Protohistoric Yamato: Archaeology of the First Japanese State

494 Pages·1988·24.456 MB·English

by  Gina Lee Barnes

PROTOHISTORIC YAMATO
To my parents,
who introduced me
to Japan
The University of Michigan Center for Japanese Studies
Michigan Papers in Japanese Studies, No. 17
Anthropological Papers
Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan
No. 78
Protohistoric Yamato
Archaeology of the First Japanese State
by Gina L. Barnes
Ann Arbor
1988
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978-0-915703-11-1 (paper)
ISBN
ISBN 978-1-949098-94-5 (ebook)
Contents
List of Figures vii
List of Tables x
List 0f Appendixes Xl
Preface xu
Nore xx
Introduction. Protohistoric Japan: Formation of the State 1
Western VS. Easrern Seto 1
The Mounded Tomb Culture 5
The Development of Yamato Authority 7
The Horserider Theory of Stare Formation 16
The Emergence of the Yamato Stare 24
Scope of Study 31
Part 1. Paddy Field Archaeology
Introduction to Part 1 37
Chaprer 1. Research Setting: The N ara Basin 39
Nara Basin Geography 39
A History of Nara Archaeology 44
Chaprer 2. The Nature of the Archaeological Record 57
Four Kinds of Archaeological Data 57
Sire Definition and Identification 58
An Indexing Sysrem for Site Comparability 61
Excavared Feature Data 76
Chapter 3. Surface Sites and Their Representativeness 113
Introduction 113
Surface Sites and Survey Inrerpretation 113
Factors of Landscape Modification 115
v
Site Representativeness 134
Conclusions to Part 1 153
Part 2. Nara Basin Settlement
Introduction to Part 2 159
Chapter 4. Territorial Organization in the Nara Basin 161
Introduction 161
Structural Elements of Early Historic Settlement Patterning 166
Later Yayoi Communities 176
Mounded Tomb Territories 185
Summary 194
Chapter 5. Settlement and Status in Early Stratified Society 201
Introduction 201
General Settlement Patterning 206
Social Differentiation in Architectural Features 225
Elite and Commoner Subcultures 232
Summary 246
Chapter 6. Emergence of the Yamato State 249
The Kawachi Court Period 249
The Localization of Production 258
The Emergence of Clan Society and State Administration 267
Administration and the Legitimation of Power 271
Formation of the Yamato State 274
Conclusions to Part 2 279
Glossary 283
Bibliography 287
Appendixes 301
Vl
List of Figures
1. Modern prefectures and districts of Japan XIV
2. Premodern provinces and districts of Japan xv
3. Eastern and Western Seto 3
4. Proportion of nonlocal pottery in Makimuku assemblages 14
5. Topographic setting of the N ara Basin 40
6. Reconstructed upland topography and river system 41
7. Sizes of sherds in resurvey 60
8. Basin quadrants and grid system 69
9. Cutaway view of reconstructed pit-building 78
10. Histogram of square vs. rectangular building plans 78
11. Late Yayoi circular pit-building, Kamotsuba site 79
12. Middle Kofun pit-buildings, Oka site 80
13. Early Kofun pit-building, Ota site 80
14. Middle Yayoi and Middle Kofun pit-buildings, Shimanosho
site 87
15. Late Kofun hearth, Shimanosho site 87
16. Storehouse drawings on Yayoi artifacts 88
17. Moated precincts excavated at Saki 99
18. Moated precincts excavated at Shibu 100
19. Moated precinct and possible irrigation network at Yabe 100
20. Directional orientation of moated precincts 101
21. Moated precincts at Yabe 102
22. Histogram of circular pit sizes 102
23. Scatterplot of quadrangular pit dimensions 103
24. Histogram of medium circular pit depths 103
25. Scatterplot of excavated ditch dimensions 104
26. Upper depth limits of artifact recovery 116
27. Karako pond excavation 120
28. Grid-square distribution of Sue ware 121
29, Grid-square distribution of medieval ceramics 121
30. Grid-square distribution of chipped stone tools 122
Vll
31. Grid-square distribution of Jomon ceramics 122
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32. Grid~square distribution of Yayoi ceramics
~"
33. Grid-square distribution of Haji ware 1""
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34. Jar burials shaved off through land-leveling 125
35. Location of figures 36-41 126
36. Topography of Wani site showing surface scatter 127
37. Topography of Karako site showing surface scatter 137
38. Topography of Makimuku site showing surface scatter 138
39. Topography of Hasshiin site showing surface scatter 139
40. Topography of Takenouchi site showing surface scatter 140
41. Topography of Kamotsuba site showing surface scatter 141
42. Distribution of code 1 sites 143
43. Distribution of code 2 sites 143
44. Distribution of code 3 sites 144
45. Distribution of code 4 sites 144
46. Distribution of code 5 sites 148
47. Distribution of code 6 sites 148
48. Distribution of code 7 sites 149
49. Mountain passes and early government roadways 164
50. Possible routes of protohistoric transportation 165
51. Boatmen incised on Yayoi jar sherd from Karako 171
52. Intermediate drainage catchments 173
53. Early seventh-century administrative units 175
54. N ara Basin bronze bells 178
55. Bronze-bell discovery locations 181
56. Palace and grave locations of second to ninth emperors 183
57. Moated precinct distribution 186
58. Early and Middle Kofun keyhole tomb-length histogram 188
59. Late Kofun keyhole tomb-length histogram 188
60. Early Kofun large keyhole tomb clusters 191
61. Early Kofun medium tomb clusters 197
62. Grid squares yielding Yayoi V materials 207
63. Grid squares yielding Early Kofun materials 208
64. Minimum links of Yayoi V squares 211
65. Minimum links of Early Kofun squares 212
66. Upland Yayoi sites 217
67. Yayoi V sites with features 218
68. Early Kofun sites with features 219
69. Links of Yayoi V squares under 2 km distant 222
Vlll
70. Links of Early Kofun squares under 3 km distant 223
71. Size distribution of circular pit-buildings 224
72. Size distribution of quadrangular pit-buildings 224
73. Size distribution of pillared buildings 224
74. Yayoi V pit-buildings from Saki 227
75. Haniwa buildings discovered in Nara 228
76. Bronze mirror from Samida Takarazuka tomb 229
77. Bronze sword-pommel cast with pit-building 231
78. Decorated talc spindle whorl from Shimanosho site 232
79. Pit 1 at Daifuku 234
80. Jars from Makimuku 236
81. Bowls from Makimuku 236
82. Pots from Makimuku 236
83. Minijars and jar stand 239
84. Pit-buildings excavated at Rokujoyama 239
85. Courtyard buildings represented in Haniwa 244
86. Kinai region of Japan 251
87. Middle Kofun large keyhole tombs 252
88. Middle Kofun medium keyhole tomb clusters 2.53
89. Palace sites of fifth-century emperors 2.54
90. Grid squares with Middle Kofun materials 255
91. Pillared-building complex and canal at Furu-Kidoho site 261
92. Pillared-building and ditch complex at Soga Tamazukuri 262
93. Bead-working and iron-making finds 263
94. Sixth-century clan territories 268
IX