Protracted Contest: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Twentieth Century

462 Pages·2001·30.544 MB·English

by  John W. Garver

Protracted Contest

Protracted Contest
Sino-Indian Rivalry
in the Twentieth Century
JOHN W. GARVER
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON PRESS
Seattle and London
This publication was supported in part by the
Donald R. Ellegood International Publications Endowment.
Copyright © 2001 by the University of Washington Press
Printed in the United States of America
All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Garver, John w.
Protracted contest: Sino-Indian rivalry in the twentieth century / John W. Garver.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-295-98073-7 (alk. paper)-IsBN 0-295-98074-5 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. China-Relations-India. 2. India-Relations-China.
I. Title: Sino-Indian rivalry in the twentieth century. II. Title.
DS740.5.I5 G37 2001
303.48'251054-DC21
The paper used in this publication is acid free and recycled from 10 percent post-consumer
and at least 50 percent pre-consumer waste. It meets the minimum requirements of the
American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed
Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. §@
To the memory of my father and mother,
William Lincoln Garver Jr., 1911-1996,
and Lila Rowena Selzer Garver, 1908-1996
and with grateful acknowledgment of the financial support
of the Smith Richardson Foundation, the family-fortune origin of
which came from Vicks Vaporub, which my mother sometimes
®
rubbed on my throat when, as a small boy, I had a cold

Contents
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IX
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
1 / Sino-Indian Relations: The Protracted Contest 3
2/ The Tibetan Factor in Sino-Indian Relations 32
3/ The Territorial Dispute 79
4/ Sino-Indian Rivalry for Influence and Status
among Developing Countries 110
5/ Indian-Chinese Rivalry in Nepal 138
6 / Sikkim and Bhutan 167
7/ The Sino-Pakistani Entente Cordiale 187
8 / Managing the Contradiction between Maintaining
the Sino-Pakistani Entente and Furthering
Sino-Indian Rapprochement 216
9 / Burma: The Back Door to China 243
lO / The Indian Ocean in Sino-Indian Relations 275
11 / Nuclear Weapons and the Sino-Indian Relationship 313
12/ Nuclear Weapons and the International Status
of China and India 343
13/ Prospects for a Qualitative Change in PRC-ROI Relations 368
NOTES 391
INDEX 431
Vll

List of Illustrations
MAPS
1.1. Overlap of Perceived Indian and Chinese Historic
Spheres of Influence 15
1.2. Tectonic Evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Massif 23
1.3. The Himalayan-Tibetan Massif as Illustrated by Contour Lines 25
2.1. The Tibetan Government-in-Exile's View of China 38
3.1. Cross-Section of Terrain from the Sichuan Basin to Lhasa 81
7.1. The Sino-Pakistani Friendship Highway 206
9.1. Burma's Role as an Invasion Corridor 250
9.2. Southwest China's Irrawaddy Corridor 268
10.1. Chinese Involvement in Myanmar's Maritime Development
in the 1990S 294
FIGURE
8.1. Sino-Pakistani Military Exchanges, 1985-1994 238
ix