Raiding Saint Peter:: Empty Sees, Violence and the Initiation of the Great Schism (1378)

278 Pages·2008·1.92 MB·English

by  Joëlle Rollo-Koster

Raiding Saint Peter
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Brill’s Series in
Church History
(Formerly Known as Kerkhistorische Bijdragen)
Edited by
Wim Janse, Amsterdam
In Cooperation With
Theo Clemens, Utrecht/Antwerpen
Olivier Fatio, Genève
Alastair Hamilton, London
Scott Mandelbrote, Cambridge
Andrew Pettegree, St. Andrews
VOLUME 32
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Raiding Saint Peter
Empty Sees, Violence, and the Initiation of
the Great Western Schism (1378)
By
Joëlle Rollo-Koster
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2008
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On the cover: detail from Antonio Baldana, De magno schismate, Biblioteca Palatina in Parma,
Italy, ms. 1194, fol.2r. Used with the kind permission of the Italian Cultural Ministry / Su
concessione del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISSN 1572-4107
ISBN 978 90 04 16560 1
Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishers,
IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
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Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to
The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910,
Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
Fees are subject to change.
printed in the netherlands
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CONTENTS
Preface ......................................................................................... vii
Acknowledgements ....................................................................... ix
Introduction .................................................................................. 1
Chapter One: The Empty See .................................................... 19
1. Empty See Governance and the Papal Electoral
System ................................................................................ 19
2. The Liturgy of the Empty See .......................................... 44
3. Looting, Charity, and Liturgy ............................................ 60
Chapter Two: The Empty See as Liminal Phenomenon ......... 77
Chapter Three: Looting the Empty See:
The Early Chronology ........................................................... 107
1. Introducing Spolia: The Connection with the Ancient ..... 107
2. Early Spoils: Historiography .............................................. 112
3. Evidence ............................................................................. 118
4. Right of Spoil .................................................................... 158
Chapter Four: Looting the Empty See:
The Great Western Schism (1378) ......................................... 167
1. Rome 1378: Quick Historiography ................................... 168
2. Rome 1378: Background ................................................... 173
3. Rome 1378: “Romanum Volumus Papam Vel Omnes
Moriemini!” ........................................................................ 188
Conclusion: More Loot .............................................................. 225
Works Cited and Bibliography ................................................... 243
Index ........................................................................................... 257
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PREFACE
Thanks are due to the University of Rhode Island who, for the past few
years, has supported my research through various means. The College
of Arts and Sciences granted me a Sabbatical Year between July 2002
and July 2003, relieving me of all my teaching duties. That same year I
received a URI Faculty Fellowship in the Humanities from URI Center
for the Humanities (2002–2003), which enabled me to do research in
Rome. Since 2002, The URI Council for Research has awarded me
twice Faculty Development Program Awards, in 2003 and 2007, to
pursue my research during our summer breaks.
I am extremely grateful and wish to thank URI Inter Library Loan
staff, especially Emily who has always acceded to my requests with
utter effi ciency.
I am also grateful to the colleagues who over the years have kept me
going: To Kay Reyerson who has always been here for me from the
beginning of my career; to Richard C. Trexler, quondam (tor)mentor who
paid me the best compliment after reading my introduction when he
told me that he would buy my book. Sadly, he passed away on March 8,
2007. To Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, Edward Muir, Kathleen Ashley,
Thomas Izbicki, and Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski, for their input and
support at the various stages of my research; and fi nally to the History
Department at URI, who think that I am obsessing with dead popes.
This book is dedicated to all those who are fi ghting their battle with
cancer: To the strength of the winners, and to the memory of the ones
who lost: Terri, Brigitte, and Barbara.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to Gregory T. Papanikos and C.J. Nicholas Pappas, the editors
of European History: Lessons for the 21st Century. Essays from the 3rd International
Conference on European History, Athens, Greece, 2006, for permission to
reproduce portion of ‘The Return of the Prodigal Son: The Papal Entry
of the 1377 and the Roman Topography of Contest,’ pp. 227–37.
Thanks to the Rivista di storia della Chiesa in Italia and its editor Agostino
Paravicini-Bagliani for permission to reproduce ‘Looting the Empty
See: The Great Western Schism Revisited (1378),’ Rivista di storia della
Chiesa in Italia (2, 2005): 429–74.
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