Racial Profiling: Using Propensity Score Matching To Examine Focal Concerns Theory

92 Pages·2017·0.809 MB·English

by  Anthony Vito

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Racial Profiling
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3 This book combines theory and propensity score matching to offer readers a
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: better understanding of racial profiling through traffic stop data concerning
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1 the race and gender of the driver. Racial Profiling: Using Propensity Score
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a Matching to Examine Focal Concerns Theory examines the likelihood of a

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o citation, search, or consent search for similarly situated African-American
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e and Caucasian drivers, similarly situated African-American and Caucasian
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male drivers, and similarly situated African-American and Caucasian female
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a drivers.
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i Anthony Gennaro Vito is Assistant Professor at the University of West
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or Georgia in the Department of Criminology. Dr. Vito has published articles
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i in various journals including Policing: An International Journal of Police
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C Strategies & Management, Deviant Behavior, and the American Journal of
f Criminal Justice. Dr. Vito’s research interests are focused in policing, drug
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y use, public policy in the criminal justice system, and advanced statistical
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si methods.
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Racial Profiling
Using Propensity Score Matching to
Examine Focal Concerns Theory
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n Anthony Gennaro Vito
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First published 2017
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
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1 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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2 © 2017 Taylor & Francis
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r The right of Anthony Gennaro Vito to be identified as author of this
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u work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and
n 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
2 reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
3 or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
0 photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
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8 retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
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t Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
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] or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
o explanation without intent to infringe.
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i Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
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A catalog record for this book has been requested
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a ISBN: 978-1-138-28899-7 (hbk)
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ISBN: 978-1-315-26750-0 (ebk)
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i Typeset in Times New Roman
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r by Apex CoVantage, LLC
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3 I want to dedicate this book to my beautiful wife,
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: Rasha Aly-Vito. Thank you for always being by my
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t side through graduate school and life. Without your
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] helpful editing, love, and support, this book would not
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g be possible.
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Contents
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3 Preface ix
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: Acknowledgments xi
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] 1 Introduction 1
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g Provides a literature review of racial profiling studies
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D covering racial bias, gender bias, contraband, citations,
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i 2 Focal Concerns Theory, Propensity Score Matching,
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or and Racial Profiling 20
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li Covers the use of focal concerns theory as a theoretical
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C explanation and the use of propensity score matching as
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o the statistical analysis.
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r 3 Traffic Stop Data From the Louisville Police Department 30
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i Covers the data used for this study along with dependent
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d 4 Propensity Score Matching Results 35
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d Provides the results for propensity score matching when
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o examining citation, search, and consent search as the
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w traffic stop outcome in accordance with the race of
o the driver and then the race and gender of the driver
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combined.
viii Contents
5 Policy Implications for Racial Profiling 51
Reviews the results of the study and provides policy
implications for dealing with racial profiling.
7 References 70
1 Index 79
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Preface
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3 This is the first study of its kind to apply focal concerns theory to racial pro-
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: filing with propensity score matching as the statistical analysis. The use of
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1 both techniques allows for a theoretical explanation missing in the majority
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a of the literature for police officer decision-making when it comes to racial
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o profiling. Propensity score matching allows for quasi-experimental design
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e where similarly situated African-American and Caucasian drivers are exam-
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ined for the traffic stop outcomes of citation, search, and consent search.
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