Recent Advances in Aerodynamics: Proceedings of an International Symposium held at Stanford University, August 22–26, 1983

751 Pages·1986·33.7 MB·English

by  A. Richard Seebass

Recent Advances in Aerodynamics
Also available from Springer-Verlag
the companion volume on aeroacoustics-
Recent Advances in Aeroacoustics
Proceedings of an International Symposium held at
Stanford University, August 22-26, 1983
Edited by A.Krothapalli and C.A.Smith
Contents: NOISE DUE TO JETS, SHEAR LAYERS, AND TURBULENCE.
J.E.Ffowcs Williams: Waves in Turbulent Mixing Layers. C.K.W.Tam: On
Broadband Shock Associated Noise of Supersonic Jets. M.S.Howe: On the Ab
sorption of Sound by Turbulence and Other Hydrodynamic Flows. ROTOR
ACOUSTICS. A.R.George: Analyses of Broadband Noise Mechanisms of Rotors.
F.Farassat: The Evolution of Methods for Noise Predictions of High Speed Rotors
and Propellers in the Time Domain. F.H.Schmitz and Y.H.Yu: Helicopter Im
pUlsive Noise: Theoretical and Experimental Status. GENERATION AND
PROPAGATION. W.K.Blake and A.Powell: The Development of Contemporary
Views of Flow-Tone Generation. N.Rott: A Simple Theory of the Sondhauss Tube.
S.M.Cande\: A Review of Numerical Methods in Acoustic Wave Propagation.
D.G.Crighton: Nonlinear Acoustic Propagation of Broadband Noise. A.H.Nayfeh:
Acoustic Propagation in Partially Choked Ducts
Springer-Verlag
New York Berlin Heidelberg Vienna Tokyo
Recent Advances in
Aerodynamics
Proceedings of an International Symposium held at
Stanford University, August 22-26, 1983
Edited by
Anjaneyulu Krothapalli and Charles A. Smith
With Contributions by
R.K. Agarwal D. Baganoff P.M. Bevilaqua S.S. Davis
E.H. Dowell R.L. Fearn K.Y. Fung U. Ganzer
C.-M. Ho A.K.M.F. Hussain D.A. Johnson
D.R. Kotansky R.E. Kuhn J.T.C. Liu J.G. Marvin
W.J. McCroskey A. Michalke R.H. Miller
S.M. Przybytkowski D. Rockwell T. Sarpkaya
W.R. Sears A.R. Seebass
With 403 Illustrations
Springer- Verlag
New York Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo
Anjaneyulu Krothapalli Charles A. Smith
Department of Mechanical Engineering NASA Ames Research Center
FAMUlFSU College of Engineering Moffett Field, CA 94035
The Florida State University U.S.A.
Tallahassee, FL 32306
U.S.A.
library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Recent advances in aerodynamics.
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Recent
Advances in Aerodynamics and Acoustics, organized by
the Joint Institute for Aeronautics and Acoustics.
Includes bibliographies.
I. Aerodynamics-Congresses. 2. Aerodynamic noise
Congresses. I. Krothapalli, A. (Anjaneyulu), 1950-
II. Smith, C. A. (Charles Arthur), 1945-
Ill. International Symposium on Recent Advances in
Aerodynamics and Acoustics (1983 : Stanford University)
IV. Joint Institute for Aeronautics and Acoustics.
TL570.R373 1985 629.132'3 84·22117
o 1986 by Springer-Vedag New York Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form without
written permission from Springer· Verlag. 175 Fifth Avenue, New York. New York 10010,
U.S.A.
Copyright is not claimed for works by U.S. Government Employees: Joseph G. Marvin (pp.
99-164), Dennis A. Johnson (pp. 631-658). and Sanford S. Davis (pp. 547-5(6).
Permission to photocopy for internal or personal use, or the internal or perwnal use of
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963B·7f86 $0.00 + .20
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I
ISBN-13:97R-1-4612-9379-R c-ISBN-13:978-1-4612-4972-6
001. 10.1007/978-1-4612-4972-6
Preface
The Joint Institute for Aeronautics and Acoustics at Stanford
University was established in October 1973 to provide an academic
environment for long-term cooperative research between Stanford
and NASA Ames Research Center. Since its establishment, the In
stitute has wnducted theoretical and experimental work in the areas
of aerodynamics, acoustics, fluid mechanics, flight dynamics, guid
ance and control, and human factors. This research has involved
Stanford faculty, research associates, graduate students, and many
distinguished visitors in collaborative efforts with the research staff
of NASA Ames Research Center.
