Public Services Delivery

262 Pages·2005·1.43 MB·English

by  Anwar Shah

PUBLIC SECTOR
GOVERNANCE AND
ACCOUNTABILITY SERIES
PUBLIC SERVICES
DELIVERY
Edited by ANWAR SHAH

PUBLIC
SERVICES
DELIVERY
Introduction to the Public Sector Governance
and Accountability Series
Anwar Shah,Series Editor
A well-functioning public sector that delivers quality public services consistent with citizen
preferences and that fosters private market-led growth while managing fiscal resources pru-
dently is considered critical to the World Bank’s mission of poverty alleviation and the
achievement ofMillennium Development Goals.This important new series aims to advance
those objectives by disseminating conceptual guidance and lessons from practices and by
facilitating learning from each others’ experiences on ideas and practices that promote
responsive(by matching public services with citizens’preferences),responsible(through effi-
ciency and equity in service provision without undue fiscal and social risk),and accountable
(to citizens for all actions) public governance in developing countries.
This series represents a response to several independent evaluations in recent years that
have argued that development practitioners and policy makers dealing with public sector
reforms in developing countries and,indeed,anyone with a concern for effective public gov-
ernance could benefit from a synthesis ofnewer perspectives on public sector reforms.This
series distills current wisdom and presents tools of analysis for improving the efficiency,
equity,and efficacy ofthe public sector.Leading public policy experts and practitioners have
contributed to the series.
The first seven volumes in the series (Fiscal Management,Public Services Delivery,Pub-
lic Expenditure Analysis, Tools for Public Sector Evaluations, Macrofederalism and Local
Finances,International Practices in Local Governance,and Citizen-Centered Governance) are
concerned with public sector accountability for prudent fiscal management;efficiency and
equity in public service provision;safeguards for the protection ofthe poor,women,minori-
ties,and other disadvantaged groups;ways ofstrengthening institutional arrangements for
voice and exit;methods of evaluating public sector programs,fiscal federalism,and local
finances;international practices in local governance;and a framework for responsive and
accountable governance.
Fiscal Management Macrofederalism and Local Finances
Edited by Anwar Shah Edited by Anwar Shah
International Practices in Local
Public Expenditure Analysis
Governance
Edited by Anwar Shah
Edited by Anwar Shah
Tools for Public Sector Evaluations Citizen-Centered Governance
Edited by Anwar Shah Matthew Andrews and Anwar Shah
PUBLIC SECTOR
GOVERNANCE AND
ACCOUNTABILITY SERIES
PUBLIC
SERVICES
DELIVERY
Edited by ANWAR SHAH
THE WORLD BANK
Washington,D.C.
©2005 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone:[phone]
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ISBN-13:978-0-8213-6140-5
ISBN-10:0-8213-6140-6
eISBN:0-8213-6141-4
DOI:10.1596/978-0-8213-6140-5
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Public Services Delivery / edited by Anwar Shah.
p. cm.— (Public sector governance,and accountability series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8213-6140-6 (pbk.)
1.Government productivity—Evaluation.2.Public administration—Evaluation.3.
Municipal services—Evaluation.4.Medical care—Evaluation.5.Education—Evaluation.6.
Public welfare—Evaluation.7.Infrastructure (Economics)—Evaluation.I.Shah,Anwar.
II.World Bank.III.Series.
JF1525.P67M43 2005
361.6'068'4—dc22
2005043246
Contents
Introduction to the Public Sector Governance
and Accountability Series ii
Foreword ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Contributors xv
Abbreviations and Acronyms xxi
Overview xxiii
by Anwar Shah
CHAPTER
Issues Associated with the
