedinanarticleinthe1989volumeofBautechnik.
Inthe3rdedition,publishedin1994,anumberoftheRecommendationswere
revised and three new Recommendations on “Excavations with Special
Ground Plans” added. The revisions to the existing Recommendations are de-
scribed in the 1995 volume of Bautechnik. In the same issue, the three new
Recommendationswerealsopresentedtotheprofessionalpublicindraftform.
Inaddition,the3rdeditionincludesanappendix,containingtheprincipalfrom
building control standard regulations, where they are relevant to stability ana-
lysis.
At the same time that the 3rd edition of the EAB was being compiled, the
WorkingGroupforExcavationswasdeeplyoccupiedwiththeimplementation
ofthenewpartialsafetyfactorapproachingeotechnicalandgroundengineer-
ing. This was because, on the one hand, several members of the Working
Group for Excavations were also represented in the “Safety in Geotechnical
andGroundEngineering”Committee,whichwascompilingDINV1054-100.
On the other hand, it became increasingly obvious that excavation structures
wereaffectedbythenewregulationstoafargreaterdegreethanotherground
engineeringstructures.InparticularthespecificationinthenewdraftEuropean
regulationsEN1997-1–applyingpartialsafetyfactorstotheshearstrengthon
theonehandandtotheactionsontheother–wasunacceptable.Comparedto
previously tried and tested practice it led to results that, in places, suggested
considerably greaterdimensions, but also to resultsthatwere notconservative
enough. In contrast to this stood the draft DIN 1054 counter-model, in which
the partial safety factors identified using the classical shear strength method
wereappliedinthesamemannertotheexternalactions,earthpressureandsoil
resistances.InEAB-100,publishedin1996atthesametimeastheENV1997-1
andDIN1054-100,thepracticalapplicationsofbothconceptswereintroduced
and the differences illuminated. This was intended to make the decision in
favour of the German proposals, which was still open, more straightforward
fortheprofession.
Two important decisions were subsequently made: on the one hand,
EN1997-1 was published in a format that included the proposals of the new
DIN1054asoneofthreeallowablealternatives.OntheotherhandDIN1054-
100 was modified such that the originally envisaged superpositioning of earth
pressure and passive earth pressure design values was no longer permissible,
because this route could not be reconciled with the principle of strict separa-
tion of actions and resistances. In addition, one now has characteristic action
effectsandcharacteristicdeformationswhenadoptingcharacteristicactionsfor
VIII