Table Of ContentStudies in Computational Intelligence 1079
Hang Chen
Zhengjun Liu Editors
Recent
Advanced in
Image Security
Technologies
Intelligent Image, Signal, and Video
Processing
Studies in Computational Intelligence
Volume 1079
SeriesEditor
JanuszKacprzyk,PolishAcademyofSciences,Warsaw,Poland
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·
Hang Chen Zhengjun Liu
Editors
Recent Advanced in Image
Security Technologies
Intelligent Image, Signal, and Video
Processing
Editors
HangChen ZhengjunLiu
SchoolofSpaceInformation SchoolofPhysics
SpaceEngineeringUniversity HarbinInstituteofTechnology
Beijing,China Harbin,China
ISSN 1860-949X ISSN 1860-9503 (electronic)
StudiesinComputationalIntelligence
ISBN 978-3-031-22808-7 ISBN 978-3-031-22809-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22809-4
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Preface
With the rapid development of modern photography technology, the application
of real-time imaging transmission has been widely used both in commercial and
militaryarea,suchasresourcemonitoring,remotesurgery,militarytargetdetection.
Meanwhile,theimagesecuritytechnologiesarebecomingmoreandmoreimportant
in transmission and storage process. The commonly used video and images can
beprotected withdifferent kinds of securitytechnology, which help theowners to
preventunauthorizeddistributionanduse.Furthermore,theimage(video)security
technologies have remarkable military significance and application in the fields of
spaceremotesensing,navigation,andspacecommandoperation.
Overthepasttwodecades,theinformationsecuritytechnologieshaveattracted
significantattentionandledtoextensivestudyofindividuals,companies,institutes,
andgovernmentsectorsallaroundtheworld.Imageencryptiontechniqueisoneway
toconvertthesecretinformationtoanunreadableformatoraconfusedimagewhich
is hard to understand. However, different from the text message, the image data
hassomespecialcharacteristicslikehighcapacity,redundancy,andhighcorrelation
amongpixels.Particularly,theopticalinformationsecuritytechnologyhasbecome
increasinglyattractivesincethedoublerandomphaseencoding(DRPE)isproposed
byRefregierandJavidiin1995duetoitshigh-speedparallelprocessing.Thekey
motivationofusingopticsandphotonicsininformationsecurityisthatthevarious
complexdegreesoffreedom.Besides,someotherencryptiontechnologiesarealso
usedinimagecryptosystem,suchchaotic/hyperchaoticmaps,pixelsencodingtech-
nology, FPGA-based implementation, embedded hardware implementation, which
canextremelyimprovethesecurityoftheencryptionschemes.Inthepastdecade,
theartificialintelligence algorithmsarealsoemployed intheimagecryptosystem,
suchasCNNandSVM.
This book provides the readers with a comprehensive overview of principles,
methodologies,andrecentadvancesinimageandvideosecurityprocessing(contains
but not limited to encryption, hiding, and watermarking) using latest technologies
throughacollectionofhigh-qualitychapters.Thesechapterspresentoriginalworks
offamousresearchesfromseveralcountries.Thisbookisavaluablereferencefor
v
vi Preface
scientists,engineers,scientificresearchers,postgraduatestudents,andseniorunder-
graduatestudentswithmajorsinimage,signal,andvideoprocessing.Toenlighten
thereader,wewouldliketodividethisbookintoeightchapters:
Thefirstchapter-“OpticalInformationCryptosystemsBasedonStructuredPhase
Encoding.”
Thesecondchapter-“Encryption/DecryptionwithOpticalTransform.”
Thethirdchapter-“OpticalCryptosystemsBasedonSpiralPhaseModulation.”
Thefourthchapter-“ImageCryptosystemforDifferentKindsofImagebyUsing
ImprovedArnoldMap.”
Thefifthchapter-“ImageEncryptionUsingaChaotic/HyperchaoticMultidimen-
sionalDiscreteSystem.”
Thesixthchapter-“VideoCryptosystemUsingChaoticSystems.”
Theseventhchapter-“NeuralNetworkImageRestorationTechniques.”
Beijing,China HangChen
Harbin,China ZhengjunLiu
Acknowledgements Theeditorswouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpresstheirsinceregrat-
itudetotheauthorsofthechaptersforextendingtheirwholeheartedsupportinsharingsomeof
theirlatestresults.Withouttheirsignificantcontribution,thisbookvolumecouldnothavefulfilled
itsmission.TheeditorisverygratefultoEditor-in-ChiefProf.ThomasDitzingerforhishelpon
ourbook.AlltheauthorsareindebtedtotheeditorialstaffatSpringer,fortheirhardworkingand
selfishattitudeonhelpingourbookplan.