1
Implementation of Governmentwide Perfor-
mance Monitoring 1
by Alasdair Roberts
Current Efforts at Governmentwide Performance
Monitoring 4
Difficulties in Execution 11
Prospects for Governmentwide Performance
Planning 23
Annex 1.A:Outcome Measures in the Oregon Plan 30
Annex 1.B:Outcome Measures in the Florida Plan 31
v
vi Contents
Annex 1.C:Outcome Measures in the Alberta Plan 34
Annex 1.D:Outcome Measures in the
Nova Scotia Plan 35
Annex 1.E:Draft Outcome Measures for the Canadian
Government 37
2 A Simple Measure of Good Governance 39
by JeffHuther and Anwar Shah
Measuring Governance Quality 40
Impact ofFiscal Decentralization on Governance Quality 46
Quality ofGovernance and Decentralization 52
Conclusion 54
Annex 2.A:Sources and Quality ofData and Explanations Regard-
ing Development ofComponent Indexes 57
Annex 2.B:Composite Indexes 60
3 Assessing Local Government Performance in Develop-
ing Countries 63
by Matthew Andrews and Anwar Shah
Evaluation Criteria 64
Evaluating Conformance to Legislation and Process 65
Evaluating Responsiveness 72
Evaluating Efficiency 75
Evaluating Accountability 77
Conclusion 80
4 Results Matter: Suggestions for a Developing Country’s
Early Outcome Measurement Effort 85
by Harry P.Hatry
What Is Outcome Measurement? 85
Why Measure Outcomes? 86
Obstacles to Outcome Measurement in
Developing Countries 86
Basic Steps in Implementing an Outcome
Measurement Process 88
Basic Outcome Measurement Procedures and Their Costs 93
Contents vii
Measurements ofExtent ofCorruption 98
Measurements ofResponse Time 99
Data Quality Control 100
Using Outcome Data 100
Final Note 102
Annex 4.A:Household Questionnaire 103
Annex 4.B:Trained Observer Procedures 107
Annex 4.C:Examples ofPerformance Indicators for Tracking
Anticorruption Efforts 112
5 Delivering Local/Municipal Services 117
by Harry Kitchen
Public Sector Alternatives 117
Private Sector Provision 128
Public-Private Partnerships 139
Summary 145
6 Assessing the Performance of Health Services
in Reaching the Poor 153
by Agnes Soucat,Ruth Levine,Adam Wagstaff,Abdo S.Yazbeck,
Charles C.Griffin,Timothy Johnston,Paul Hutchinson,and
RudolfKnippenberg
Channeling Resources to the Poor 156
Reaching the Poor:Equity ofCoverage for Interventions Address-
ing the Needs ofthe Poor 162
Equity and the Impact ofHealth Sector Financing 178
Conclusion 185
7 Measuring Public Sector Performance
in Infrastructure 193
by Hadi Salehi Esfahani
The Nature ofthe Problem 195
Choosing Performance Indicators 196
Evaluating Performance 206
Conclusion 207
viii Contents
FIGURES
4.B.1 Trained Observer Rating Scale 111
6.1 PRSP Framework—Determinants ofHealth Outcomes 154
6.2 DALYs Lost per 1,000 Population by Cause 158
6.3 Eight Steps to Effective Coverage for the Poor 163
TABLES
2.1 Components ofGovernance Index 41
2.2 Ranking ofCountries on Governance Quality 44
2.3 Governance Index Correlation Coefficients 45
2.4 Correlation ofSubnational Expenditures
with Governance Quality Indicators 48
2.5 Omissions from Original Indexes 54
4.1 Outcome Indicators for Elementary and Secondary
School Systems 88
4.2 Outcome Indicators for Youth Welfare 89
4.3 Outcome Indicators for Solid Waste Collection 91
4.B.1 Toronto Road Condition Rating Scale 110
5.1 Private versus Public Sector Delivery in Canada 131
6.1 Sources ofData for Assessing Coverage 164
6.2 Example ofDeterminants ofCoverage with a Core Package
ofActivities 165
6.3 Summary ofMajor Questions to Be Answered in a Health
Financing Assessment 185
7.1 Examples ofPerformance Measures for Power Infrastructure 198
7.2 Examples ofPerformance Measures for Telecommunications Infra-
structure 199
7.3 Examples ofPerformance Measures for Transportation
Infrastructure 200
7.4 Examples ofPerformance Measures for Water Infrastructure 201
7.5 Examples ofPerformance Measures for Sanitation
Infrastructure 202