Prolonged Connections: The Rise of the Extended Family in Nineteenth-Century England and ...

301 Pages·2009·12.23 MB·English

Prolonged Connections
Social Demography
Series Editors Doris P. Slesinger
James A. Sweet
Karl E. Taeuber
Center for Demography and Ecology
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Procedural History of the 1940 Census of Housing and Population
Robert M. Jenkins
Population Growth and Economic Development: Issues and Evidence
Edited by D. Gale Johnson and Ronald D. Lee
Thailand's Reproductive Revolution: Rapid Fertility Decline in a
Third-World Setting
John Knodel, Aphichat Chamratrithirong, and Nibbon Debavalya
Prolonged Connections: The Rise of the Extended Family in
Nineteenth-Century England and America
Steven Ruggles
Prolonged Connections
The Rise of the Extended Family
in Nineteenth-Century England
and America
Steven Ruggles
The University of Wisconsin Press
Published 1987
The University of Wisconsin Press
114 North Murray Street
Madison, Wisconsin 53715
The University of Wisconsin Press, Ltd.
1 Gower Street
London WC1E 6HA, England
Copyright © 1987
The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin
System
All rights reserved
First printing
Printed in the United States of America
For LC CIP information see the colophon
ISBN 0-299-11030-3 cloth, 0-299-11034-6 paper
To my noncoresident extended kin group
Contents
Preface xvii
1 The Rise of the Extended Family in the
Nineteenth Century 3
2 The Economics of the Family:
Some Theoretical Considerations 13
Traditional Sociological Interpretations 13
The New Home Economics 16
Exchange Theory 20
Economic Theory and Levels of Analysis 22
Economic Analysis and Nonmaterial Factors 23
The Limitations of Economic Analysis 24
Historical Interpretations 25
Conclusion 27
viii Contents
3 Evidence on the Economics of
Extended-Family Structure 30
Economic Status and Extended-Family Structure 31
Economic Dependence and the Extended Family 42
Economic Exchange and Extended-Family Structure 47
Conclusion 57
4 Approaches to the Demography of the
Extended Family 60
Theoretical Considerations 60
Analytic Models of Extended-Family Structure 65
Simulation Approaches 71
The SOCSIM Demographic Microsimulation Model 74
5 Analytic Strategies 84
Levels of Measurement and Residential Propensities 84
The Whopper Assumption 89
The Standard Propensities Approach 92
Use of Hypothetical Rules with MOMSIM 102
Conclusion 105

6 Simulation Results 106
The Standard Propensities Results 110
Hypothetical Rules and Stem-Family Structure 119
Conclusion 125
Contents ix
Conclusion 127
Appendix A: Notes on the Measurement of
Historical Family Structure 139
Family Extension versus Household Extension 139
Household Headship and Family Structure 140
The Unit of Measurement 142
The Effects of Intervening Variables 147
Appendix B: Data and Setting 150
Appendix C: MOMSIM: An Individual-Level Model
of Demography and Kinship 156
General Characteristics of the Model 157
Input Data and Allocation Procedures 160
Strategy for Assigning Characteristics 169
Assumptions in Assignment of
Individual Characteristics 172
Accuracy of the Life-History Allocations 174
Organization of the Model 175
The Piggyback Projection Model 181
The MOMSIM Adjustment Technique 182
Conclusion 184
x Contents
Appendix D: The Effects of Demography on
Extended-Family Structure 185
The 1900 Standard Propensities 186
Marital Patterns and Standard Propensities 191
Mortality, Fertility, and Standard Propensities 198
Analysis through Hypothetical Rules 203
Conclusion 206
Appendix E: Marriage and Class Patterns of
Extended-Family Structure 208
Demography and Extended Families in Lancashire 208
Vertical and Horizontal Extension 211
Hypergamy and Horizontal Extension 214
Headship and Vertical Extension 216
Conclusion 219
Appendix F: Multivariate Analyses 220
Bibliography 237
Index 275