Table Of ContentRecognition in Microbe-Plant
Symbiotic and Pathogenic Interactions
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science
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C Mathematical and D. Reidel Publishing Company
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H Cell Biology
Series H: Cell Biology Vol. 4
Recognition in Microbe-Plant
Symbiotic and Pathogenic
Interactions
Edited by
Ben Lugtenberg
Department of Plant Molecular Biology
University of Leiden
Leiden, The Netherlands
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Divison
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Recognition in Microbe
Plant Symbiotic and Pathogenic Systems held at Biddinghuizen, The Netherlands,
May 11-16, 1986
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-71654-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-71652-2
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-71652-2
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schaft Wort", Munich.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1986
2131/3140-543210
PREFACE
This volume comprises the lectures of the speakers at the
NATO Advanced Research Workshop held at the Congress Centre
The Flevohof at Biddinghuizen, The Netherlands, May 11-16, 1986.
The purpose of the workshop was to bring together experts in
symbiosis, plant pathology and plant molecular biology in order
to discuss recent progress in the field of microbe -plant re
cognition at the molecular level, to promote integration of
various disciplines, and to define recommendations for future
research and applications.
Plants have developed a variety of sophisticated defence
mechanisms to cope with an environment in which many different
microbes live. Most microbes which colonize plant tissues are
harmless. Some microbes have developed ways to attack plants
successfully, resulting in enormous losses of crop yields. Other
microbes have reached an agreement with the host plant which is
beneficial for both: these microbes live in symbiosis with the
plant and provide their host plant for example with substantial
amounts of atmospheric nitrogen. Chemical protection of crops
is a necessity in modern crop management but this treatment has
some negative effects as well. Therefore scientists are looking
for alternative, biological, ways to control crop pests.
Against this background specialists from eleven countries
discussed the results of their most recent work on the molecular
background of microbe - plant interactions. It appeared that, in
order to capitalize the recent rapid progress made in the mole
cular genetical studies on Rhizobium-legume and pathogen-host
plant interactions, a multidisciplinary approach is required.
Plant molecular biologists, phytopathologists, molecular micro
biologists, plant physiologists, soil biologists and agronomists
should collaborate closely and define recommendations for future
research on the molecular basis of microbe - plant interactions.
The ultimate goal is application of this knowledge for the bene
fit of mankind.
VI
The atmosphere of the workshop was excellent. Several lec
tures and discussions resulted in new collaborations and opened
links to other disciplines. The scientific success of the work
shop was to a major extent the result of the excellent, critical
and friendly advice of my colleagues Prof. Peter Albersheim,
Prof. Klaus Hahlbrock and Prof. Robbert Schilperoort, to whom I
am most grateful. Essentially all speakers and discussion leaders
contributed their manuscripts in time. I thank all participants
for a week of excellent science.
The meeting would not have been possible without the help
of many people, most of whom I will not mention here. I want to
express my admiration for Sonja Chang, who spent many hours at
the organization of the workshop. I am also in debt to her for
her careful and efficient handling of the manuscripts and for
improving and preparing many of the excellent typescripts from
which this book was produced. The selfless handling of logistic
and financial aspects of the meeting by my colleagues Dr. Anton
van Brussel and Dr. Robert Okker was warmly appreciated.
The financing of the workshop was helped greatly by contri
butions of several bodies, especially the Adviescommissie IOP-b,
Gist-brocades, Mogen International B.V., Multiplant B.V. and
Shell International Petroleum Company Limited, who paid part of
the expenses of several participants. The Scientific Affairs Di
vision of NATO was our major sponsor. On behalf of all partici
pants I thank them for the very generous grant which enabled us
to finance the scientific meeting. The contacts with and valuable
advice from Dr. Truels Truelsen and Dr. Mario di Lullo was greatly
appreciated. It was sad to learn that Dr. di Lullo died recently.
We hope that this volume will prove to be useful in sharpen
ing our perspective of how microorganisms and plants communicate
at the molecular level.