The occasion of the Institute's tenth anniversary was used to
reflect back on where that research has brought us, and to consider
where our endeavors should be directed next. Thus, an International
Symposium was held to review recent advances in the fields relevant
to the activities of the Institute and to discuss the areas of research
to be undertaken in the future. This anniversary was also chosen a.."1
an opportunity to honor one of the Institute's founders and its di
rector, Professor Krishnamurty Karamcheti. It has been his creative
inspiration that has provided the ideal research environment at the
Joint Institute.
The International Symposium on Recent Advances in Aero
dynamics and Aconstics was held at Stanford University, Stanford,
California, U.S.A., August 22-26, 198:~. Thirty-five distinguished
scientists were invited to present a comprehensive review on the fol
lowing subject areas: unsteady aerodynamics, jets and shear layers,
V /STOL aircraft aerodynamics, rotor dynamics and aerodynamics,.
aeroaconstics, and rotor acoustics. The proceedings of the sympo
sium a.re organized in two volumes. One volume contains the papers
concerned with aerodynamics and the other volume those papers
dealing with a.eroacollstics and rotoracoustics.
Acknowledgements
During the preparation for the symposium a number of people,
both at NASA Ames Research Center and at Stanford University,
contributed in various ways. Here, we mention a few of those who
represent the spirit and efforts of many. As honorary chairman of
the Symposium, Mr. C. A. Syvertson served invaluably, not only in
this capacity but also in several other essential roles before and dur
ing the symposium. Mr. C. T. Snyder and Mr. VV. D. Deckert were
instrumental in helping to organize the outstanding contribution
and collaboration of NASA. Mr. David Hickey, through many dis
cussions, provided suggestions and ideas which were incorporated in
the running of the Symposium. As a co-chairman of the Symposium,
Prof. Leonard Roberts coordinated many of the difficult organizing
tasks.
We should like to note that the success of the technical sessions
is a credit to the session chairmen, who effectively presided over the
presentations and discussions. In this context we would like to extend
our gratitude to Dr. Jack Nielsen, Prof. J. E. Ffowcs Williams, Prof.
Brian Cantwell, Prof. Harold Levine, Prof. W. C. Reynolds, Dr.
Gordon Banerian, Prof. Holt Ashley, and Dr. Craig Simcox.
The expert preparation of the proceedings was done by Ms.
Doris Hsia and Ms. Dianne Budnik. It involved an immense effort
on their part to get the proceedings in the present form. We give our
sincere thanks and appreciation to both of them. We also wish to
express our appreciation to Springer-Verlag for their understanding
and patience.
An undertaking such as this would not be possible without the
generous support of the NASA Ames Research Center. This support
is gratefully acknowledged.
Finally, on a personal note we thank Prof. Krishnamurty
Karamcheti. His continuous help, encouragement, and personal
warmth has always been a source of stimulation for those of us
associated with him. It is with a deep sense of appreciation that
we dedicate these proceedings to him.
A. Krothapalli
C. A. Smith
Contents
List of Contributors . . . . . xi
Part I. Unsteady Aerodynamics
Advances in the Understanding and Computation of Unsteady
Transonic Flow
A. R. Seebass, K. Y. Fung, and S. M. Przybytkowski 3
Unsteady Transonic Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity
Earl H. Dowell ............ 39
Modeling of Turbulent Separated Flows for Aerodynamic
Applications
Joseph G. Marvin ............... 99
An Alternative Look at the Unsteady Separation Phenomenon
Chih-Ming Ho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 165
Part II. Jets and Shear Layers
Vortex-Edge Interactions
Donald Rockwell 181
Large-Scale Organized Motions in Jets and Shear Layers
A.K.M.F. Hussain . . . . . . . . . . 205
Results of Jet Instability Theory
Alfons Michalke 263
Large-Scale Coherent Structures in Free Turbulent Flows and
Their Aerodynamic Sound
J. T. C. Liu .............. 297
m.
