Radiochemistry of chromium

72 Pages·1964·2.289 MB·English

by  J Pijck, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission., National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Nuclear Science. Subcommittee on Radiochemistry

544.7
PL3w
~AS-NS-3007
[Rev. 1964]
RA
OF CHROMIUM
NUCLEARSCIENCESERIES
National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council
Published by:
United States Atomic Energy Commission
LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY
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3933800079 1284
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COMMIITEE ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
S. K.Allison, Chairman R.D.Evans, Vice Chairman
Universityof Chicago Mass. InstituteofTechnology
Lewis Slack,Secvetary
Natioml Research Council
E. C.Anderson BerndKahn
Los Alamos Sci. Laboratory TaftSanitaryEngineeringCenter
N. E. BS11OU Jerry B. Marion
U.S.Naval RadiologicalDefenseLaboratory University ofMaryland
MartinJ.Berger R. L. Platzman
NationalBureauofStandards Argome NationalLaboratory
C. J.Borkowski Ernest C. Pollard
OakRidgeNatl. Laboratory Pemsylvania StateUniversity
RobertG. Cochran KatherineWay
A&M CollegeofTexas OakRidgeNatioml Laboratory
Herbert Goldstein George W. Wetherill
ColumbiaUniversity University ofCalifornia (Los Angeles)
LIAISONMEMBERS
Paul C.Aebersold RalphG.Allen
AtomicEnergy Commission Air Force Office ofScientificResearch
J.HowardMcMillen
NationalScienceFoundation
SUBCOMMITTEEONRAOIOCHEMISTRY
N. E. ~llou, Chaivman W. E. Nervik
U. S.Naval RadiologicalDefense Lawrence RadiationLaboratory
Laboratory
J.M. Nielsen
G, R. Choppin General Electric Company(Richland)
Florida StateUniversity
G. D.O’Kelley
H.M. Clark OakRidgeNationalLaboratory
Rensselaer PolytechnicInstitute
R.P. Schuman
R.M.Diamond AtomicEnergyDivision
Lawrence RadiationLaboratory Phillips Petroleum Company(IdahoFalls)
A. W, Fairhall E. P. Steinberg
University ofWash@ton ArgonneNationalLaboratory
JeromeHudis D. N. Sunderman
BrookhavenNatioml Laboratory BattelleMemorial fnstitute
J.D.Knight J.W. Winchester
Las Alamos ScientificLaboratory MassachusettsInetituteof Technology
Radiochemistry of Chromium
J. PIJCK
Laboratory joY Analytical Chgmistry
University of Ghent
Ghent, Bel@”um
Issued:December1964
Subcommittee on Radiochemistry
National Academy of Sciences —National Research Council
PrintedinUSA. Price s0.75. Available fmm the Clearinghouse for Federal
Scientific snd Te chnicul Information, National Bureau of Standards, U. S. De-
patient of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia.
The Subcondttee on RadiochemiBtry is one of a numberof
Bubcomittees working under the Committeeon Nuclear Science
wlthln the National Acadeq’ of Sciences - National Research
council. Its memtersrepresent government, industrial, and
university I-atimtories in the areas of mdiochemistry and
nuclear chemistry.
The Subccmittee has concerned itself with prepamtion of
publi=tions, encoura@ng and supporting activities in nuclear
education, qmnsoring symposia on selected current topics in
radiochemiatry and nuclear chemietry, and investigating mpecial
problems as they arise. A sefies ofmonographe on the milio-
chemistry of essentially all the elements and on mdlochemical
techniques is teing publlshed. Initiation and enc~nt
of publication of articles on nucleax education in various
subJect am-m of chemistry have occurred, and development and
improvautentof certain education activities (e.g., labomtory
end demonstration ex@riments with mdicactivity) have been
encoumged and aseisted. Radioactive contamination of reagents
and matetils Jmskeen investigated and specific recommendations
made.
This series of mnographs has resulted flum the need for
cmpreh+msive ccmpilatione of mdiochemical and nuclear chemical
information. Each monographcollects in one volmmethe pertinent
infomtion required for radiochemical workwith an Individual
element or with a specialized technique. The U. S. AtcnnicEnergy
Commissionhas spomored the printing of the seties.
(hmsnts and suggestions for further pub~cationB and
activities of value to persons working with mdlcmctitity are
uelcmned by the Subccsmnittee.
N. E. Balbu, Chaiman
Submmmittee on Radiochemistry
iii
Thi.s monogmphon the mdlochemlstry of chromlm %sone
in a series covering the radiochemistry of essentially all
the elements. It is a revised and expanded vereion of an
earlder monogmph. In it am included mxctewaof nuclear and
chemical properties of cbrcunlum,discussions of methods of
WMHPMdtssolution and of sepamt Ion react Ions, descript Iom
of couuting techniques, and a compilation of mdiochemlcal
sepamtion procedures.
Ae new tifomat ion accmnuhtes on chemical and nuclear
properties of chromim and on separation and meamrement
techniques, considemtion will be given to further mvlsion of
this monogmph. Consequently es additional information &comes