B. Lugtenberg
Leiden, September 1986
CONTENTS
I. RECOGNITION IN NODULATION BY RHIZOBIUM
Genetic analysis of Rhizobium-plant interactions ............. l
Sharon R. Long, N. Kent Peters, John T. Mulligan,
Mark E. Dudley and Robert F. Fisher
Respective roles of common and specific Rhizobium meliloti
nod genes in the control of lucerne infection ............... 17
F. Debelle, S.B. Sharma, C. Rosenberg, J. Vasse,
F. Maillet, G. Truchet and J. Denarie
Infection mutants of Rhizobium meliloti are altered in
acidic exopolysaccharide production ......................... 29
A. Puhler, M.F. Hynes, D. Kapp, P. Muller
and K. Niehaus
Intercellular communication and recognition in the
Rhizobium-legume symbiosis .................................. 39
B.G. Rolfe, J.W. Redmond, M. Batley, H. Chen,
S.P. Djordjevic, R.W. Ridge, B.J. Bassam,
C.L. Sargent, F.B. Dazzo and M.A. Djordjevic
Promoters and operon structure of the nodulation region
of the Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiosis plasmid pRLlJI ..... 55
Herman P. Spaink, Robert J.H. Okker, Carel A. Wijffelman,
Elly Pees and Ben Lugtenberg
Manipulation of nodulation specificity in the pea-Rhizobium
leguminosarum symbiosis ..................................... 69
S.L.A. Hobbs, C.M.O. DeLong, S. Denes and V.N. Iyer
Bradyrhizobium japonicum genes involved in soybean
root-nodule development ..................................... 79
Joseph W. Lamb, Brigitte Regensburger, Hans-Martin Fisher,
Michael Gottfert, Linda Meyer, Sabine Ebeling, Daniel
Studer, Matthias Hahn and Hauke Hennecke
VIII
Nodulation of soybean: Bradyrhizobium japonicum physiology
and genetics ................................................ 87
Gary Stacey, Larry J. Halverson, Tony Nieuwkoop,
Zsofia Banfalvi, Maria G. Schell, David Gerhold,
Nirupama Deshmane, Jae Seong So and Karl M. Sirotkin
Attachment of Rhizobium leguminosarum to pea root hair
tips ....................................................... 101
J.W. Kijne, G. Smit, C.L. Diaz and B.J.J. Lugtenberg
Specificity of Rhizobium(Galega) - Galega-interaction ...... 113
Paivi Lipsanen and Kristina Lindstrom
Flavones induce expression of the nodulation genes
in Rhizobium ............................................... 115
John W. Redmond, Michael Batley, Roger W. Innes,
Peter L. Kuempel, Michael A. Djordjevic and
Barry G. Rolfe
Induction of Rhizobium nod genes by flavonoids: differential
adaptation of promoter, nodD gene and inducers for various
cross-inoculation groups ................................... 123
Carel Wijffelman, Bas Zaat, Herman Spaink,
Ine Mulders, Ton van Brussel, Rob Okker, Elly Pees,
Ruud de Maagd and Ben Lugtenberg
Induction of Rhizobium leguminosarum nod genes by
flavonoids is antagonized by other plant-specified
aromatic compounds ......................................... 137
J.L. Firmin, K.E. Wilson, L. Rossen and
A.W.B. Johnston
Fractionation of Rhizobium leguminosarum cells into outer
membrane, cytoplasmic membrane, periplasmic and cytoplasmic
components ................................................. 149
Ruud A. de Maagd, Carel A. Wijffelman
and Ben Lugtenberg
IX
A study of surface interactions between Rhizobium bacteroids
and the peribacteroid membrane using monoclonal
antibodies ................................................. 153
N.J. Brewin, D.J. Bradley, E.A. Wood, G. Galfre
and G.W. Butcher
Nodulins involved in early stages of pea root nodule
development ................................................ 163
Ton Bisseling, Henk Franssen, Ton Gloudemans,
Francine Govers, Marja Moerman, Jan-Peter Nap
and Albert van Kammen
II. RECOGNITION IN PATHOGEN - PLANT INTERACTION
Pathogenic strategies of fungi ............................. 171
N.T. Keen
The molecular basis of the Agrobacterium-plant interaction
- Characteristics of Agrobacterium virulence genes and
their possible occurrence in other plant-associated
bacteria - ................................................ 189
Paul J.J. Hooykaas and Rob A. Schilperoort
T-region transfer from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plant
cells: functional characterization of border repeats ....... 203
Mark J.J. van Haaren, Jack T. Pronk,
Rob A. Schilperoort and Paul J.J. Hooykaas
Cloning of DNA sequences from Azospirillum brasilense,
homologous to Rhizobium nod genes and Agrobacterium
vir genes .................................................. 215
Jos Vander leyden , Claire Vieille, Kris Michiels,
Giorgio Matassi, August Van Gool and
Claudine Elmerich
Attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plant
host cells ................................................. 219
Ann G. Matthysse
x
Role of fimbriae and pili in the attachment of Klebsiella,
Enterobacter and Pseudomonas to plant surfaces ............. 229
Timo K. Korhonen, Kielo Haahtela, Martin
Romantschuk and Dennis H. Bamford
Race specific resistance to Bremia lactucae is expressed
by lettuce cells in suspension culture ..................... 243
P.F.S. Street, P.M. Rowell, D.N. Crucefix,
F. Didehvar and J.W. Mansfield
Interaction of fungal polygalacturonase with plant proteins
in relation to specificity and regulation of plant
defense response ........................................... 253
F. Cervone, G. De Lorenzo, L. Degra and G. Salvi
A model system for the study of fungus - host surface
interactions: adhesion of Phytophthora rnegasperrna to proto-
plasts and mesophyll cells of soybean ...................... 259
Hans R. Hohl and Sylvia Balsiger
Ultrastructural studies of surface interactions during
adhesion and infection by ericoid endomycorrhizal
fungi ...................................................... 273
V. Gianinazzi-Pearson, P. Bonfante-Fasolo
and J. Dexheimer
Structural modifications of the fungal wall before and
during VAM symb,iosis ....................................... 283
P. Bonfante-Fasolo, C. Marzachi' and B. Testa
III. RECOGNITION IN PLANT DEFENCE
Occurrence of race-specific elicitors in the host pathogen
interaction tomato-Cladosporium fulvum ..................... 287
Pierre J.G.M. de Wit and Ingrid M.J. Toma