Part V/STOL Aerodynamics
The Induced Aerodynamics of Jet and Fan Powered V/STOL
Aircraft
Richard E. Kuhn . ..... . 337
Advances in Ejector Thrust Augmentation
Paul M. Bevilaqua . . . . . . 375
Progress Towards a Model to Describe Jetj Aerodynamic-Surface
Interference Effects
Richard L. Fearn 407
Multiple Jet Impingement Flowfields
Donald R. Kotansky 435
Recent Advances in Prediction Methods for Jet-Induced Effects
on V jSTOL Aircraft
Ramesh K. Agarwal ............. 471
Part IV. Experimental Techniques
A Wind-Tunnel Method for V jSTOL Testing
W. R. Sears . ........ . 525
The Evolution of Adaptive-Wall Wind Tunnels
Sanford S. Davis . . . . . . . . . 547
Advances in Adaptive Wall Wind Tunnel Technique
Uwe Ganzer ............ . 567
Prospects for Flow Measurements Based on Spectroscopic
Methods
Donald Baganoff . . . . . . . . . 603
Laser Velocimetry for Transonic Aerodynamics
D. A. Johnson . . . . . . . . . . 631
Part V. Rotor Dynamics and Aerodynamics
The Aerodynamics and Dynamics of Rotors-Problems and
Perspectives
Rene H. Miller 659
Special Opportunities in Helicopter Aerodynamics
W. J. McCroskey ..... . 723
The Rise and Demise of Trailing Vortices
Turgut Sarpkaya . . . . . . . 753
List of Contributors
Agarwal, Ramesh Ganzer, Uwe
McDonnel Douglas Corporation Institut fur Luft-und Raumfahrt
St. Louis, MO 63166 Technische Universitiit Berlin
Marchstr. 14 Sekr. F2 D-1000
Berlin 10, Germany
Baganoff, Donald
Department of Aeronautics and
Astronautics Ho, Chih-Ming
Stanford University Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
Stanford, CA 94305 University of Southern California
Olin Hall 300
Los Angeles, CA 90089-1454
Bevilaqua, Paul
Rockwell International
Corporation Hussain, A.K.M.F.
Dept. 71, Bldg. 6 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
4300 East 5th Ave. University of Houston
Columbus, OH 43216 Houston, TX 77004
Johnson, Dennis
Davis, Sanford
NASA Ames Research Center
NASA Ames Research Center
Mail Stop 227-8
Mail Stop 227-8
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Kotansky, Donald R.
Dowell, Earl H.
McDonnell Aircraft Company
School of Engineering
McDonnell Douglas Corporation
Duke University
St. Louis, MO 63166
Durham, NC 27706
Kuhn, Richard
Fearn, Richard L. 111 Mistletoe Drive
Dept. of Engineering Sciences Newport News, VA 23606
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611
Liu, J.T.C.
Engineering Division
Fung, K. Y. Brown University
University of Arizona Box D
Tucson, AZ 85721 Providence, RI 02912
Marvin, Joseph Sears, W. R.
NASA Ames Research Center Aerospace and Mechanical
Mail Stop 229-1 Engineering Dept.
Moffett Field, CA 94035 The University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ 85721
McCroskey, William J.
NASA Ames Research Center Seeb~ss, A. R.
Mail Stop 202A-1 College of Engineering
Moffett Field, CA 94035 and Applied Science
AD 1-1 Engineering Center
Campus Box 422
Michalke, Alfons
University of Colorado
Hermann-Fottinger-Institut fur
Boulder, CO 80309
Thermo- und Fluiddynamik
Technische Universitiit Berlin
Sekr. HF-1
Strasse des 17
Juni 135, D-1000
Berlin 12, West Germany
Editors:
Miller, Rene H.
Dept. of Aeronautics and Krothapalli, A.
Astronautics Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Mass. Institute of Technology Institute for Engineering
Cambridge, MA 02139 The Florida State University
Tallahassee, FL 32306
Przybytkowski, Stanislaw M.
University of Arizona Smith, Charles A.
Tucson, AZ 85721 NASA Ames Research Center
Mail Stop 247-1
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Roekwell, Donald'
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
and Mechanics Assistant editor:
Lehigh University
Hsia, Doris
Bethlehem, PA 18015
Joint Institute for Aeronautics
and Acoustics
Sarpkaya, Turgut Dept. of Aeronautics and
U. S. Navy Astronautics
Department of Defense Stanford University
Monterey, CA 93940 Stanford, CA 94305
xii