avai Lable In both publdshed and unpublished form, readers are
encotnaged to bring it to the attention of the author for
possible inclusion Ic future editions of this mnogmph.
iv
I. Oeneml Reviews of the Inorganic snd Analytical
_Btry Of~UQ1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. General Rewlews of the Badiochemistry
Ofchrofnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
III . Table of ImtopesofChrcmim . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1. Table of Isotopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Decay Schemesof Chrcanim Isotopes. . . . . . . . 3
3. Activation CroEIs-Sections of Chmmim
Isotopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4. Neutron Actimtion Reactions. . . . . . . . . . .
5. Charged Particles and Photan Activation
Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Iv. Review of those Features of Chromium(!hemlstry
of Chief Interest to tti Rdiochemiet . . . , . . . . 9
A. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2. Metal and Oxldee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. Oxidation States and Oeneml Remarlm
abut solution Chemistry. . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.sEalts ofchrmilm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i2
Complex ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
i: Chelates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Others. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
;: Principal Method6 of Det.ennination. . . . . . 17
B. Seymation Reactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :9
1. Precipitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2. Solvent Extinction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3. Volatilization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4. Ion Exchmge Behavior . . . . . . . ., ... 25
~. Rapid Padiochemical Sepamtion Procedures . . 27
6. Iow-kvd maiochedc.a Sepamtion. . . . . . 28
c. Dissolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
v. F&zards and Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5~
VI. Counting Teclmiques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3G
VII . Sepamt Ion Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
v
Radiochemistry of Chromium
J. PIJCK
Lahoratovy fov Analytical Chemistry
University of Ghent
Ghent, Bel@”um
I. GENERAL REVIEWS OF THE INORGANIC AND ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY OF CHROMIU.M.
Handbuch der Analytischen Chemie.
Ed. R. Fresenius und G. Jander , Springer Verlag Berlin 1948.
Teil II : Qualitative Nachweisverfahren.
Band VI : Elemente der Sechsten Gruppe.
p. 142-190 : Dr Otto Schmitz-Dumont : CHROM.
Handbuch der Analytischen Chemie.
Ed. R. Fresenius und G. Jander , Springer Verlag Berlin 1958.
Teil III : (.hantita:ive Analyse.
Band VI be : Elemente der Sechsten Nebengruppe : CHROM,
Dr H. Garschagen, Dr W. =rnpel und Dr J.Weise.
p. 1-411.
A Comprehensive Treatise on horganic and Theoretical Chemistry Vol X1.
p. 122-483 (1931).
J.W. Mellor.
Langmans , Green & Co. Imndon (1931).
G.Chariot et D. B6zier.
Analyse Quantitative Min6rale.
Masson et Co. Paris 1955.
p. 488-494.
G. Charlot and Dr. B6zier.
Modern Methods of Quantitative tiorganic Analysis.
Translation by R. C. Murray.
J.Wiley and Sons N.Y. 1957.
Calorimetric Determination of Traces of Metals, 3rd edition
E. B. Sandell (1959).
D. Van Nostrand Co.
p. 388-408.
Analytical Chemistry of the Manhattan Project.
Ed. C. J.Redden.
McGraw-Hill 1950.
p. 445: CHROMIUM.
Solvent Extraction in Analytical Chemistry.
G. H. Morrison and H. Freiser.
J.Wiley and Sons (1957).
II. GENERAL REVIEWS OF THE RfU310CHEMISTRY OF CHROMIUM.
ItThe Radiochemistry of Chromium”.
NAS-NS 3007 Jan. 1960 J. Pijck.
Superseded by the present rewised monograph.
III. TABLE OF ISOTOPES OF CHROMIUM.
(with decay-schemes, activation cross- sections and other nuclear data).
For more complete information on the radiations of chromium isotopes
and references to the original literature, see (1), (2).
2
1. Table of isotope-.
TABLE 1.
Tabla of Imotopm.
imtoplc half- methods of
isotope *b:de decay literature
nlaso. life ‘nerm preparation
Cr46 -1.1 n 3
Cr47 0.4 q 3
Cr48 23 h EC ,no p+ 4,5,6
~1 0.116
g2 0.31
cr49 Ti46
48.966794 41.9m 1.54 (a,n) 7,s,9
P+
1.39 ~r5° (n,2n)
0.73 Cr50(g,n)
0.063
0.089
0.150
Cr50 4.31 49.961640
Crsl 50.960044 27.8d no P+ ~51 (d,2n) 8,9, 10
through27
0.323 Ti48(d,n)
0.320 V51(p,n)
0.65 Cr5°(n,~)
Cr52(p,~)
Cr50(d,p)
cr52 a3.76 51.956990
Cr53 9.55 52.957460
t+gh 37
CrM 2.38 53.956020
Cr55 54.956430 3.52xn ~- 2.85 Crw (n,J)
no CrM (d,p)
r
MU55 (n,p)
2. Deca y- ochemee of chromium imtopeo.
Cr46
Cr47
OT+-O-
o+
X@191m0
23 23
(o+) 0.40 m.
3
o+ 24 h
421
7r
305 (2 +)
305 305
t
116 (3 +)
116
0 4+
~48
16.2 d
23 25
Cr49
24 25
(5/2 -)w,,,, ,1, 41.7m
{f m
,&+1320;Z8%(4.9); ~3%
\
o; 13% (5.4); El%
(3/2-) 150
63
(5/2-) 91
+ 1470; 5170(5.0); &470
91 150
7/2- o
~49
23 26
4