Contents
OpticalInformationCryptosystemsBasedonStructuredPhase
Encoding ......................................................... 1
MuhammadRafiqAbuturab
Encryption/DecryptionwithOpticalTransform ...................... 33
ZhengjunLiu,YuJi,ShuruiYang,ShutianLiu,BinGao,andHangChen
OpticalCryptosystemsBasedonSpiralPhaseModulation ............ 59
RaviKumar,YiXiong,andSakshi
Image Cryptosystem for Different Kinds of Image by Using
ImprovedArnoldMap ............................................. 77
HangChen,YanhuaCao,ShutianLiu,ZhengjunLiu,andZhonglinYang
ImageEncryptionUsingaChaotic/HyperchaoticMultidimensional
DiscreteSystem ................................................... 105
CamelTanougast,BelqassimBouteghrine,SaidSadoudi,andHangChen
VideoCryptosystemUsingChaoticSystems .......................... 127
SaidSadoudi,CamelTanougast,BelqassimBouteghrine,HangChen,
andSalahMihoub
NeuralNetworkImageRestorationTechniques ...................... 163
MingyongJiang,NingboGuo,QunWei,andHangChen
vii
Optical Information Cryptosystems
Based on Structured Phase Encoding
MuhammadRafiqAbuturab
Abstract The structured phase mask (SPM) is a diffractive optical element. It
mainlycomprisesaradialHilbertphasemask(RHPM),aFresnelzoneplatephase
mask (FZPM), a spiral zone plate phase mask (SZPM), and a chaotic spiral phase
mask (CSPM). It is easier to align with setup axis and it is itself a multiple-key
device.OpticalcryptosystemsbasedonRHPMandFZPMinthegyratortransform
domainhavebeenpresented.Inthesecryptosystems,theconstructionparametersare
usedasencryptionkeys.AnasymmetricinformationcryptosystembasedonSZPM
and optical interference principle has been studied. Finally, asymmetric multiple-
informationcryptosystembasedonCSPMandrandomspectrumdecompositionhas
beendiscussed.Inasymmetriccryptosystems,theconstructionparametersareused
asdecryptionkeys.Hybridoptoelectronicsystemscanbeusedfortheimplementation
ofcryptosystems.Numericalsimulationsdemonstratetheefficiencyandviabilityof
theopticalmethods.
1 Introduction
Informationsecurityisofparamountimportanceincommunicationsystems,where
the rate of information dissemination is growing phenomenally. The security of
traditionalmethodsisimprovedusingstrongercryptographicalgorithms.High-speed
computerscanreducethetimetodecryptanencryptedmessage.Whenthelengthof
theencryptingkeybecomeslonger,theprocessingspeedbecomesslower.So,optical
informationsecuritytechniqueshavebeenwidelyappliedinthefieldofinformation
security, owing to their multiple parameters and parallel processing capability [1].
Thesecurityofacryptosystemdependsonthelengthofthesecuritykey/maskand
itsrandomness.Thus,thesecuritykeyplaysasignificantroleinachievingahigher
level of security of a cryptosystem. In optical cryptosystems, the keys are mostly
phase-onlyfunctionscalledrandomphasemasks(RPMs).TheRPMispositionedin
B
M.R.Abuturab( )
DepartmentofPhysics,MuzaffarpurInstituteofTechnology,Muzaffarpur842003,India
e-mail:rafi[email protected]
©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2023 1
H.ChenandZ.Liu(eds.),RecentAdvancedinImageSecurityTechnologies,
StudiesinComputationalIntelligence1079,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22809-4_1
2 M.R.Abuturab
theFourierplaneofaclassicalFourierprocessortoencrypttheFourierspectrumof
animage/data[2].Ithastwoimportantpracticaldisadvantages.Specklenoiseand
thesensitivityofthealignmentinthedecoding step.First,speckle masksproduce
higher spatial frequency components, which cause interference patterns to change
rapidly in certain local areas in the holographic plane. Second, a misalignment of
RPMinthedecryptionprocesscausestofailinretrievingtheoriginalimage/data.
Therefore,precisealignmentofanopticalcryptosystembasedona4f correlatoris
oneoftheimportantpracticalissue.
The structured phase masks were introduced to overcome the misalignment
problem in the decryption stage. The radially symmetric Hilbert transform (RHT)
wasintroducedandappliedtothetwo-dimensionaledgeenhancedimagesofarbi-
trarilyshapedinputobjects[3].Itiseasiertoalignwiththesetupaxis[4].Thetoroidal
zoneplate(TZP)wasreportedandanalyzeditssensitivitytomisalignment[5].The
Fresnelzoneplate(FZP)wasproposedingyratortransformdomaintosolvealign-
ment problems in optical cryptosystem based on a 4f correlator [6, 7]. The spiral
zone plate (SZP) was put forward [8]. The optical cryptosystem based on optical
interference principle and spiralzone plate phase encoding was proposed toattain
precisealignment[9].Thechaoticstructuredphasemask(CSPM)wasproposedin
gyratortransformdomaintosolveaxisalignment[10,11].
Inthischapter,opticalcryptosystemsbasedonstructuredphasemaskshavebeen
reported.Thischapterstartswithabriefintroductiontostructuredphasemasks.The
opticaltechniquesforimage/datasecuritysystemsbasedonstructuredphasemasks,
algorithms, and optical implementations have been discussed. Finally, numerical
simulationresultshavebeenmadetotestthesecurity,validity,andefficiencyofthe
opticaltechniques.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Sect. 1, the structured phase
maskanditstypesaredescribed.InSect.2,opticalgyratortransformispresented.
InSect.3,theopticalinformationcryptosystemsbasedonstructuredphasemasks
arediscussed.Thechapterendswithconcludingremarks.
2 StructuredPhaseMask
Thestructuredphasemask(SPM)isanalternativetotherandomphasemask(RPM).
TheSPMmainlyincludesaradialHilbertphasemask(RHPM),Fresnelzoneplate
phasemask(FZPM),spiralzoneplatephasemask(SZPM),andchaoticspiralphase
mask(CSPM).TheSPMisdefinedbyashapegivenbyaspecificconfiguration.It
offersremarkableadvantages.First,itisverydifficulttoreplicateasitisadiffractive
optical element. Second, it is easier to position during the decoding process as it
providesitsowncenteringmark(on-axisfocalringwhenilluminatedbyaparallel
beam).Third,itsdiffractionefficiencycanbemanipulateddependingontherequire-
mentsoftheopticalsystem.Finally,itisitselfamultiple-keydeviceasitcontains
multiplekeysinasingle-phasemask.
